Phaseless bi-polar planar near-field measurements and diagnosticsof array antennas

Antenna near-field measurements typically require very accurate measurement of the near-field phase. There are applications where an accurate phase measurement may not be practically achievable. Phaseless measurements are beginning to emerge as an alternative microwave antenna measurements technique when phase cannot be directly measured. There are many important aspects for successful implementation of a phaseless measurement algorithm. This paper presents appropriate phaseless measurement requirements and a phase retrieval algorithm tailored for the bi-polar planar near-field antenna measurement technique. Two amplitude measurements and a squared amplitude optimal sampling interpolation method are integrated with an iterative Fourier procedure to first retrieve the phase information and then construct both the far-field pattern and diagnostic characteristics of the antenna under test. In order to critically examine the methodologies developed in this paper, phaseless measurement results for two different array antennas are presented and compared to results obtained when the near-field amplitude and phase are directly measured     

线极化卫星异地校相方法研究

船载卫通站使用线极化卫星转发器进行通信时,通过极化面调整来适应地理位置改变而引起的极化角变化,以确保极化隔离度满足指标要求,而极化面调整将引起跟踪接收机相位发生变化,使天线跟踪性能下降。为克服海上动态条件下无法对跟踪接收机校相带来的困难,提出了一种静态条件下对接收机进行异地校相的方法,并将试验结果应用于海上实际跟踪,初步验证了该方法的可行性,可为后续线极化卫星在船载卫通站的应用提供参考。     

卫星通信天线自动极化调整技术

线极化工作方式的卫星通信天线需要进行极化调整。根据任意极化波可由空间2个正交的线极化波合成的理论,提出了一种自动极化调整方法,该方法通过控制2个正交线极化波的幅度比例,达到自动极化调整的目的。论述了自动极化调整原理,给出可用于工程的自动极化调整方法,并通过实测验证了该方法的正确性。     

Complex signal received through an anisotropic panel intercepting acircularly polarized beam

An inclined planar panel, which is generally anisotropic, intercepting a circularly polarized beam introduces loss and phase shift, and depolarizes the received signal. Orthogonal linearly polarized waves aligned to the symmetry planes are often used in the measurement of such panels. Using these data, convenient graphs are presented to illustrate the loss and phase shift of a circularly polarized beam, as well as the amount of depolarization into an orthogonal circularly polarized channel, without explicitly determining the intermediate axial ratio or polarization ellipse tilt angle of the emerging wave     

一种径向偏振光的产生方法

为了产生径向偏振光,采用组合半波片和组合线偏振片在腔外对线偏振光做极化整形的方法,进行了理论分析和实验验证。为检测该径向偏振光产生系统的性能,采用旋转检偏器法对输出光束的偏振分布进行了检测,并用经典斯托克斯参量测量法计算了偏振纯度,最后基于马赫-曾德尔干涉的原理,检测了径向偏振光对称区域的线偏振相位关系。结果表明,当组合线偏振片为4个分块时,获得了偏振纯度为80.5%的径向偏振光,并检测出光斑对称区域的线偏振相位差为π。这一结果对在低成本条件下产生高纯度的径向偏振光是有帮助的。     

附加直流的低信噪比雷达微振动信号提取

基于毫米波雷达的微振动测量是一种非接触式高精度测量手段,在桥梁健康监测领域发挥着重要作用。微振动信号提取通常对雷达回波信号进行差分干涉处理获取差分相位信息,然后对差分相位积分反演得到高精度的目标形变量。高背景噪声下,差分相位出现缠绕现象,造成反演的形变量产生跳变,破坏了振动信息,无法准确反映目标的形变量和振动频率等振动特征。为了解决这个问题,本文提出了基于附加直流的低信噪比雷达微振动信号提取方法,该方法利用附加直流约束相位缠绕,并推导了附加直流带来的形变量幅度值调制系数,在解决形变量跳变问题的同时准确反演振动信号形变量。最后仿真数据与毫米波雷达实测数据验证了本方法的有效性。     

Phaseless Antenna Characterization by Effective Aperture Field and Data Representations

The problem of antenna characterization from phaseless near-field data is addressed by appropriate use of the available information on the Antenna Under Test (AUT) and on the scanning geometry to provide efficient representations for both the unknowns and the data. Such a strategy allows improving the reliability and the accuracy of the proposed characterization algorithm and, at the same time, shortens the overall measurement process.      

