融合子F3产衣康酸的培养基组成及摇瓶发酵条件的优化

对直接利用生淀粉发酵产衣康酸的融合子F3的发酵条件进行了研究。得到较佳培养基组成及发酵条件为:玉米淀粉110g/L,NH_4NO_3 3.0g/L,玉米浆2.5mL/L,MgSO_4·7H_2O1.5g/L,CuSO_4·5H_2O2.0 mg/L,初始pH3.0～3.5,摇瓶装液量80mL/500 mL三角瓶,接种量10%(种龄44h),34℃振荡(220r/min)培养140h。在此条件下,F3衣康酸产率达到45.3g/L,比优化前提高了4.4g/L;对供给淀粉的转化率达41.2%。     

红发夫酵母生产虾青素的培养基优化

从提高虾青素产量和降低生产成本综合考虑。研究选择了混合碳源、混合氮源、柠檬酸铵((NH_4)_3C_6H_5O_7)、Na_2HPO_4、K_2HPO_4、MgSO_4·7H_2O组成培养基。正交设计优选出的培养基为混合碳源(糖蜜40%、淀粉塘60%)30 g/L、混合氮源(玉米浆40%、(NH_4)_2SO_460%)7 g/L、MgSO_4·7H_2O 1.5 g/L、(NH_4)_3C_6H_5O_7 2g/L、Na_2HPO_4 2.0 g/L,用此优化培养基摇瓶培养红发夫酵母获得生物量16.92 g/L,虾青素含量903μg/g和虾青素产量15 279μg/L。     

调味品酿造微生物的实验技术(续)

基本培养基:常用的有8种,试剂都是无维生素的化学纯试剂。 1.Wickerham的无维生素合成培养基(表25)。 2.长谷川等培养基 (NH_4)2SO_40.25％MgSO_4·7H_2O0.05％KH_2PO_40.10％NaCl0.01％CaCl_22H_2O0.01％葡萄糖3.0％或用0.3％无维生素的干酪酸水解液代     

曲酸生产菌种的筛选和发酵培养条件的优化

通过多次UV诱变黄曲霉菌A－5，获得-高产曲酸生产菌株UV3x3，该菌株的适宜发酵条件为：温度33℃，淀粉14％，酵母浸出物0．5％，H3PO4。0．07％，MgSO4·7H2O0．05％，FeSO4·7H2O0．002％，K2CO30.03％，在此条件下摇瓶培养6天可生产曲酸6．84g／100m，平均生产效率为11．4g／（1·d），后期生产效率达15．4g／（1·d），转化率为55％。     

卷枝毛霉3.2208条件优化产类可可脂的研究

通过正交实验,得出卷枝毛霉3.2208产类可可脂的最佳培养条件为:接种量0.5ml;温度33℃;pH值,6.0;C/N比,100;培养时间6d;氮源为蛋白胨;碳源为麦芽糖;FeSO4·7H2O0.01g/L;ZnSO4·7H2O0.01g/L;MgSO4·7H2O0.0005g/L;MgSO4·7H2O0.8g/L;油酸0g/L。在该条件下,卷枝毛霉的CBE得率为3.61%,油脂系数为0.29,其二位不饱和脂肪酸为79.08%。     

L-赖氨酸发酵条件的研究

用硫酸二乙酯和亚硝基胍诱变处理黄色短杆菌AS1.495,选育出产L-赖氨酸的突变株F11—519。正交试验确定了该菌株累积L—赖氨酸的最佳培养基配比如下:葡萄糖13%、豆饼水解液2.5%、玉米浆3%、(NH_4)_2SO_43.5%、K_2HPO_40.1%、MgSO_4·7H_2O0.05%、CaCO_34.5%、pH7.2。在适宜条件下,其摇瓶产酸和转化率分别达到     

蔗渣化学热磨机械浆(CTMP)的过氧化氢漂白

本文研究了蔗渣CTMP进行传统的分段或塔式H_2O_2漂白和在精磨过程中同时进行H_2O_2漂白。传统的分段漂白漂白温度和时间的影响。试验采用添加4％NaOH以种子岛(Tanegashima—日本地名)生长的蔗渣制备CTMP,因为这种条件获得的白度最低。首先研究在添加4％H_2O_2,0.024％MgSO_4(0.05％MgSO_4·7H_2O)和5％Na_2SiO_3条件下漂白温度对白度改善的作用。白度的增加量与漂白温度和时间的关系如图1所示。经过两小时以后白度趋于平稳。白度增加的     

