基于材料与结构的介电弹性体驱动性能优化研究进展

针对介电弹性体驱动性能的优化问题，详细综述了降低弹性模量和介电损耗以及提高介电常数及电击穿场强的原理和方法，并列举讨论了最新研究成果和进展；介绍了基于叠层技术的超薄多层介电弹性体、复合纤维增强的各向异性介电弹性体、柔性电极图案化和空间布局等改进工艺及结构设计；综述并总结了各项技术的最新研究进展和代表性成果，展望了介电弹性体驱动性能的优化发展趋势。     

基于介电弹性体的驱动器研究进展

针对目前介电弹性体驱动器成本高、能量转换效率低等问题,简要介绍了介电弹性体发电的基本原理及拉伸模式的研究进展,总结了国内外不同基于介电弹性体驱动器的构型研究进展,对不同类型的驱动器特点及适用场合进行了分析,并对它们的性能特征、加工技术和潜在应用等方面进行了讨论。最后阐述了当前介电弹性体驱动器研究方面亟待解决的问题,并对进一步解决上述问题提出了建议。     

一种溴化丁基橡胶介电弹性体复合材料及其制备方法

授权公告号:CN 105602133B授权公告日:2017年12月22日专利权人:北京石油化工学院发明人:郭文莉、阮梦楠、杨丹等本发明公开了一种溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)介电弹性体复合材料及其制备方法。其制备方法为:将100份BIIR、10~50份高介电陶瓷填料、10~50份极性增塑剂、1.5~9份硫化助剂在20~60℃下混炼均匀,下片。混炼胶在室温下停放7~16 h,在平板硫化机上硫化,制得BIIR介电弹性体复合材     

介电弹性体驱动器在柔性机器人中的研究进展

简要介绍了用于介电弹性体驱动器的不同种类材料，总结了国内外介电弹性体驱动器的不同构型研究进展，详细阐述了介电弹性体驱动器在柔性机器人领域中的应用进展。此外，还指出了在实际应用中仍然存在的问题，并展望了未来的研究前景。     

电致变形硅橡胶的制备及其性能

采用溶液共混法制备硅橡胶薄膜,改变反应物配比、固化时间和固化温度,得到了不同参数的薄膜。利用电致激发装置对获得的薄膜进行电激发,研究了其电致变形性能,并与丙烯酸树脂类介电弹性体材料进行了对比。结果表明:当硅橡胶AB组分质量比为1∶1时,缩短固化时间,得到的硅橡胶薄膜电致激发的变形效果最佳。     

介电弹性体智能材料的研究进展

介电弹性体作为一种新型电活性聚合物,能在电场作用下产生较大驱动力与驱动变形,具有弹性能量密度高、高效和应变响应速度快等优点,广泛用于人工肌肉、微型驱动器、机器人和消音减振系统等领域。从聚合物/陶瓷和聚合物/导电相2相复合材料以及陶瓷/导电相/聚合物3相复合材料方面介绍了目前介电弹性体的研究现状和存在问题,并指出了介电弹性体今后的发展方向。     

硅橡胶介电弹性体在能量收集领域的研究进展

硅橡胶介电弹性体是一种新型电活性高分子材料,在航天航空、智能仿生、生物医学、机械等领域有广泛应用.近年来,其能量收集特性逐渐受到学者们的关注.从硅橡胶介电弹性体在能量收集领域的基础性研究和应用研究入手,综述了其研究进展.     

软硬段配比对聚醚-MDI型聚氨酯弹性体力学性能及环境耐受性影响

为研究软硬段配比对聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能及其环境耐受性影响研究,选择了聚醚-二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯（MDI）型聚氨酯弹性体为研究对象,通过对其软硬段配方的调整制备了系列聚氨酯弹性体,同时对包含力学性能在内的综合环境耐受性进行了研究,为应用于极端工况下的聚氨酯介电弹性体的基体优选提供参考。     

聚烯烃热塑性弹性体材料的结构与性能

文中介绍了以HPPE与含第三单体ENB、DCPD的各种EPDM为基础，含有结构助剂（DCP、硫黄、DM）的4个系列热塑性弹性体材料：A系列TEM、B系列TEM、C系列TEM、E系列介电型TEM的制造方法和性能。以及TEM各组分对其机械特性（弹性模量、强度、伸长率）及介电特性的影响。     

