Optical time-domain reflectometry measurements in a 4 km fibre ring laser

The first experimental Rayleigh backscatter measurements in a passively modelocked fibre ring laser are reported. The Rayleigh backscatter data were used to identify and estimate splice losses as well as the back reflection of the intracavity optical isolator.<>     

Distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) to single-mode fiber coupling module with optical isolator for high bit rate modulation

A distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) module for single-mode fiber coupling is described in the 1.5-μm wavelength region. An optical isolator is constructed in the two lens coupling circuit to stabilize the DFB-LD characteristics. It consists of a DFB-LD as a polarizer, a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) plate and an analyzer. Coupling characteristics and attainable isolation of the proposed circuit have been studied theoretically and experimentally. The effect of reflected light on the DFB-LD characteristics such as relative intensity noise (RIN) and oscillation spectrum has been experimentally investigated taking into account the polarization of the reflected light. It has been clarified that the DFB-LD can function as an effective polarizer with an extinction ratio of more than 20 dB. The DFB-LD module was successfully fabricated to have stable spectrum characteristics and to sufficiently suppress the noise caused by reflections. It has been confirmed by a long haul transmission experiment that this module is applicable to large capacity optical fiber transmission systems.     

一种新型偏振相关磁光隔离器的设计

该文介绍了一种新型的光纤型法拉第磁光隔离器设计方法,利用液相外延制备的单晶石榴石(BiTm)3(GaFe)5O12膜作为法拉第转子,通过对光路结构的改进设计,有效降低了光隔离器体积和所需饱和外场。当外磁场H=47×103 A/m时,法拉第旋角可达到45°@1 550 nm,光吸收系数为15 cm-1 @1 550 nm,光透射率为85%@1 550 nm,整体满足设计要求。     

A new Faraday rotator using a thick Gd:YIG film grown by liquid-phase epitaxy and its applications to an optical isolator and optical switch

A new Faraday rotator using a thick garnet film grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) has been proposed and film growth technology for the rotator has been investigated. The new Faraday rotator had good features of very low cost and small size, due to high productivity of the LPE-grown film and low magnetic saturation field, respectively. By using the new Faraday rotator, an optical isolator and magnetooptic switch for single-mode fiber systems have been developed. The optical isolator featured 0.8-dB insertion loss and 25-dB isolation at 1.3-μm wavelength. The magneto-optic 1 × 2 switch was independent of light polarization and featured 1.3-1.7-dB insertion loss, -25-dB crosstalk, and 30-μs switching time at 1.3-μm wavelength. Minimum switching voltage was ±5 V. Magneto-optic devices using the new Faraday rotator is practical for use in1.2-1.7-mum wavelength fiber-optic systems, because of good optical properties, compactness, and low cost.     

一种可免用光隔离器的抗反射同轴激光器TO-CAN

文章提出了一种不用光隔离器即可提高器件抗反射性能的抗反射同轴激光器TO-CAN(晶体管外形封装), 该TO-CAN集成了半导体激光器的电/光信号转换功能和抗反射功能,采用现有的贴片工艺和粘胶工艺,通过在底座TO-Header(晶体管外形头)上面安装激光器芯片、偏振片和λ/4波片而制成,理论分析和实验结果都验证了该方案的有效性和实用性.     

液晶在光隔离技术中的应用研究

利用手性液晶的Bragg选择反射特性,理论分析了液晶在光隔离技术中的应用可能性.实验结果证实,液晶光隔离器对单色光具有较好的光隔离特性(光隔离度＝13dB)和较高的正向透过率(插入损耗＝1dB),在大口径光隔离器的制造上具有重要的应用价值.     