金针菇FV_(8812)菌株深层发酵工艺的研究

金针菇FV_8812(Flammnlina Velutipes)菌株是我们从国内外收集到的25株菌株中,经筛选获得的一株适合深层发酵的高产优质菌株。本文报道了该菌株的适宜发酵培养基、摇瓶发酵条件及50升发酵罐的扩大试验结果。结果表明,其适宜发酵培养基的组成为5.0％玉米粉、3.0麸皮、0.1％KH_2PO_4、0.05％MgSO_4·7H_2O、10μg/100ml VB_1、50μg/100ml VB_2;适宜的摇瓶发酵条件为:培养温度20～25℃培养基起始pH6.0～7.0,摇瓶装量500ml,装100～160ml,种子培养时间3～4天,接种量10～15％,摇瓶转速120～200rpm添加消泡油不少于0.1％为宜;经50升发酵罐扩大试验,菌体干收率3.94％(W/V),达到了工厂化发酵生产食用菌菌丝体的要求,因而具有工业投产意义。     

白腐菌Trametes versicolor产漆酶发酵条件的优化

对白腐菌Trametesversicolor产漆酶的发酵条件进行了研究,结果表明摇瓶培养产漆酶的最佳培养基组成为:可溶性淀粉2g/L,氯化铵1.2g/L,KH2PO42g/L,MgSO4·7H2O0.5g/L,CaCl2·2H2O0.1g/L,VB10.001g/L,Tween802g/L,微量元素混合液7mL/L,愈创木酚0.015mmol/L,CuSO4·5H2O60μmol/L,pH3.5;最佳发酵条件为:在250mL三角瓶装50mL培养基,接种量(Φ8mm)2块,25℃,150r/min振荡培养10d时,漆酶活力达到862U/L,约是优化前的4倍。     

里氏木霉以稻草和麸皮为基质产木聚糖酶的研究

以稻草和麸皮为主要基质,对里氏木霉RutC-30产木聚糖酶的固体发酵条件进行研究。试验表明:固态发酵培养基中添加麸皮不利于产木聚糖酶,最适氮源为(NH4)2SO4,干料与水分的比例为1∶3·5,并分析了无机盐对里氏木霉RutC-30产木聚糖酶的影响:MgSO4·7H2O>MnSO4·H2O>ZnSO4·H2O>FeSO4·7H2O。酶粗酶液的最适作用pH为4·8,最适反应温度为55℃。     

碳氮源对Bacillus sp.B_(53)发酵产聚谷氨酸的影响

考察了 8种不同碳源和 7种不同氮源对Bacillussp B53 发酵产聚谷氨酸的影响。结果表明 ,柠檬酸、甘油和硫酸铵是合成聚γ 谷氨酸比较适宜的碳源和氮源 ,前体物质L 谷氨酸的存在是聚谷氨酸高产所必需的。经过正交试验和回归分析 ,确定最佳碳氮源配比为 :L Glu 2 0 g/L ,CTA 9 86 4g/L ,Glycerol 80 36 g/L ,(NH4) 2 SO47g/L ,其他培养基成分有MgSO4·7H2 O 0 5 g/L ,FeCl3 ·6H2 O 0 0 2 g/L ,K2 HPO41g/L ,CaCl2 ·2H2 O0 2 g/L ,MnSO4·H2 O 0 0 5 g/L。在既定发酵条件下 ,Bacillussp B53 在优化培养基上产生γ PGA 19 12 g/L比基础发酵培养上的 8 87g/L提高了 115 5 6 %。     

Degradation of herbicide 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid by advanced electrochemical oxidation methods

The herbicide 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) has been degraded in aqueous medium by advanced electrochemical oxidation processes such as electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton with UV light, using an undivided cell containing a Pt anode. In these environmentally clean methods, the main oxidant is the hydroxyl radical produced from Fenton's reaction between Fe2+ added to the medium and H2O2 electrogenerated from an 02-diffusion cathode. Solutions of a 4-CPA concentration <400 ppm within the pH range of 2.0-6.0 at 35 degrees C can be completely mineralized at low current by photoelectro-Fenton, while electro-Fenton leads to ca. 80% of mineralization. 4-CPA is much more slowly degraded by anodic oxidation in the absence and presence of electrogenerated H2O2. 4-Chlorophenol, 4-chlorocatechol, and hydroquinone are identified as aromatic intermediates by CG-MS and quantified by reverse-phase chromatography. Further oxidation of these chloroderivatives yields stable chloride ions. Generated carboxylic acids such as glycolic, glyoxylic, formic, malic, maleic, fumaric, and oxalic are followed by ion exclusion chromatography. The highest mineralization rate found for photoelectro-Fenton is accounted for by the fast photodecomposition of complexes of Fe3+ with such short-chain acids, mainly oxalic acid, under the action of UV light.     

