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1.
Wongsa Laohasiriwong Wannanapa Srathonghon Teerasak Phajan Supat Assana Somsak Intamat 《The International journal of environmental studies》2017,74(6):1001-1012
This study aimed to determine the particulate matter concentrations (PM10) in workplace air and personal dust, and their effects on the respiratory health of exposed workers. The lung function of 449 exposed workers was examined. The concentration of PM10 in workplace air and personal dust exposure was measured. Spirometry was used to evaluate the lung function capacity included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume ratio (FEV%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF). The forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of the FVC (FEF 25-75%) was determined. The PM10 concentration in workplace air (6 study sites) and personal dust (4 study sites) exceeded the standard (REL) of 0.12 mg/m3. The results of this study showed a decrease in the mean values and percent predicted value of FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEF and FEF 25-75%. The lung capacity of participants revealed that 24.50%, 4.45% and 7.13% had mildly, moderately restrictive and small airway disease. The respiratory symptoms were dyspnoea (22.49%), wheezing (10.69%), chest pain (10.69%) and chronic cough (2.90%). Factors influencing lung capacity included mask usage (Adj.OR: 0.44 CI: 0.25-0.79 p-value: 0.006) and chest pain (Adj.OR: 2.68 CI: 1.14-6.30 p-value: 0.024). 相似文献
2.
S. Karrasch M. Simon B. Herbig J. Langner S. Seeger A. Kronseder S. Peters G. Dietrich‐Gümperlein R. Schierl D. Nowak R. A. Jörres 《Indoor air》2017,27(4):753-765
Ultrafine particles emitted from laser printers are suspected to elicit adverse health effects. We performed 75‐minute exposures to emissions of laser printing devices (LPDs) in a standardized, randomized, cross‐over manner in 23 healthy subjects, 14 mild, stable asthmatics, and 15 persons reporting symptoms associated with LPD emissions. Low‐level exposures (LLE) ranged at the particle background (3000 cm?3) and high‐level exposures (HLE) at 100 000 cm?3. Examinations before and after exposures included spirometry, body plethysmography, transfer factors for CO and NO (TLCO, TLNO), bronchial and alveolar NO, cytokines in serum and nasal secretions (IL‐1β, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, GM‐CSF, IFNγ, TNFα), serum ECP, and IgE. Across all participants, no statistically significant changes occurred for lung mechanics and NO. There was a decrease in volume‐related TLNO that was more pronounced in HLE, but the difference to LLE was not significant. ECP and IgE increased in the same way after exposures. Nasal IL‐6 showed a higher increase after LLE. There was no coherent pattern regarding the responses in the participant subgroups or single sets of variables. In conclusion, the experimental acute responses to short but very high‐level LPD exposures were small and did not indicate clinically relevant effects compared to low particle number concentrations. 相似文献
3.
Li‐Wen Hu Namratha Gurram Michael S. Bloom Zhengmin Qian Steven W. Howard Juilet Iwelunmor Mohammed Zeeshan Shao Lin Bo‐Yi Yang Xiao‐Wen Zeng Kang‐Kang Liu Qian‐Sheng Hu Guang‐Hui Dong 《Indoor air》2019,29(3):477-486
We conducted a cross‐sectional study to investigate the associations between recent home renovation exposure and lung function in children. We randomly recruited 7326 school children residing in 24 districts from seven cities in northeastern China. We collected information about home renovations from parents using a questionnaire and lung function measurements from children using spirometer recordings gathered by trained professionals and expressed as the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal mid‐expiratory flow (MMEF), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). We identified higher odds of diminished lung function among these with home renovation in the previous 2 years compared to those without home renovation in the previous 2 years, for FVC (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.84 [95%CI: 1.58, 2.15]; FEV1: ORs = 2.82 [95%CI: 2.36, 3.36]; PEF: ORs = 1.51 [95%CI: 1.24, 1.83]; and MMEF: ORs = 1.90 [95%CI: 1.60, 2.24]). The associations were stronger among children exposed to new polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring compared to children exposed to other surface materials. Our results were consistent throughout the analysis of each type of renovation materials. In conclusion, recent home renovation exposure was associated with poor lung function among children. Strategies to protect home owners and their families from respiratory hazards during and after renovation are required. 相似文献
4.
