聚合物静电纺丝技术在催化材料制备中的应用研究进展

聚合物在溶液中或熔融状态下利用静电纺丝技术可以制备连续的纳米纤维。利用溶胶转化法、同轴电纺法、功能复合法等静电纺丝制备技术和后处理方法可以容易地实现多种催化剂在纳米尺寸上的掺杂和共混,制备纤维膜复合材料。纳米纤维催化复合材料具有催化活性高、稳定性好、协同效应明显等优点。文中对高压静电纺丝技术及其在催化材料中的应用国内外的研究进行综述。     

静电纺纳米纤维用于过滤介质的研究现状

静电纺丝技术能便捷地制备连续性纳米纤维,为高效过滤提供了新的过滤介质.介绍了静电纺纳米纤维用于过滤介质所需要的结构与性能的表征,详细总结了静电纺纳米纤维用于液体过滤和气体过滤的研究现状,并在此基础上展望了静电纺纳米纤维用于过滤介质的开发趋势.     

静电纺丝技术制备纤维的研究

静电纺丝技术是目前制备直径几十纳米至几微米聚合物纤维的主要方法之一,本文简述了静电纺丝法的背景及基本原理,阐述了影响纤维制备的主要因素,介绍了静电纺丝法制备纳米纤维的种类及发展现状,以及在过滤介质材料、电子光学材料、超疏水性材料、生物医用功能材料、增强复合材料等方面的应用,最后对电纺纳米纤维的发展方向进行了展望.     

静电纺纤维素纳米晶体/壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

通过探索纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）添加量对壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇（CS-PVA）基体性能的影响,为静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维的制备提供理论支撑。以CNC、CS和PVA为原料,采用静电纺丝法成功制备不同CNC含量（质量分数）的静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维,并通过SEM、TGA和FTIR等分析手段对CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维的微观结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明：添加CNC后静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维直径变大,表面变粗糙,力学性能和热学性能提高;随着CNC含量的增加,静电纺CNC/CS-PVA纤维的杨氏模量（E）和抗拉强度（σ）先增强后减弱,而外延起始温度继续上升。当CNC含量为3wt%时,静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维力学性能最好,相比于CS-PVA复合纳米纤维,E和σ分别提高了43.9%和24.8%;当CNC含量为20wt%时,静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维直径分布不均匀,可以观察到单根纤维表面存在少量的球状结构物质,同时外延起始温度达到328.83℃;FTIR分析得出,CNC与CS和PVA之间只存在分子间的相互作用而没有发生化学反应;随着溶液的酸性减弱,碱性增强,不同CNC含量的静电纺CNC/CS-PVA复合纳米纤维稳定性逐渐提高,而CNC含量对其稳定性影响不大。     

FeOOH纳米粒子协同聚偏氟乙烯电纺纤维膜插层增强碳纤维复合材料层间断裂韧性

为有效增强碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层压板(CF/EP)的层间断裂韧性,提出了一种纳米粒子协同纳米纤维膜插层改性方法.首先利用喷涂法将针状羟基氧化铁(FeOOH)纳米粒子均匀负载于碳纤维布表面,然后将制得的静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜(PVDF)插入碳纤维布的层间,采用手工铺设-真空热压法制备了改性复合材料层压板PVDF...     

PEI纳米纤维层间增韧碳纤维环氧复合材料性能研究

基于聚醚酰亚胺优越的力学性能和纳米纤维膜高比表面积、高孔隙率的特性,利用气泡静电纺丝工艺制备不同厚度的纳米纤维膜改善碳纤维环氧复合材料的层间韧性。结果发现不同膜厚度增韧的双悬臂梁(DCB)试件的I型层间断裂值(GIC)均有所提高,特别是膜厚为0.058±0.007 mm时,层合板的增韧效果最好,比未增韧试件提高了114.55%。通过复合材料层间断裂界面的SEM照片证实了纳米纤维膜在界面处通过桥联约束效应及钉锚作用有效提高了复合材料的层间断裂韧性。     

纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料的热辐射性能研究

基于静电纺丝技术和逐层自组装技术制备得到了组装层数分别为0、2、4和6的纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料。基于SEM和FT-IR等性能测试与理论计算方法,获得了纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料的结构和热辐射性能。在结构方面,随着TiO_2组装层数的增多,纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料的平均纤维直径增大,TiO_2在组装层中的百分比也增大;在热性能方面,纳米电纺纤维组装TiO_2(2层)后,红外光谱透过率和辐射热导率均显著减小;随着组装TiO_2层数的增多,纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料的辐射热导率得到了进一步的减小,指出了这是由于纳米TiO_2颗粒表现出很强的散射和吸收消光的结果。     

静电纺纳米复合纤维在气体传感器中的应用研究进展

静电纺丝是目前最快速直接制备纳米纤维的方法之一,静电纺纳米纤维因其具有大比表面积、高孔隙率及三维立体结构等优点,在多个领域都具有潜在应用价值,尤其是气体传感器领域。综述了静电纺纳米纤维在气体传感器中的应用现状,并指出了其今后的研究方向。     

静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈基纳米炭纤维及其表面结构表征

通过稳定化、炭化静电纺制的聚丙烯腈(PAN)前驱体纤维制备了直径为100nm～300nm的纳米炭纤维.用扫描电镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、扫描隧道显微镜(STM)及扫描量热分析法(DSC)研究了纳米炭纤维及其前驱体纤维的形貌及结构.结果表明:纳米炭纤维及其前驱体纤维的直径表现为对数正态分布.静电纺制纤维的环化放热峰移向低温,表明静电纺制纤维可在较低的温度下引发环化.由于静电纺制纤维的粗糙表面及在热处理过程中的收缩行为,在纳米炭纤维表面形成了长度为10nm宽度为5nm的凹坑.     

聚砜纳米纤维增韧CFRP的制备及性能

介绍了一种聚砜纳米纤维增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的新方法。无规取向的纳米纤维通过静电纺丝直接将纳米纤维接收于碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸布上,实现增韧复合材料的目的。探讨了混合溶剂(丙酮、DMAC)配比和聚砜纺丝溶液浓度对纳米纤维直径及分布的影响,测试了不同含量的聚砜纳米纤维增韧复合材料的型层间断裂韧性（G_ⅡC）,并同相等含量的聚砜溶剂法膜增韧复合材料性能进行了比较。在聚砜质量分数分别为1%、3%、5%的情况下,纳米纤维增韧复合材料的G_ⅡC分别增加54%、130%、177%,高于溶剂法膜增韧的复合材料。微观结构照片表明,纳米纤维增韧复合材料中,相分离后的聚砜小球贯穿于整个复合材料层间,而且呈现无规取向分布的海岛结构。增韧后复合材料的层间剪切强度（ILSS）都有略微的减小,溶剂法膜增韧后ILSS减小更明显。DMTA试验表明,与溶剂法膜相比较,纳米纤维与环氧树脂基体的相容性更好。      

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.