一种高介电常数SBS弹性体复合材料及其制备方法

<正>广东石油化工学院开发出一种高介电常数SBS弹性体复合材料及其制备方法。它是以SBS为基体材料,以纳米石墨片为介电增强功能填料,依次经溶液共混、流延成膜、叠层热压成型后制备获得,其中纳米石墨片占复合材料总体积的0.42%~1.52%。该制备工艺简单且成型方便,所制备的柔性高介电常数弹性体复合材料具有较高的介电常数与较好的柔韧性,适用于制备传感器、触发器、人工肌肉等领域。     

Deep eutectic solvent inclusions for high-k composite dielectric elastomers

Recent advances in novel electroactive devices have placed new requirements on material development. High-performance dielectric elastomers with good mechanical stretchability and high dielectric constant are under high demand. However, the current strategy for fabricating these materials suffers from high cost or low thermal stability, which greatly hinders large-scale industrial production. Herein, we have successfully developed a novel strategy for improving the dielectric constant of polymeric elastomers via deep eutectic solvent inclusion by taking advantage of the low cost, convenient and environmentally benign synthesis process and high ionic conductivity from deep eutectic solvents. The as-prepared composite elastomers showed good stretchability and a greatly enhanced dielectric constant with a negligible increase in dielectric dissipation. Moreover, we have proven the universality of our strategy by using different types of deep eutectic solvents. It is believed that low-cost, easy-synthesis and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents including composite elastomers are highly suitable for large-scale industrial production and can greatly broaden the application fields of dielectric elastomers.     

聚氨酯弹性体电致伸缩性能研究

以聚(己二酸-丁二醇-新戊二醇)酯二元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇和三羟甲基丙烷为原料,经聚合得到了一系列聚氨酯弹性体。利用LCR阻抗分析仪研究了所得聚氨酯弹性体的介电性能。在1kHz频率下聚氨酯弹性体的相对介电常数为7左右,相对介电常数随测试频率的增加而降低。采用数字散斑相关测量方法研究了聚氨酯弹性体在电场诱导下的应变─电致伸缩响应之间的关系。结果表明,聚氨酯弹性体在外加高压电场的作用下,随着高压电源的开合,其应变也随之呈现出相应的收缩与回复,其电致伸缩系数随聚氨酯弹性体密度的增加及相对介电常数的减小而降低。     

Enhancement of the actuation performance of dielectric triblock copolymers modified with additives

To enhance actuation performance without prestrain, an elastomeric acrylic triblock copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate), was modified with two kinds of additives, oligomeric poly(n‐butyl acrylate) and the plasticizer dibutyl sebacate. An actuator modified with those additives showed about 6% strain, whereas the unmodified actuator showed only 1% strain for the same applied electric field without prestrain. In addition, actuation was attained at lower critical electric field strength (625 and 1000 V mm^?1 for modified and unmodified actuators, respectively). Upon increasing the amounts of the additives, the electrically induced actuation velocity and degree of deformation increased. These results are explained by the dielectric and mechanical properties of the elastomers. The dielectric constants for elastomers modified with dibutyl sebacate were larger than those for elastomers modified with oligomeric poly(n‐butyl acrylate). The initial tensile stresses of both of the modified elastomers were much smaller than that of unmodified elastomer. The results provide a route to enhancing actuation performance of dielectric elastomers without prestrain. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Electro-thermal and -mechanical model of thermal breakdown in multilayered dielectric elastomers

Multiple breakdown phenomena may take place when operating dielectric elastomers. Thermal breakdown, which occurs due to Joule heating, becomes of special importance when using multilayered stacks of dielectric elastomers, due to the large volume-to-surface-area-ratio. In this article, a 2D axisymmetric finite-element model of a multilayered stack of dielectric elastomers is set up in COMSOL Multiphysics®. Both the electro-thermal and electro-mechanical couplings are considered, allowing for determination of the onset of thermal breakdown. Simulation results show that an entrapped particle in the dielectric elastomer drastically reduces the possible number of layers in the stack. Furthermore, the possible number of layers is greatly affected by the ambient temperature and the applied voltage. The performance of three hyperelastic material models for modeling the elastomer deformation are compared, and it is established that the Gent model yields the most restrictive prediction of breakdown point, while the Ogden model yields the least restrictive estimation.     

