铋系半导体光催化剂及其应用研究进展

光催化技术是一种具有广阔应用前景的绿色环境治理技术,而光催化剂则是该技术的关键,且较之传统的高温、常规催化技术及吸附技术有优越的特性。在目前已研发的各种光催化剂中,Bi系半导体光催化剂是具有可见光响应的光催化剂,在可见光下具有良好的光催化性能。本文综述了国内外对铋系光催化剂及其应用研究新进展,并展望了该系列可见光催化剂发展前景。     

光催化改性铋系化合物的研究进展

铋系光催化剂作为重要的可见光光催化剂,因本体铋的光催化性能并不优越,故对其表面进行改性。形貌调控和表面改性能有效增强铋系光催化剂性能,总结了铋系光催化剂形貌调控和表面改性方面的研究进展,介绍超薄结构协同异质结的形成、分级结构和空心结构构筑、官能团和纳米颗粒修饰表面、调控表面缺陷及进行原位转化形成金属铋和含铋化合物等改进铋系光催化剂性能的方法,分析了光催化改性铋系化合物的未来前景和所面临挑战。     

铋系光催化剂的最新研究进展

综述了铋系光催化剂的最新研究进展,介绍了钨酸铋光催化剂、氯氧化铋光催化剂、偏钒酸银/钒酸铋复合光催化剂、铋/甲酸氧铋复合光催化剂、氯氧化铋-磷钨酸铵复合光催化剂、氯氧化铋/二氧化硅/四氧化三铁复合光催化剂、碘氧化铋/钒酸铋复合光催化剂、BiOCl_xBr_yI_(1-x-y)复合体光催化剂、磷酸银/钒酸铋复合光催化剂、二硫化锡/溴氧化铋复合光催化剂、硫化镉/氯氧化铋复合光催化剂、银-溴化银/次碳酸铋复合光催化剂、氯氧化铋/海泡石复合光催化剂的合成制备方法。并对铋基光催化剂的研究进行了展望。     

铋系可见光催化剂研究进展

铋系催化剂作为一种新型的光催化材料成为近年来光催化领域的研究热点,尤其在可见光催化降解污染物方面取得一系列重大研究成果。介绍了Bi₂O₃催化剂、钛酸铋系催化剂、复合型催化剂和固溶体型催化剂的研究动态和主要成果,研究的重点将更多集中在光催化机理的深入研究、新型高效光催化剂的研究和合成以及催化剂的负载技术等方面。     

铋系光催化剂研究进展

光催化氧化技术是近年来研究的一个热点领域，而光催化剂则是该技术的关键所在。铋系光催化剂因其在可见光（λ≥420）下具有良好的光催化性能而被广泛关注和深入研究，并取得了一系列重大科研成果。     

含铋掺杂TiO2及其铋系光催化剂的研究现状

光催化氧化法是近年来发展较快的新技术之一,而高效光催化荆是该技术的核心.TiO2掺杂改性或新型可见光催化剂的研发是当前光催化研究的焦点.本论文就国内外对TiO2掺杂Bi、新型铋系光催化剂的研究现状进行了综述,并展望了该类可见光催化剂的发展前景.     

铋系异质结光催化剂的研究进展

探讨了几种不同类型的铋系异质结,分别是贵金属/含铋复合物、半导体/含铋复合物、2种含铋光催化剂之间的异质结、碳基材料/含铋复合物和元素掺杂含铋化合物,简要概括了各类异质结的特点和研究进展,最后对具有异质结类铋系光催化剂的应用前景做出了展望。     

含铋光催化材料的研究进展

含铋光催化材料因其能吸收可见光、催化活性高而具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要回顾了含铋光催化材料近年来的研究概况,详细介绍了铋氧化物、卤氧化铋及钛酸铋、钨酸铋、钒酸铋、钼酸铋、铁酸铋等光催化剂的结构、制备和光催化性能,重点对光催化性能的改进方法进行了综述,包括制备方法的改良、催化剂的掺杂改性及复合催化剂的制备等;最后针对进一步提高光催化剂整体性能、实现工业化应用两点,提出了未来可以利用多元元素掺杂、多元半导体复合进行改性和负载于某些载体制备整体催化剂进行改良的观点。     

铋系光催化剂制备方法与应用

光催化剂自发现以来,国内外众多研究者就对其进行深入研究,并成功研制了成百上千种光催化剂,且其催化效率不断提高.阐述了铋系光催化剂的研究现状、制备方法及其应用领域,并展望了以后的研究工作.     