Toyib Olaniyan Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie Martin Rsli Rajen Naidoo Nino Künzli Kees de Hoogh Bhawoodien Parker Joy Leaner Mohamed Jeebhay 《Indoor air》2019,29(1):89-100
The health impact of indoor air pollution in informal settlement households has not been extensively studied in South Africa. This cross‐sectional study investigated the association between asthma and common indoor exposures among schoolchildren from four informal settlements located in two municipalities in the Western Cape Province. A total of 590 children, aged 9‐11 years, were recruited. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Pulmonary function assessment included spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Phadiatop test for atopy was done. The prevalence of doctor‐diagnosed asthma was 3.4% (n = 20) among whom only 50% were on treatment. The prevalence of current wheeze was 12.9%, and 17.6% had airway obstruction (FEV1 < lower limit of normal), while 10.2% had airway inflammation (FeNO > 35 ppb). In adjusted logistic regression models, dampness, visible mold growth, paraffin use for cooking, and passive smoking were associated with a twofold to threefold increased risk in upper and lower airway outcomes. The strongest association was that of visible mold growth with rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio—aOR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.69‐6.71). Thus, there is a need for improved diagnosis of childhood asthma and Indoor Air Quality in informal settlement households. 相似文献
5.
X. Duan B. Wang X. Zhao G. Shen Z. Xia N. Huang Q. Jiang B. Lu D. Xu J. Fang S. Tao 《Indoor air》2014,24(5):464-473
Personal inhalation exposure samples were collected and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 126 selected volunteers during heating and non‐heating seasons in a typical northern Chinese city, Taiyuan. Measured personal PAH exposure levels for the urban residents in the heating and non‐heating seasons were 690 (540–1051) and 404 (266–544) ng/m3, respectively, while, for the rural residents, they were 770 (504–1071) and 312 (201–412) ng/m3, respectively. Thus, rural residents are exposed to lower PAH contamination in comparison with the urban residents in the non‐heating seasons. In the heating season, personal PAH inhalation exposure levels were comparable between the urban and rural residents, in part owing to the large rate of residential solid fuel consumption in the rural area for household cooking and heating. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) due to PAH exposure in Taiyuan were 3.36 × 10?5 and 2.39 × 10?5 for the rural and urban residents, respectively, significantly higher than the literature‐reported national average level, suggesting an urgent need of PAH pollution control to protect human health. 相似文献
6.
在现代社会文明进程的推动下,人们对建筑环境质量要求的提高使得建筑环境空间设计的专业化程度相应提高。如果声环境评价的性别差异过大,则空间设计标准也应有所调整。本文在保证性别和年龄匹配度的基础上,选择英国谢菲尔德城市区域为调查范围,通过对统计数据进行独立样本T检验和相关统计,得出结论如下:在声感知、声喜好类型、冬夏季节声感受、城市印象声的感知序列、城市综合环境要素评价(光环境、景观环境、空气质量、拥挤程度)方面的评价中,两性差异均无统计学意义。本文研究可为城市声环境的标准制定提供理论和实践支持。 相似文献
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Zuraimi Sultan Gerald Choon‐Huat Koh Fook Tim Chew Vivian Ng David Soo Quee Koh Kwok Wai Tham 《Indoor air》2019,29(5):727-734
To date, exposure studies linking dust‐mite allergens with asthma and allergic morbidities have typically relied on sampling from representative locations in the home for exposure assessment. We determine the effects of differing microenvironments allergen exposures on asthma and asthma severity among 25 case and 31 control preschool children in Singapore. Blo t 5 allergen levels in various niches from the children's home and day‐care microenvironments as well as their Blo t 5 time‐weighted concentrations were determined. Eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) levels from the children's saliva as markers for airway inflammation were obtained. Salivary ECP levels were higher in children with asthma than those without and the strength of association increased with higher salivary ECP levels. Although there was no relationship between time‐weighted Blo t 5 concentrations with salivary ECP levels among the controls, a positive statistically significant relationship was noted among cases, demonstrating the effects of cumulative exposure on asthma severity. Avoidance measures to reduce Blo t 5 allergen exposure should include all microenvironments that asthmatic children are exposed throughout the day. 相似文献
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目的对肥胖儿童2型糖尿病及代谢综合征进行综合干预,分析评价其效果。方法对2005年1月至2009年9月就诊的肥胖儿童153例,测量其身高、体质量、腰围、臀围、血压,进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,测定空腹和餐后2h血糖、胰岛素水平,并采集空腹肘静脉血测定血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。其中73例患儿在家长知情同意下予以综合干预治疗,包括健康教育、生活方式的干预（合理饮食结构、适合个体的运动方案、纠正不良生活行为）、个体心理干预、护肝及二甲双胍降糖药等药物治疗。对坚持完成综合干预3个月治疗的60例患儿,分别测定以上指标,比较前后的变化。结果 60例（7～16岁）肥胖患儿中,2型糖尿病2例、空腹血糖受损7例、糖耐量受损25例、胰岛素抵抗37例,符合代谢综合征诊断指标的41例。通过综合干预,患儿体质量指数、腰围、血压、血脂水平及患儿糖耐量水平、胰岛素抵抗值（HO-MA-IR）,均有不同程度下降（均P〈0.01）。结论根据患儿的具体情况,给予综合的干预,能使肥胖儿童体质量指数降低,脂代谢改善,血压下降,患儿糖耐量水平改善,能有效地防控肥胖儿童2型糖尿病及代谢综合征的发生及发展,对预防成人疾病起到了积极的作用。 相似文献
11.
