Ca含量对SiC/Al泡沫复合材料性能和结构的影响

研究了SiC颗粒增强铝基（SiC/Al）复合材料中Ca含量对SiC分散性的影响以及Ca含量对注气法制备的SiC/Al泡沫复合材料的压缩性能和结构的影响。首先,制备不同Ca含量的SiC/Al复合材料,用来制备SiC/Al泡沫复合材料的基本材料,并对不同Ca含量的SiC/Al泡沫复合材料进行压缩实验;然后,利用OM、SEM和XRD研究了SiC/Al复合材料及泡沫结构中Ca含量对SiC分散性的影响。结果表明:Ca的加入会明显影响SiC/Al复合材料中SiC的分布,且存在Ca含量临界值。当Ca含量小于1.5wt%时,SiC在基体中分布较均匀;当Ca含量达到或超过1.5wt%时,熔体中生成一种富含Al、Ca和Si的金属间化合物Ca₂Al₄Si₃,且其体积分数和尺寸随Ca含量的提高而显著增大,SiC集聚在这些金属间化合物区域内及其边界上而影响SiC分布的均匀性。压缩实验表明,SiC/Al泡沫复合材料压缩应力-应变曲线的平台应力和抗压屈服强度随着Ca含量的增加有提高的趋势。相应的SiC/Al泡沫复合材料的胞壁厚度随着Ca含量的提高明显增加,这不仅与金属间化合物的形成提高了熔体黏度相关,更可能是与金属间化合物在熔体中尺寸随Ca含量提高而明显增大相关。      

高温处理后闭孔泡沫铝压缩性能及变形机理

目的 探究温度和孔隙率对闭孔泡沫铝材料压缩力学性能和变形机理的影响。方法 将孔隙率为84.3%～87.3%的泡沫铝试件在温度25～700 ℃内进行加热处理,对处理后的试样开展准静态压缩实验。结果 在准静态压缩条件下,闭孔泡沫铝材料在不同温度加热处理后的压缩应力–应变曲线均经历了3个阶段:弹性阶段、塑性平台阶段和密实阶段。孔隙率从87.3%减小到84.3%时,其弹性模量增大了44.4 MPa,屈服强度增大了0.39 MPa,平台应力增大了0.94 MPa。孔隙率为84.3%的泡沫铝,在25 ℃时,其弹性模量为141.4 MPa、屈服强度为4.25 MPa、平台应力为4.75 MPa;当加热温度为500 ℃时,弹性模量减小到了128.0 MPa、屈服强度减小到了4.22 MPa、平台应力减小到了4.51 MPa。结论 泡沫铝的弹性模量、抗压屈服强度和平台应力均随孔隙率的增加而减小;加热温度低于500 ℃以下时,泡沫铝材料力学性能变化很小,但屈服强度和弹性模量均小幅度降低;在压缩载荷下,泡沫铝的变形破坏模式呈现出先从试件铝基体较薄弱部分产生孔壁塑性变形、孔洞坍塌,并逐渐出现断裂压缩带,直至泡沫铝孔洞完全坍塌密实。     

T6热处理对复式连通双连续相SiC/Al复合材料性能的影响

研究了T6热处理(固溶处理 时效)对复式连通双连续相SiC/A1复合材料的组织和压缩性能的影响.结果表明,经T6热处理后,复合材料基体中第二相共晶硅从粗大的针状变成了细小的粒状,增强了弥散强化效果,时效析出相Mg2Si强化了基体;界面附近的基体中残余应力增大,使复合材料的压缩强度显著提高,材料的弹性模量和塑性稍稍降低.随着固溶时间的延长,复合材料的压缩强度先升高后降低.其影响机制是,随着固溶时间的延长共晶硅扩散充分,球化完全,继而粗化长大,从而提高了弥散强化效果.随着时效时间的延长,材料中的残余应力减小,位错密度降低,时效强化相Mg2Si的强化能力减弱,使复合材料的压缩强度降低.     

Al2O3sf·SiCp/Al复合材料的压缩变形力学行为及机制

对Al2O3sf·SiCp/Al复合材料进行高温及半固态区间压缩变形,观察其微观组织和组成,研究了在高温及半固态温度下的压缩变形力学行为和变形机制.Al2O3sf·SiCp/Al复合材料的流动应力随着压缩温度的提高而下降,随着增强体的体积分数、基体材料强度和应变速率的提高而上升.高温压缩使材料屈服后,由于动态回复抵消了材料的加工硬化,其流动应力值基本上保持不变.在半固态温度区间压缩而液相体积分数较低时,其流动应力的变化规律与高温压缩时相似;液相体积分数较高时,流动应力在材料屈服以后,液相的流出使流动应力下降;液相被挤出到侧表面后,流动应力呈上升趋势.复合材料在半固态区间压缩时具有应变速率敏感性.     