二氧化钛-钒酸铋复合材料光催化降解布洛芬的研究

为综合二氧化钛、钒酸铋光催化剂的性能,制备了二氧化钛-钒酸铋复合光催化剂,并以布洛芬为目标降解物,与二氧化钛、钒酸铋光催化剂的光催化性能进行了对比。以钛酸丁酯为原料,加入无水乙醇、盐酸、去离子水,采用凝胶法制备了二氧化钛光催化剂;以五水硝酸铋、偏钒酸铵为原料,加入浓硝酸、氢氧化钠,制备了钒酸铋、二氧化钛-钒酸铋复合光催化剂。此制备方法简便、高效。在可见光照射下,使用二氧化钛、钒酸铋、二氧化钛-钒酸铋3种光催化剂对布洛芬进行光催化降解,并将3种光催化剂分别联合过氧化氢对布洛芬进行光催化降解,考察了3种光催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,未加入过氧化氢条件下,3种光催化剂的光催化性能由大到小的顺序为二氧化钛-钒酸铋、二氧化钛、钒酸铋;加入电子捕获剂过氧化氢后,提高了光催化剂降解布洛芬的效率,减少了电子-空穴对的复合速度,并且3种光催化剂的光催化性能由大到小的顺序为二氧化钛-钒酸铋、钒酸铋、二氧化钛。     

铋系半导体光催化剂研究进展

铋系半导体材料具有特殊的层状结构以及合适的带隙,具有良好的可见光响应能力以及稳定的光化学特性,作为一类新型的环境友好型光催化剂在环境修复与解决能源危机等领域受到广泛关注,已成为近年来的研究热点。然而,铋系半导体光催化剂距离实际大规模应用仍存在一些亟需解决的问题,如光生载流子复合率高、对可见光谱的响应范围有限、光催化活性较差、还原能力较弱等。本文首先介绍了铋系半导体材料的典型特征、制备方法与反应机理,在此基础上着重阐述了铋系半导体光催化在形貌调控、构建异质结、离子掺杂、碳质材料掺杂、贵金属沉积、染料敏化等改性手段的研究进展以及在降解水体污染物、杀菌消毒、空气净化、制氢、还原CO2、有机合成等领域的应用成果。最后对铋系半导体光催化剂的未来前景做出展望,指出其未来的研究方向应致力于从多手段耦合改性、拓展其应用领域以及深入探究反应机理等方面开展。     

Ultrafast Optical Switches and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Amplifiers Based on Bismuth Oxide Glasses

Glasses with a high refractive index exhibit interesting properties. All optical switching and broadband amplification performances have been demonstrated using glasses based on bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃). Optical Kerr shutter (OKS) switching and degenerated four-wave mixing experiments for nonresonant-type Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–SiO₂ glasses have been performed using femtosecond lasers. This glass exhibits an ultrafast response (<150 fs) in OKS operation. Moreover, terahertz-range (THz-range) optical switching has been successfully performed with this glass, using a 1.5-THz pulse train. Erbium-doped bismuth-based oxide glasses also have been prepared for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) amplifiers. These glasses exhibit broadband emission and negligible concentration quenching, which indicates that the bismuth-based glass is suitable for broadband amplifiers and highly doped short-length fiber applications for metro use.     

Low-temperature synthesis of bismuth titanate by modified citrate amorphous method

Bismuth titanate is a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with outstanding properties that strictly depend on the composition and microstructure. However, bismuth-based materials are difficult to synthesize due to bismuth volatilisation that causes secondary phases and stoichiometry deviations. In this work, we propose a low-temperature chemical route, i.e. a modified amorphous citrate method, that allows a reduction of thermal treatment temperature, when compared with solid-state or other chemical routes, to obtain single-phase bismuth titanate samples. Single-phase powders with particle size under 300 nm are produced by calcination at 700 °C, and prepared into homogeneous dense pellets (density above 95%), with only isolated pores. The pellets show two distinctive features in the electrical behaviours directly associated with their mica-like microstructure: planar oriented boundaries are responsible for oxygen conduction, while the bulk is dominated by electronic conductivity. The samples show a high dielectric constant, around 200 at room temperature, while maintaining a low loss factor. The pellets also achieved a maximum polarisation of 5.85 μC/cm² and an inverse piezoelectric coefficient of 7.4 pm/V. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties obtained are comparable or superior to the state-of-the-art.     