磁光石榴石薄膜的光吸收系数

分析了引起磁光石榴石薄膜光衰减的各种因素,导出了光吸收系数α和光散射系数γ的表达式。采用磁光调制比较法测量了(BiTm)_3(FeGa)_5O_(12)薄膜的α、γ值。与通常方法相比,这种方法不仅消除了衬底吸收,薄膜-衬底界面反射对测量α值的影响,而且可以将γ与α分离开来,从而使得到的α值比较接近于真值。     

Over-10 mw broadband pr/sup 3+/:ZBLAN-fibre light source at 635 nm pumped by GaN LD

Broadband visible fibre light sources are a promising candidate for many applications, such as fluorescence microscopy, precision interferometry and visible optics testing. These applications require an output greater than a few milliwatts, but the low efficiency of an upconversion fibre ASE light source limits its optical output power to less than 5 mW. To improve the efficiency, co-doping with an active dopant (e.g. Yb/sup 3+/) was used to serve as a pump sensitiser. Recently, the GaN blue laser diode (LD) has been considered as a next-generation pumping source since Weichmann et al. built and demonstrated the use of a 635 nm fibre laser pumped by a GaN LD [1]. However, the fibre output spectra of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and the emission intensity of both a PDF and a PYDF pumped by a GaN blue LD have not been reported.     

Analysis and design of a novel leaky YIG film guided wave opticalisolator

A guided wave optical isolator using a four layered leaky yttrium iron garnet (YIG) waveguide with a YIG guiding layer is proposed and analyzed through a transfer matrix formulation. The dependence of isolation characteristics on different waveguide parameters are discussed. It is shown that for four layered structures an isolation ratio of about 24 dB can be achieved with YIG films having large gyrotropy. It is also shown that by replacing the single guiding YIG film with multilayers of YIG with compensated walls and proper permittivity, high isolation ratio can be achieved even with currently available YIG films having low gyrotropy     

140Mb/s混合集成光发射机

研制了一种混合集成140Mb/s单模半导体激光器发射机。该发射机由高速缓冲整形放大、LD驱动功能模块、LDAPC——LD自动功率控制功能模块、LDATC——LD自动温度控制功能模块,LD保护及寿命,信号终断告警功能模块和调顶功能模块所构成。发射机调制出纤光功率为-6dBm～-3dBm、消光比≤10％,在0～45℃范围内光功率变化在±1dB以内。该发射机和本所同时研制的混合集成光接收机配套,构成了目前140Mb/sPCM数字光端机的全新产品。     

Single-mode optical isolator at 1.3 ?m using all-fibre components

An optical isolator for use at 1.32 ?m has been fabricated using standard communication-grade single-mode fibre as an optical rotator fitted with high-birefringence fibre pigtails containing an in-line tapered fibre polariser. A novel adjustment procedure ensures isolation levels are limited only by the polariser extinction ratio. Isolation levels in excess of 21 dB have been recorded with an insertion loss of less than 3 dB.     

Fiber-embedded in-line isolator

A fiber-embedded optical isolator with a low forward loss has been developed. The isolator consists of thermally diffused expanded core fibers, laminated polarizers, and a Faraday rotation garnet. Backward and forward losses at 1.3 μm wavelength are 44.0 and 0.9 dB, respectively. The isolator has a minute size, and its alignment is simple     

Fibre-embedded optical isolator

A fibre-embedded optical isolator without a lens element is proposed and fabricated. The isolator consists of beam-expanding fibres, laminated polarisers and a Faraday rotation garnet. Backward and forward losses at 1.3 mu m wavelength are 36.9 and 1.6 dB, respectively.<>     

一种用于DWDM系统的薄膜型微小偏振分束器

讨论了一种用于DWDM系统中的光开关、偏振无关隔离器等单元器件中的微小薄膜型偏振分束器制造的关键技术.光学膜层采用数学多重优化设计方法;采用Monte Carlo允差分析原理分析膜层的容差,以便选择更易制备的膜系;计算膜层的Macleod极值灵敏度,得到所选膜系各个膜层的误差要求;模拟光学监控过程,以制定相应的膜厚监控策略.设计了实用的棱镜胶合装置,得到了较高技术指标的PBS棱镜.结果表明,棱镜的光学冷加工,是器件制造的基础;光学薄膜的设计与制备是器件制造的关键,也是难点;棱镜的胶合是器件不可忽视的环节.     