SiCw/Al复合材料基体屈服强度的X射线测量

根据X射线应力测量原理建立复合材料基体屈服强度的试验方法，测量压铸态20vol%SiCw/Al复合材料中基体实际屈服强度，结果表明，复合材料中基体屈服强度明显高于单一基体材料，高位错密度及细小亚昌粒是复合材料基体强化的主要原因。     

PP/POE/SGF三元复合泡沫体的压缩吸能特性研究

在准静态单向压缩条件下,测试和分析了聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(POE)/短玻璃纤维(SGF)三元泡沫复合材料的压缩性能,考察了SGF的质量分数对压缩弹性模量、屈服强度和能量吸收特性的影响.结果表明:PP/POE/SGF泡沫复合材料的压缩应力-应变曲线具有典型的弹性变形、屈服平台和致密化三个阶段;适量SGF的引入提高了压缩弹性模量、屈服强度和吸能能力,而在研究的范围内,较高含量(20%以上)的SGF才能提高泡沫复合材料的吸能效率,其增强效果不如吸能能力明显.     

SiC晶须对SiCw/6061Al复合材料拉伸和压缩变形行为的影响

通过试验研究了SiCw/6061Al复合材料和6061Al基体的拉伸和压缩变形行为.结果表明,SiCw/6061Al复合材料和6061Al的拉伸变形行为相同,而压缩变形曲线上出现应力峰,这与不同应力状态下SiC晶须的转动有关.拉伸时SiC晶须逐渐转向与外力平行方向使SiCw/6061Al复合材料的应力增大,而压缩时SiC晶须转向与外力垂直方向使其应力减小,而不是由动态再结晶引起.     

激光选区熔化纳米SiC/AlSi7Mg复合材料微观组织及力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用机械混合法制备纳米SiC/AlSi7Mg混合粉末,利用激光选区熔化技术(selective laser melting,SLM)成形纳米SiC颗粒增强AlSi7Mg复合材料,观察和分析试样的相对密度、物相和微观组织,并测试材料的硬度和拉伸性能。结果表明:SLM成形纳米SiC/AlSi7Mg复合材料试样的相对密度随着扫描速度和扫描间距的增大均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,相对密度最高可达99.75%;试样微观组织与SLM成形铝合金相似,Si相呈网状结构均匀嵌入α-Al基体中,且在Al基体中存在与Si分布相似的纳米SiC团聚物及Mg_(2)Si相;与AlSi7Mg相比,复合材料微观组织由柱状晶转化为等轴晶,且晶粒明显细化(平均晶粒尺寸为1.36μm);由于SiC的加入,产生细晶强化和固溶强化,试样的硬度和强度均明显提高,硬度最高达到137.3HV,抗拉强度达到448.3 MPa,屈服强度达到334.7 MPa,但伸长率下降至3.9%,断裂模式主要为脆性断裂。     

SiC泡沫陶瓷/Fe基双连续相复合材料的制备和性能

将SiC泡沫陶瓷氧化,用挤压铸造法制备SiC泡沫陶瓷/Fe基双连续相复合材料并对其退火,研究了制备工艺和SiC泡沫陶瓷的体积分数对其微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在1250℃氧化48 h后在SiC泡沫陶瓷表面生成了厚度为1 mm的SiO2反应阻挡层。在双连续相复合材料的制备过程中,SiO2反应阻挡层抑制Fe与SiC的化学反应,避免了脆性化合物Fe3Si的生成,改善了基体与增强体的界面,使复合材料的抗弯强度提高2倍,压缩强度提高18%。当SiC泡沫陶瓷的氧化时间增至72 h时,SiC泡沫陶瓷表面SiO2的厚度过大。SiO2与基体和增强体热膨胀系数不匹配,使复合材料内相界面间的残余应力增加,导致其性能下降。将SiC泡沫陶瓷/Fe基双连续相复合材料在600℃退火4 h,可降低复合材料中的残余应力,提高复合材料的性能。SiC的体积分数较低时,金属基体的桥接、偏转裂纹的作用比较大,复合材料的弯曲强度高,变形程度大。随着复合材料中SiC体积分数的增大,SiC骨架筋增粗,其承载能力加强,复合材料的压缩强度呈提高的趋势。     

固溶时效对Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4复合材料力学性能和微观形貌的影响

以6092铝合金（Al6092）为金属基体,碳化硅（SiCp）和β-锂霞石（β-LiAlSiO4）作为陶瓷颗粒增强相,采用粉末锻造工艺制备Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4复合材料。探究固溶时效处理对Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4复合材料力学性能的影响,揭示固溶时效处理对复合材料微观结构、析出相和位错的强化机制。结果表明,固溶时效处理能提高Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4复合材料的刚度和强度,还能促进试样中高位错密度区和Mg2Si析出相的产生,提高复合材料塑性变形所需的应力。此外,微米级SiCp的高模量特性可以自发地承载载荷,β-LiAlSiO4的引入则促进了增强相的分散。总之,固溶时效处理和二元陶瓷颗粒增强相可以共同提高Al6092的抗变形能力。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.