Separation of Bismuth(lll) from Other Ions by Cation Exchange Chromatography

Abstract

The cation exchange behavior of bismuth was studied on Dowex 50W-X8 with hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, and perchloric acids, with ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate as the eluting agents. The efficiency of eluants was evolved in terms of elution constant and volume distribution coefficient. Bismuth was separated from copper, cadmium, tin, aluminum, nickel, manganese, vanadium, magnesium, mercury, iron, zinc, silver, cobalty barium, and calcium by the gradient elution process. It was separated from lead, uranium, antimony, and strontium by selective elution with specific eluants. The oxyanions were separated from it by the selective sorption process. The method was found to be applicable to analysis of bismuth-based alloys.     

Bi基微波介质材料研究进展

低温烧结微波介质陶瓷是近年来电介质材料方面的一个重要研究方向,也是发展片式多层微波器件的基础材料.Bi基材料具有较低的烧结温度和优良的介电性能,因而受到了广泛的关注.据此,对不同介电常数Bi基微波介质材料体系的研究进展及应用作了综合介绍,并分析了低熔点氧化物掺杂、离子取代对不同体系微波介质材料结构、介电性能的影响.     

铁酸铋光催化剂改性的研究进展

铁酸铋是一种钙钛矿型半导体光催化剂,因具有合适的光学带隙,良好的化学稳定性及可见光吸收性等特点而备受青睐。然而,铁酸铋的光生电子空穴对复合率高,载流子效率较低,导致其光催化活性较弱,限制了其实际应用。在概述铁酸铋结构和光催化机理的基础上,着重综述了贵金属沉积、半导体复合、金属离子掺杂等铁酸铋改性方法的作用机理与研究进展,探讨了铁酸铋光催化剂未来的研究方向。     

铁酸铋光催化剂改性的研究进展

铁酸铋是一种钙钛矿型半导体光催化剂,因具有合适的光学带隙、良好的化学稳定性及可见光吸收性等特点而备受青睐.然而,铁酸铋的光生电子-空穴对复合率高,载流子效率较低,导致其光催化活性较弱,限制了其实际应用.在概述铁酸铋结构和光催化机理的基础上,该文着重综述了贵金属沉积、半导体复合、金属离子掺杂等铁酸铋改性方法的作用机理与研究进展,探讨了铁酸铋光催化剂未来的发展方向.     

A review and recent developments on strategies to improve the photocatalytic elimination of organic dye pollutants by BiOX (X=Cl,Br, I,F) nanostructures

The main environmental problems associated with water body pollution are typically those caused by the discharge of untreated effluents released by various industries. Wastewater from the textile dye industry is itself a large contributor and contains a huge number of complex components, a wide spectrum of organic pollutants with high concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other toxic elements. One of several potential techniques to degrade such reactive dyes before being discharged to water bodies is photocatalysis, and bismuth-based photocatalysts are rapidly gaining popularity in this direction. Bismuth oxyhalides, BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I, F), as a group of ternary compound semiconductors (V-VI-VII), have been explored extensively for their photocatalytic activity due to their unique crystal lattice with special layered structure in pure as well as modified form. With suitable band gap and band edge positions, which are a required condition for efficient water breakup and high photon absorption, BiOCl scores over other oxyhalides. Photocatalytic activity depends on many factors such as synthesis method, morphology, size, illumination type, dye choice among others. This paper gives a critical review on bismuth oxyhalides as a family on various aspects of modifications such as doping (with unique and interesting metals as well), morphology and synthesis parameters, polymer and carbon assisted composites in order to further enhance the photocatalytic efficiency in UV/visible region of solar spectrum.