利用线极化天线快速测量圆极化天线轴比的方法

针对轴比测试需要连续旋转线极化天线极化轴,在高频段旋转关节难以消除高速旋转带来的电缆抖动所引起的幅度和相位不一致性,提出了一种快速、精确测量圆极化天线轴比的测试方法。基于椭圆极化波的正交分解理论,该方法利用线极化天线对待测圆极化天线进行两组正交的线极化幅度测量,通过计算得到圆极化天线的轴比等极化椭圆参数的信息。在此基础上又提出了只用三个线极化分量测量圆极化天线轴比的方法。通过在微波暗室中对圆极化天线进行多次测试,验证了该方法的有效性。该方法提高了圆极化天线的测试效率,降低了测试难度,对于工程应用有重要的应用价值。     

一款高效率频率选择表面圆-线极化转换器

为了实现圆极化波到线极化波的高效率转换,提出了一种由两种圆极化波调制模块构成的复合结构单元频率选择表面圆-线极化转换器。采用天线-馈线-天线结构设计了左-左旋和左-右旋两种圆极化调制模,并将二者组合形成具有左旋圆极化波接收、左旋和右旋圆极化波同幅同相辐射功能的圆-线极化转换器。仿真与测试结果表明,该极化转换器能够将入射左旋极化波转换成线极化波,3 dB传输系数相对带宽大于19.8%,工作带宽内的圆-线极化转换率大于0.99。该极化转换器具有插入损耗低、设计原理易于推广等优势。     

A two probes scanning phaseless near-field far-field transformationtechnique

An innovative and effective technique to determine the far-field of a radiating system from near-field intensity data is introduced, analyzed, and tested. The approach is based on the simultaneous measurement of the amplitude of the voltages received by two different probe antennas moving over a single scanning surface in the near zone and performs the phase retrieval of the near-field by assuming as unknown the plane wave spectrum of the field. The radiated field is then straightforwardly evaluated. As compared to the existing phaseless measurement techniques, the use of two different probes makes it possible to avoid the need for a second scanning surface and thus allows the use of smaller (and cheaper) anechoic chambers. Furthermore, the measurement time is essentially equal to that required by conventional techniques based on the measurement of the complex near-field. The reliability and the effectiveness' of the approach are investigated and discussed and the key factors affecting its behavior are highlighted. In particular, the relevance of the difference between the plane wave spectra (PWS) of the two probe antennas in ensuring an acceptable reliability of the solution, with respect to the starting point of the procedure, is outlined. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is confirmed by an extensive numerical analysis, which also shows the stability of the solution against data noise     

基于Stocks矢量测量与干涉法的径向偏振光束重建

随着光学操控技术的迅速发展,测量与重建径向偏振光束（RPB）成为迫切任务之一。利用一套石英旋光片组合,首先产生了RPB。借助计算机控制的CCD,对RPB的斯托克斯矢量场分布进行了测量,并获得其偏振态分布。结果表明:所产生的RPB归一化功率偏差为0.054 8,偏振偏差为0.004 4。利用干涉仪,获得了RPB的相位分布,相邻断面间平均相位差为1.471。最后,通过偏振和相位信息的数据处理,成功重建了RPB的矢量场分布,并发现其拓扑荷在3左右。这些结论为实现精密量子调控与测量铺平了道路。     

偏振光导航测角歧义性问题的解决方法

本文针对偏振光导航中传感器的仿沙蚁POL-neuron模型在获取航向角时存在的角度歧义性问题,根据大气偏振模式中偏振度分布不均匀的规律,提出了一种利用三个偏振通道和一个非偏振通道进行偏振光测角的PFAC模型,通过判断函数和不同天空区域偏振度的大小关系将POL-neuron模型的有效测角范围从[-45°,45°]扩展到[0°,360°].本文描述了PFAC模型的信号处理过程,进行了传感器实测数据的分析与处理,理论和实测结果表明该模型可以解决POL-neuron模型存在的测角歧义性,为偏振光导航传感器实现360°范围内的航向角获取提供了一种有效的解决方法.     

A dual planar reflectarray with synthesized phase and amplitude distribution

A quasi-planar reflector arrangement for generating an arbitrary phase and amplitude distribution in the antenna aperture and thus a wide range of far field patterns is presented. A parallel pair of reflectarrays is used. One is implemented as a standard reflectarray using rectangular patches on a microwave substrate with metallized backside. The other reflectarray is provided with a polarizing grid, which acts as a ground plane for one polarization and is transparent for the orthogonal polarization. An offset rectangular feed horn is embedded in the lower reflectarray to illuminate the upper reflector. A design procedure for a linear polarized antenna with a sector beam in the azimuth and a narrow beam width in the elevation is presented and is verified with measurement results.     