分析了滑坡的水文地质条件,研究了水在滑坡产生和发育中的作用,并对滑坡水的防治措施进行了总结,指出通过桩、锚索、支挡结构等去阻止滑坡变形是困难的,通过对水的防治措施,能收到事半功倍的效果。 相似文献
12.
The aim of this work was to assess ultrafine particles (UFP) number concentrations in different microenvironments of Portuguese preschools and to estimate the respective exposure doses of UFP for 3–5‐year‐old children (in comparison with adults). UFP were sampled both indoors and outdoors in two urban (US1, US2) and one rural (RS1) preschool located in north of Portugal for 31 days. Total levels of indoor UFP were significantly higher at the urban preschools (mean of 1.82 × 104 and 1.32 × 104 particles/cm3 at US1 an US2, respectively) than at the rural one (1.15 × 104 particles/cm3). Canteens were the indoor microenvironment with the highest UFP (mean of 5.17 × 104, 3.28 × 104, and 4.09 × 104 particles/cm3 at US1, US2, and RS1), whereas the lowest concentrations were observed in classrooms (9.31 × 103, 11.3 × 103, and 7.14 × 103 particles/cm3 at US1, US2, and RS1). Mean indoor/outdoor ratios (I/O) of UFP at three preschools were lower than 1 (0.54–0.93), indicating that outdoor emissions significantly contributed to UFP indoors. Significant correlations were obtained between temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation, and ambient UFP number concentrations. The estimated exposure doses were higher in children attending urban preschools; 3–5‐year‐old children were exposed to 4–6 times higher UFP doses than adults with similar daily schedules. 相似文献
13.
目的 调查某肿瘤医院放射工作人员年累积受照剂量与甲状腺功能现状,探讨两者之间的关系,旨在为有效保护放射工作人员的身体健康提供参考.方法 以江西省某肿瘤医院放射科、放疗技术科、核医学科等科室的112名放射工作人员为调查对象.调查内容包括调查对象的性别、年龄及职业的性质、类别、时间等一般情况,以及其年累积受照剂量、血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、血清游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平.年累积受照剂量的检测采用微机热释光测量法,FT3、FT4和TSH检测采用化学发光免疫分析法.采用线性回归分析法对放射工作人员FT3、FT4水平的影响因素进行分析.结果 112名放射工作人员的年累积受照剂量平均水平为（0.49±0.55 ）mSv,核医学工作者的年累积受照剂量明显高于其他工种（F=9.165,P＆lt;0.001）;所有调查对象的FT3、FT4和TSH水平均在正常值范围内,不同年龄组和不同职业时间组的FT4水平相比差异均有统计学意义（F=4.119、P=0.008,F=7.756、P=0.001）;放射工作人员FT3、FT4水平与年累积受照剂量有关.结论 长期接触低剂量电离辐射会对放射工作人员的甲状腺功能产生一定的影响,应注重提高整体防护水平,同时加强重点工种放射工作人员的防护. 相似文献
14.