一株耐高温乳酸菌的发酵条件优化

选用乳酸菌发酵生产L-乳酸,利用SAS软件的Plackett-Burman设计和Box-Benhnken设计优化了发酵培养基,以期提高L-乳酸的产量。最终确定最优培养基为(g/L),乙酸钠1.69、蛋白胨6.33、酵母膏6.63、葡萄糖30、吐温80 1、玉米浆10、柠檬酸二铵2、KH2PO40.28、MnSO4.7H2O 0.2、MgSO4.7H2O 0.2、CaCO310。在上述条件下,发酵乳酸菌的L-乳酸产量为12.533 g/L,比优化前提高74.07%。     

葡糖醋杆菌J2-1静态发酵生产细菌纤维素的培养基优化

为提高葡糖醋杆菌（Gluconacetobacter）J2-1发酵生产细菌纤维素的产量,采用静态发酵方式,利用单因素试验对发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、乙醇、有机酸及无机盐进行优化,并在此基础上选取葡萄糖、MgSO4·7H2O和酵母粉添加量进行正交试验优化。结果表明,发酵培养基最优组分为：葡萄糖80 g/L、酵母粉18 g/L、乙醇2%（V/V）、Na2HPO4·12H2O 3 g/L、乳酸2 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.4 g/L。在此优化发酵培养基条件下,葡糖醋杆菌J2-1静态发酵生产细菌纤维素产量达到9.34 g/L,是优化前的1.89倍。     

农用废弃物固态发酵生产衣康酸工艺研究

以土曲霉AS32811为发酵菌种,农用废弃物麸皮7.5g,玉米芯6.0g为出发培养基,在自然pH值条件下采用单因素试验研究碳源、氮源、无机盐对衣康酸产酸效果的影响。结果显示,该菌可以利用实验所选择的碳源生产衣康酸,葡萄糖为碳源时得率最高;氮源实验结果表明,NH4NO3是最适的产酸氮源。在单因素试验的基础上进行了五因素四水平的正交试验以优化产酸工艺。衣康酸生产的优化条件为:250mL三角瓶中加入玉米芯7.5g、麸皮6.0g、葡萄糖4g、营养液25mL(NH4NO3,4g/L;KH2PO4,0.1g/L;MgSO4,6g/L;C6H12O6,4g;ZnSO4.7H2O,0.015g/L),接种量为1mL(1×107孢子/mL)、温度36℃、湿度为65%条件下自然发酵72h,衣康酸产率可达63.5%。以土曲霉AS32811为发酵菌种,农用废弃物麸皮7.5g,玉米芯6.0g为出发培养基,在自然pH值条件下采用单因素试验研究碳源、氮源、无机盐对衣康酸产酸效果的影响。结果显示,该菌可以利用实验所选择的碳源生产衣康酸,葡萄糖为碳源时得率最高;氮源实验结果表明,NH4NO3是最适的产酸氮源。在单因素试验的基础上进行了五因素四水平的正交试验以优化产酸工艺。衣康酸生产的优化条件为:250mL三角瓶中加入玉米芯7.5g、麸皮6.0g、葡萄糖4g、营养液25mL(NH4NO3,4g/L;KH2PO4,0.1g/L;MgSO4,6g/L;C6H12O6,4g;ZnSO4.7H2O,0.015g/L),接种量为1mL(1×107孢子/mL)、温度36℃、湿度为65%条件下自然发酵72h,衣康酸产率可达63.5%。     

一株异肠球菌SJR-16-1胞外多糖合成条件的研究

针对分离自内蒙古锡林郭勒牧区马奶酒中的41株乳酸菌进行胞外多糖生物合成能力的的研究,筛选出一株胞外多糖产量高的菌株异肠球菌SJR-16-1,分别改变基础培养基的碳源、氮源以及发酵温度、时间、pH等条件,探讨其对异肠球菌SJR-16-1胞外多糖生物合成能力的影响。优化的培养基的组成为蛋白胨2.0%;葡萄糖1.5%;麦芽糖1.5%;K2HPO40.2%;MnSO.44H2O 0.02%;MgSO.47H2O 0.02%;醋酸钠0.5%;酵母粉0.5%;Tween80 1 mL/L。确定其胞外多糖的最佳生物合成条件为:初始pH6.0,发酵温度35℃,发酵时间14 h,优化的条件显著提高了EPS的合成量。     

REDUCTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES,ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 AND SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM DURING STORAGE ON BEEF SANITIZED WITH FUMARIC,ACETIC, AND LACTIC ACIDS1

Cylindrical samples of beef semitendinosus muscle were dipped into an inoculum of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella typhimurium. After air drying for 10 min, samples were sanitized by dipping in fumaric acid (1.0 or 1.5%), lactic acid (1%) or acetic acid (1.0%) solutions for 15 or 30 s at 55C. The 1.5% fumaric acid was most inhibitory against L. monocytogenes, resulting in inactivation of this pathogen after 7 days of storage. Samples treated with 1.0% and 1.5% fumaric acid solutions for 30 sec gave 2.54 and 1.51 log₁₀ reductions, respectively, in S. typhimurium population compared to nontreated samples. The 1.5% fumaric acid treatments for 30 s exerted the maximum inhibition of E. coli O157:7. Acetic and lactic acid treatments were significantly less effective in reducing populations of the tested pathogens than fumaric acid treatments. As the sanitizing time in acid solutions increased from 15 to 30 s, the numbers of surviving organisms were reduced significantly.     

响应面法优化少根根霉发酵合成富马酸

利用少根根零发酵生产富马酸,考察了不同浓度的初始葡萄糖以及有机氟源酵母膏和无机氮源(NH_4)_2SO_4对富马酸的合成的影响。在此基础上运用响应曲面分析方法优化了富马酸产量以及转化率,葡萄糖和(NH_4)_2SO_4的浓度为162.0g/L、3.08g/L时,富马酸的产量最大为75.15g/L;葡萄糖和(NH_4)_2SO_4的浓度为121.2g/L、2.23g/L时,富马酸的转化率最大为55.16%,在原来基础上产量有了明显的提高,优化效果较好,通过验证实验值与预测值基本相符。     

Addition of fumaric acid and sodium benzoate as an alternative method to achieve a 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations in apple cider

A study was conducted to develop a preservative treatment capable of the Food and Drug Administration-mandated 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations in apple cider. Unpreserved apple cider was treated with generally recognized as safe acidulants and preservatives before inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 in test tubes and subjected to mild heat treatments (25, 35, and 45 degrees C) followed by refrigerated storage (4 degrees C). Fumaric acid had significant (P < 0.05) bactericidal effect when added to cider at 0.10% (wt/vol) and adjusted to pH 3.3, but citric and malic acid had no effect. Strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.96) between increasing undissociated fumaric acid concentrations and increasing log reductions of E. coli O157:H7 in apple cider indicated the undissociated acid to be the bactericidal form. The treatment that achieved the 5-log reduction in three commercial ciders was the addition of fumaric acid (0.15%, wt/vol) and sodium benzoate (0.05%, wt/vol) followed by holding at 25 degrees C for 6 h before 24 h of refrigeration at 4 degrees C. Subsequent experiments revealed that the same preservatives added to cider in flasks resulted in a more than 5-log reduction in less than 5 and 2 h when held at 25 and 35 degrees C, respectively. The treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced total aerobic counts in commercial ciders to populations less than those of pasteurized and raw ciders from the same source (after 5 and 21 days of refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C, respectively). Sensory evaluation of the same ciders revealed that consumers found the preservative-treated cider to be acceptable.     

马铃薯淀粉产衣康酸发酵培养基的优化

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,利用土曲霉XL-6发酵生产衣康酸,并对发酵培养基组分进行优化。在单因素基础上,采用Plackett-Bur-man设计法从诸多因素中筛选出显著因素,通过响应面分析方法对其进行优化,建立衣康酸产率的二次多项式回归模型。试验结果表明,在最佳发酵培养基:碳源浓度130g/L,玉米浆2.14g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 2.19g/L,KH2PO4 0.14g/L,NH4NO3 3g/L,FeSO4.7H2O 0.10g/L,衣康酸产率达到7.04%。验证试验的实测值与预测值基本一致,说明模型可较好的反映实际情况。