Spatial localization of the sources of a polarized electromagnetic field

Different approaches to the problem of estimation of the direction of arrival of the incident wave with an unknown polarization are considered. It is found that the obtained solutions can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of direction finding due to elimination of polarization errors and to determine the polarization parameters as an additional information parameter. Analysis of the results obtained for a particular configuration of the antenna array is performed. It is shown that the proposed method is more efficient for determination of the direction to the source of an arbitrarily polarized electromagnetic field than the approaches oriented to processing of the field with a predetermined polarization. The results of a numerical simulation confirming these conclusions are presented.     

通过圆偏振光提高飞秒激光诱导击穿光谱的发射强度

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)是一种快速、实时的元素成分分析技术。为了提高LIBS的灵敏度,人们已经提出多种方法来提高LIBS的光谱强度。本文采用飞秒脉冲激光烧蚀黄铜产生LIBS,对比了圆偏振和线偏振下LIBS光谱的强度,结果发现圆偏振下的光谱强度比线偏振下的强,光谱强度大约提高了15%。采用飞秒激光照射金属时,金属内部的自由电子吸收光子的能量。在线偏振飞秒激光场中,电子在脉冲的每个光学周期中经历交替的加速和减速;而圆偏振飞秒激光可以连续加速电子,因此电子可以获得更高的能量,这使得圆偏振飞秒激光产生的光谱强度不同于线偏振飞秒激光产生的光谱强度,圆偏振激光有助于改善飞秒LIBS信号的强度。     

A practical method for measuring the complex polarization ratio of arbitrary antennas

A technique for measuring the complex polarization ratio of an arbitrary antenna is presented. The technique requires the use of two antennas which are not circularly polarized but are otherwise arbitrary. Only reciprocity and linearity are assumed. Six amplitude and phase measurements are performed, two measurements for each pair of antennas. The complex polarization ratio of each antenna is then calculated from the six measurements. The specific details of the measurement technique are described and some measurement results presented.     

Time Division Circular Polarization: A Simple Technique for Increasing Propagation Experiment Productivity

A simple technique, time division circular polarization (TDCP), is described which permits the simultaneous measurement of attenuation and depolarization for two orthogonal linearly polarized waves and two orthogonal circularly polarized waves in a slowly varying linear propagation medium using only a single frequency beacon switched between two linearly polarized antenna ports.     

大气散射辐射偏振特性测量研究

大气散射辐射偏振特性测量是研究大气光学和物理特性的有效手段之一.利用PVF021型光谱偏振辐射计,以合肥地区大气为例,通过野外地基测量,获取了大量不同时空的大气光谱偏振数据,对它们处理和分析,可以得到大气偏振特性的时空分布信息.此项工作为反演大气参数、建立大气散射辐射偏振特性模型提供素材.     

Measurement of beat length in polarization-maintaining fibers with external forces method

Beat length is a key parameter for the polarization maintaining fibers (PMFs). Based on a white light scanning Michelson interferometer, the measurement of the phase beat length in PMFs employing the external force is presented. When the linearly polarized light propagates along the principal axis of the PMFs, the polarization coupling occurs at the force position of PMFs. The short and long length PMFs are measured respectively, furthermore, the uniformity of beat length measurement is tested. In the end, the advantages and the disadvantages of the method are discussed in detail.     

Propagation and depolarization of an arbitrarily polarized waveobliquely incident on a slab of random medium

The problem of how a slab of random medium affects the propagation and polarization of an arbitrarily polarized obliquely incident electromagnetic wave is investigated. The general formulation is given by using vector radiative transfer theory. The multiple scattering solution is compared with the analytical first-order solution when the optical distance is small and the comparison shows that the results are consistent with each other. The multiple scattering results for a left-handed circularly polarized incident wave show that the transmitted wave is still right-handed near the backscattering direction. The scattering signature obtained shows that for normal incidence one can obtain a maximum backscattered power if an arbitrarily oriented linearly polarized incident wave is chosen and that for an incident angle of 30°, a minimum backscattered power can be obtained if a linearly polarized incident wave is oriented at 45° or 135°