Airborne ultrafine particles (UFP) have been related to adverse health effects, but exposure in vulnerable population groups such as children is still not well understood. We aim to review the scientific literature regarding personal exposure to UFP in different microenvironments in populations until 18 years of age. The bibliographical search was carried out in July 2019 using the online database PubMed and was completed with references in articles found in the search. We selected the studies that used continuous counters and measured UFP levels in both specific microenvironment (houses, schools, transport, etc) and personal exposure. Finally, 32 studies fulfilled the criteria: of these, 10 analyzed personal exposure and 22 examined UFP levels in the microenvironment (especially in schools or nurseries (18/22)) and five in various microenvironments (including dwellings and means of transport, where exposure levels were higher). The characteristics of the microenvironments with the greatest levels of UFP were being close to heavy traffic or near cooking and cleaning activities. This review revealed the wide differences in exposure assessment methodologies that could lead to a lack of uniform and comparable information about the real UFP exposure in children. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, we report on the indoor concentrations from a suite of full-scale outdoor tracer-gas point releases conducted in the downtown area of Oklahoma City in 2003. A point release experiment consisted of releases of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in multiple buildings and from different outdoor locations. From the measurements, we are able to estimate the concentration variations indoors for a building operating under “typical” operating conditions. The mean indoor spatial coefficients of variation are 30% to 45% from a daytime outdoor release are around 80% during an outdoor evening release. Having estimates of the spatial coefficient of variation provides stakeholders, including first responders, with the likely range of concentrations in the building when little is known about the building characteristics and operating behavior, such as developing urban-scale hazard and consequence analyses. We show differences in indoor measurements at different distances to the release points, floors of the building, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVAC) operation. We also show estimates at different time resolutions. The statistics show that in the studied medium to large commercial buildings, spatial differences would result in peak indoor concentrations in certain parts of the buildings that may be substantially higher than the building average. To our knowledge, very few tracer gas measurements have been conducted in buildings of this scope, particularly with measurements on multiple floors and within a floor. The resulting estimates of spatial variability provide a unique opportunity for hazard assessment, and comparison to multi-zone models. 相似文献
16.
崇明新城公园的儿童水镜广场根据国外建成水镜效果进行探索和创新,在国内首次尝试在平整的石材表面覆盖5～15mm水膜,结合雾喷及喷泉,营造新颖的儿童游乐场地。本文基于对天然石材各项理化性能的研究,通过对石材颜色的选择、色差的控制、规格的确定,采用架空的构造,控制水景广场的平整度,使儿童水景的整体效果达到了预期要求。 相似文献
17.
基于女性视角下的风景园林空间分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合社会背景、人文背景,以女性视角分析当今风景园林规划设计中存在的忽视女性生理心理需要的问题.在认同规划设计一般规律的同时,发现男性标准在风景园林规划中的普遍存在,提出风景园林规划中女性主义所强调的"平等"是建立在所有性别差异基础上的平等.应在考虑性别差异性的基础上,针对女性生理心理的需求,为其营造具有安全性、感性化、舒适性、标示性的绿地活动空间. 相似文献
18.
根据评价指标的缺陷性改变其权重,建立适用于工程现场安全施工的评价模型,应用该方法对某工地的安全管理及技术进行评价,并针对评价结论提出了安全改善措施,证明了该模型具有较好的适用性。 相似文献
19.
用VB编制了可提供多种滑坡稳定性计算方法和支护方案的计算机辅助设计程序。依据《长江三峡工程库区滑坡防治工程设计与施工技术规程》,软件将费伦纽斯法(Fellenius)、毕肖普法(Bishop)、简布法(Janbu)和条分法4种模型集成为一体,同时可对地震、孔隙水压力、渗透压力、附加荷载工况下滑坡稳定性和推力进行计算。对于工程中最常用的抗滑桩支护结构,采用文献[4]、[5]推导的针对不同岩土地质条件的"m-m"法、"m-K"法和"K-K"法计算桩内力的有限差分公式及文献[6]推导的锚定板挡土墙肋柱内力计算公式,并编制了支护结构内力计算程序模块。用户可根据具体的工程地质条件选择合适的支护方案,从而实现受力性能好、工程造价低、安全可靠等优点。 相似文献
20.
Xinbo Xu Zhiwei Lian Jingyun Shen Ting Cao Jingwen Zhu Xiaorui Lin Ke Qing Weizhen Zhang Tao Zhang 《Indoor air》2021,31(2):440-453
This study comprehensively investigated the impact of indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on sleep quality. Three experimental conditions (800, 1900, 3000 ppm) were created in chambers decorated as bedroom and other environmental parameters that may influence the sleep quality were under strict control. Sleep quality of 12 subjects (6 men and 6 women) was monitored for 54 consecutive days through sleep quality questionnaire and physiological measures. Both subjective and physiological results showed that sleep quality decreased significantly with the increase of CO2 concentration, and the comprehensive questionnaire score at 3000 ppm was only 80.8% of that at 800 ppm. A linear positive correlation was found between sleep onset latency (SOL) and CO2 concentration, while a linear negative correlation occurred between slow-wave sleep (SWS) and CO2 concentration. In addition, in the same sleep environment, men had higher subjective questionnaire scores after wake-up, longer SWS and shorter SOL, which lead to a better sleep quality compared with women, and there was a significant gender difference in sleep quality at 800 ppm (P < .05). 相似文献