A compact optical isolator with a plano-convex YIG lens forlaser-to-fiber coupling

An optical isolator for laser-to-single-mode fiber coupling is discussed. The coupling unit consists of a confocal two-lens system with a spherical glass lens and a planoconvex lens which is made of yttrium iron garnet (YIG). To minimize the number of elements, the YIG lens is used as a Faraday rotator as well as a coupling lens. Nevertheless, the planoconvex YIG lens satisfies the requirements of high coupling efficiency, high isolation, and low optical feedback from the Faraday rotator. The arrangement is theoretically and experimentally investigated. At a coupling efficiency of 34%, the total optical feedback into the laser diode was measured to be about -60 dB     

Magnetooptical waveguides with polarization-independentnonreciprocal phase shift

Magnetooptical waveguides having nonreciprocal phase shift for both TE and TM modes can be prepared by properly adjusting the spatial variation of the Faraday rotation. Such waveguides are attractive to realize optical isolators. We investigate four concepts of magnetooptical waveguides which yield equal nonreciprocal phase shifts for the fundamental TE and TM modes. A polarization-independent Mach-Zehnder-type integrated optical isolator is presented. All the calculations are performed using material parameters typical for garnet films     

A DFB-LD module integrated with 60 dB optical isolator for coherentlightwave transmission systems

The coupling efficiency between the distributed feedback-laser diode (DFB-LD) chip is presented and the single-mode fiber is as high as -5.7 dB (27%) including the insertion loss of the isolator. The spectral linewidth measurement using the self-delayed heterodyne method shows 26 MHz under the condition of IF=I_th+50 mA. No changes in the DFB-LD chip properties are observed after packaging. The comparison to another DFB-LD module with a 30-dB isolator confirms the immunity of the spectrum against -14-dB Fresnel reflection. The results show that the DFB-LD module is sufficiently stable to be applied to the coherent lightwave transmission systems     

Power penalty due to optical back reflection in semiconductoroptical amplifier repeater systems

The effect of optical back-reflection on the bit-error-rate performance of a semiconductor laser amplifier repeater system is evaluated at 565 Mb/s. It is found that the degradation of the back-reflection is mainly caused by multiple reflection in the amplifier and depends on the internal gain of the optical amplifier and the reflectivity of the reflection points. It is concluded that in optical amplifier repeater systems with large gain, an optical isolator should be used to reduce the back-reflection penalty     

Monolithic Integration of a Waveguide Optical Isolator With a Distributed Feedback Laser Diode in the 1.5- μm Wavelength Range

We present first monolithic integration of a waveguide optical isolator with a distributed feedback laser diode (DFB LD) in the 1.5-mum wavelength range. The integrated devices are composed of 0.25-mm-long index-coupled DFB LDs and 0.75-mm-long semiconductor active waveguide optical isolators. The semiconductor active waveguide optical isolators are based on the nonreciprocal loss in the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) waveguides with ferromagnetic metals (Fe). The fabrication process consists of two steps of metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy to grow the DFB LD/SOA layer structures, one dry-etching process for the waveguide stripe formation, and three steps of electron-beam evaporation for the electrodes and ferromagnetic metals deposition. They showed single-mode emission at 1543.8nm and 4-dB optical isolation under a magnetic field of 0.1 T.     

Nonreciprocal Propagation Characteristics of YIG Thin Film

The characteristics of an optical nonreciprocal phase shifter, with which optical circulators can be constructed, are investigated. We have measured the nonreciprocal phase shift of an appropriately magnetized yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin film and thus confirmed experimentally that an AIR/YIG/GGG structure can function as an optical nonreciprocal phase shifter.