Improvement of actuation performance of dielectric elastomers by barium titanate and carbon black fillers

Dielectric elastomers are promising materials for actuators resembling human muscle. Among elastomers, acrylic rubbers (ACM) have shown good actuation performance but its use is limited by the high operating voltages required. The present work demonstrates that simultaneous incorporation of nanostructured carbon black and dielectric fillers offers an increase in a dielectric permittivity and a suitable modulus of the elastomers matrix, enabling an improved electro‐mechanical actuation performance at low voltages. By the use of reinforcing carbon black and barium titanate in an acrylic elastomer matrix a sixfold increase in the dielectric permittivity was realized. A fine tuning of the actuation stress and, consequently, actuation strain can be done by a judicial selection of the different filler concentrations in the soft rubber matrix. Finally, a synergistic effect of the fillers was observed in the improved actuation performance of the developed materials. This work may pave the way to design dielectric elastomers for actuator fabrication. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44116.     

Effects of metal oxides on the dielectric and mechanical properties of silicone rubber composites

Polysiloxane dielectric elastomers have garnered a considerable deal of attention over the last decade due to their potential as electroactive soft materials. However, the intrinsic low dielectric constant of polysiloxanes has proven a serious limitation in their practical use. In this work, we controlled the dielectric properties of silicone rubber composites by changing the type and content of oxide fillers. The silicone-based dielectric elastomers with a high dielectric constant (5.21@1 kHz), low modulus (1.62 MPa), and high elongation (1100%) were successfully obtained. The effects of different types of metal oxides on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties of the prepared composites are further explored. Due to their excellent comprehensive features, these types of materials are expected to be applied in capacitive sensors, actuators, generators, and beyond.     

低介电损耗环氧树脂复合材料的研究进展

物联网（IoT）和第五代移动通信技术（5G技术）的飞速发展，对封装材料和元器件基材的介电性能提出了更高的要求，开发具备低介电常数以及低介电损耗的环氧树脂（EP）成为重要的研究方向。本文从原料、固化条件、填料、共混共聚和层状复合等几个方面对制备低介电损耗环氧复合材料的方法进行了综述，同时简要分析了各种研究方案获得低介电损耗的主要原因，最后例举了低介电环氧树脂目前仍存在的一些问题，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Glycerol as high‐permittivity liquid filler in dielectric silicone elastomers

A recently reported novel class of elastomers was tested with respect to its dielectric properties. The new elastomer material is based on a commercially available poly(dimethylsiloxane) composition, which has been modified by embedding glycerol droplets into its matrix. The approach has two major advantages that make the material useful in a dielectric actuator. First, the glycerol droplets efficiently enhance the dielectric constant, which can reach astonishingly high values in the composite. Second, the liquid filler also acts as a softener that effectively decreases the elastic modulus of the composite. In combination with very low cost and easy preparation, the two property enhancements lead to an extremely attractive dielectric elastomer material. Experimental permittivity data are compared to various theoretical models that predict relative permittivity changes as a function of filler loading, and the applicability of the models is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44153.     

Electro-Thermal model of thermal breakdown in multilayered dielectric elastomers

Energy transduction of dielectric elastomers involves minute electrical and mechanical losses, both of which potentially increase the temperature within the elastomer. Thermal breakdown of dielectric elastomers occur when heat generated therein cannot be balanced by heat loss on the surface, which is more likely to occur in stacked dielectric elastomers. In this article an electro-thermal model of a multilayered dielectric elastomer able to predict the possible number of layers in a stack before thermal breakdown occurs is presented. Simulation results show that point of breakdown is greatly affected by an increase in surrounding temperature and applied electric field. Furthermore, if the stack diameter is large, thermal insulation of the cylindrical surface is a valid approximation. Two different expressions for the electrical conductivity are used, and it is concluded that the Frank-Kamenetskii expression is more conservative in prediction of point of breakdown than the Arrhenius expression, except at high surrounding temperature. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 859–864, 2019     

Kinetics of the glass transition of styrene-butadiene-rubber: Dielectric spectroscopy and fast differential scanning calorimetry

The glass transition is relevant for performance definition in rubber products. For extrapolation to high-frequency behavior, time–temperature superposition is usually assumed, although most complex rubber compounds might be outside of its area of validity. Fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC) with cooling rates up to 1500 K/s and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) with frequencies up to 20 MHz are applied here to directly access both kinetics and dynamics of glass formation in a wide frequency range. For the first-time, the relation between the thermal vitrification and the dielectric relaxation is studied on vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber, showing that both cooling rate and frequency dependence of its glass transition can be described by one single Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse equation. The results indicate the validity of the Frenkel-Kobeko-Reiner equation. Another focus is the sample preparation of vulcanized elastomers for FDSC and BDS as well as the temperature calibration below 0°C.