端羟基超支化聚(胺-酯)非共价改性氧化石墨烯

采用改进的Hummer方法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),并利用端羟基超支化聚(胺-酯)对其非共价功能化。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重分析(TG)及紫外可见分光光度等方法对氧化石墨烯表面改性的性能进行了分析。FT-IR,Raman,XRD和TG分析结果表明,超支化聚(胺-酯)分子成功改性了氧化石墨烯;XRD分析表明,随着超支化聚(胺-酯)含量的增加,石墨烯片层层间距增大,这说明超支化分子能够渗透插入到氧化石墨烯片层之间;Raman分析表明,吸附在氧化石墨烯表面的超支化聚(胺-酯)提高了氧化石墨烯表面的无序化程度和石墨烯结构的不完善程度。SEM形貌分析表明超支化聚(胺-酯)大分子覆盖在氧化石墨烯的表面上,且通过对改性前后氧化石墨烯在乙醇和正己烷中透光率的对比,表明改性后的氧化石墨烯分散性能得到了明显提高。     

500 keV质子辐照对氧化石墨烯薄膜材料的影响研究

新兴的二维石墨烯材料因其优异的导电、导热性、力学性能等,是目前各领域研究的热点。本工作利用地面模拟设备研究了PET基底上氧化石墨烯薄膜材料的质子辐射效应。分别对500 keV质子辐照前后的氧化石墨烯薄膜材料进行了XPS、Raman以及XRD分析,得到了质子辐照对材料表面化学组成、结构以及辐射缺陷的影响。结果表明,在质子辐照注量达到2×10~(15)/cm~2时,材料表面发生了明显变化,薄膜颜色由棕黄色变为了黑色,主要是因为材料在质子辐照作用下发生了脱氧行为,使得材料中的含氧基团减少。XPS测试结果表明,随着辐照注量的增加,材料中的碳氧原子比不断增大。Raman测试结果表明,辐照后不仅使得材料中的缺陷增多,而且材料结构也发生了严重的无序化转变。     

原子氧对石墨烯膜电阻的影响

通过对石墨烯膜在原子氧辐照下电阻变化研究,并结合原子氧辐照前后石墨烯膜表面微观形貌分析,发现石墨烯膜会被原子氧剥蚀,膜厚逐渐减小直至完全剥蚀。石墨烯膜的电阻在原子氧辐照初期有所下降,之后开始上升。说明在原子氧辐照初期有石墨烯吸附氧原子的现象,在后期石墨烯膜电性能变化符合电阻定律。利用石墨烯剥蚀厚度或者石墨烯电阻变化数据两种方法都可以得到石墨烯膜剥蚀率,约为(1.2~1.3)×10-25cm3/atom。根据石墨烯膜电阻随原子氧注量的关系,提出一种新的原子氧探测器。     

硅烷偶联剂及氧化石墨烯二次改性对芳纶纤维界面性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为改善芳纶纤维(PPTA)与丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料之间的界面强度,采用硅烷偶联剂A172和氧化石墨烯(GO)对芳纶纤维表面进行接枝改性处理,并对处理前后的芳纶纤维进行化学结构、表面形貌及H抽出力分析。利用SEM对抽出纤维表面和橡胶基芳纶纤维复合材料截面进行微观结构分析。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂和氧化石墨烯对芳纶纤维进行二次表面改性后,纤维表面含氧基团增加,化学活性提高,处理后表面存在明显的表层附着物,纤维结构未发生明显损伤且表面粗糙度得到明显改善。每个处理阶段后H抽出力均有提高,且氧化石墨烯二次改性后的芳纶纤维H抽出力提高效果最佳,从18.192 MPa提高到48.748 MPa,芳纶纤维与丁腈橡胶的界面结合力得到了显著提升,从而证实了硅烷偶联剂和氧化石墨烯二次改性芳纶纤维的有效性,为橡胶基芳纶纤维复合材料性能的研究提供了参考。     

氧化石墨烯改性玄武岩纤维及其增强环氧树脂复合材料性能

为了改善玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,通过偶联剂对氧化石墨烯进行改性,并将改性后的氧化石墨烯引入到上浆剂中对玄武岩纤维进行表面涂覆改性,同时制备了氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料.采用FTIR表征了氧化石墨烯的改性效果;运用SEM分析了改性上浆剂处理对玄武岩纤维表面及复合材料断口形貌的影响和作用机制.结果表明:偶联剂成功接枝到氧化石墨烯表面;玄武岩纤维经氧化石墨烯改性的上浆剂处理后,表面粗糙度及活性官能团含量增加,氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂界面处的机械齿合作用及化学键合作用增强,界面黏结强度得到改善,玄武岩纤维的断裂强力提高了30.8%,氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度提高了10.6%.     

蓝宝石衬底上石墨烯的制备研究

开展了化学气相沉积(CVD)法在蓝宝石衬底上直接生长石墨烯的制备研究和模拟研究,研究衬底表面形貌和生长温度对石墨烯的影响。运用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等对石墨烯生长开展了微结构研究。模拟研究发现,氢气对衬底表面形貌具有重要影响,在H原子的作用下Al—O键被拉长了51.42%,近乎断裂,因而对蓝宝石衬底的表面粗糙度产生影响。实验发现H_2对蓝宝石衬底有刻蚀作用,刻蚀后的蓝宝石衬底表面粗糙度Ra变大,不易于石墨烯生长。随着生长温度的升高,生长的石墨烯质量也逐渐变好。     

三维石墨烯基B-N-Fe/Co-G材料的制备及其氧还原催化性能研究

采用脲、硼酸、硝酸铁、硝酸钴分别作为N、B、Fe、Co源,与GO(氧化石墨烯)通过快速冷冻干燥与热解法,制得了三维石墨烯基B-N-Fe/Co-G催化材料,并对其结构和性能进行了测试和表征,研究其氧还原的活性物质与活性点。透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果显示,所制得掺杂石墨烯表面褶皱呈三维孔洞结构,掺杂原子N、B、Fe、Co均匀掺杂于石墨烯中。通过循环伏安法(CV)、线性扫描伏安法(LSV)等手段对三维石墨烯基B-N-Fe/Co-G催化材料进行电化学性能测试,结果表明:B-N-Fe/Co-G在0.1 mol/L的 KOH碱性电解质中有较高的氧还原(ORR)催化活性,起始电位在1.0 V左右,为4电子转移,相比质量分数20%的商用Pt/C催化剂有更好的电化学稳定性。     

氧化石墨烯表面稀土改性机理

石墨烯独特的物理、化学和力学性能为复合材料的开发奠定了重要基础,是各种复合材料的理想增强体,但石墨烯分散性和湿润性差的问题严重限制了其在复合材料中的进一步应用。采用浸润法和加热改性剂法制备了稀土改性氧化石墨烯(RE-M-GO),利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能谱仪(EDS)对RE-M-GO的形貌和相结构进行表征;并结合傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和紫外光谱仪器(UV),分析改性氧化石墨烯的官能团结构的变化,探讨其改性机理。结果表明:稀土改性的氧化石墨烯的分散性有明显的改善,主要是由于稀土元素与氧化石墨烯的含氧官能团进行反应形成配位键,生成了新的官能团,降低了氧化石墨烯的界面能及表面能,从而改善了氧化石墨烯的分散性。     

稀土改性氧化石墨烯的制备及表征

石墨烯独特的物理、化学和力学性能为复合材料的开发奠定了重要基础,是各种复合材料的理想增强体,但石墨烯分散性和湿润性差的问题严重限制了其在复合材料中的进一步应用。采用浸润法和加热改性剂法制备了稀土改性氧化石墨烯(RE-M-GO),利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能谱仪(EDS)对RE-M-GO的形貌和相结构进行了表征;并结合傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)和紫外光谱仪器(UV),分析了改性氧化石墨烯的官能团结构的变化,探讨了其改性机理。结果表明,稀土改性的氧化石墨烯的分散性有明显的改善,主要是由于稀土元素与氧化石墨烯的含氧官能团进行反应形成配位键,生成了新的官能团,降低了氧化石墨烯的界面能及表面能,从而改善了氧化石墨烯的分散性。     

Li吸附对石墨烯、BC_3、C_3N电学性质影响的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法,对Li在未掺杂和B(N)掺杂浓度为25%(原子分数)的石墨烯表面最稳定位置的吸附进行了结构优化,计算了本征石墨烯及B(N)掺杂石墨烯吸附Li前后的能带结构、态密度、电荷转移、差分电荷密度和结合能。计算结果表明,B掺杂浓度为25%(原子分数)时可显著提高石墨烯的Li吸附能,N掺杂浓度为25%(原子分数)时减弱了石墨烯的Li吸附能。吸附Li后的石墨烯、BC3和C3N体系均显示出金属性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.