IGBT热疲劳工作对焊料层可靠性的影响

IGBT在实际应用中会频繁处于周期性的高低温循环过程,循环过程中反复作用于IGBT器件的热应力极易在焊料层形成空洞,从而导致器件热阻增大甚至热疲劳失效。通过有限元软件ANSYS建立了两种新的分散空洞模型,在工作功率条件下对比5%到50%中心空洞率及10%到20%分散空洞率模型的热分布并进行模拟分析。结果表明,边缘分散空洞对器件温升影响小于均匀分散空洞和中心空洞,但在温度循环中先于后者出现。空洞率为10%时,边缘分散空洞模型最高温升高了1.6K,与phase11和超声波显微镜实测IGBT器件功率循环5 000次后结果基本一致。     

IGBT二维温度分布及热稳定因子的研究

在已建立的IGBT电学模型基础上,通过解热传导方程,建立了其在热稳定状态下的二维温度分布模型.通过该模型,分析了IGBT在热稳定条件下的的临界条件,以及热稳定因子与温度、热阻、栅压、P阱掺杂浓度的关系.模型结果与二维数值模拟软件MEDICI的模拟结果基本一致.此模型对IGBT工作情况和工艺设计具有一定的参考价值.     

新型辐射桥结构VCSEL的设计、制作和热特性分析

为了改善垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSEL)的热特性,提高器件的输出功率,设计并制作了一种新型辐射桥结构VCSEL。利用有限元热分析软件ANSYS,模拟了常规结构和辐射桥结构VCSEL内部的热场分布和热矢量分布。经模拟得到,常规结构器件的热阻为4.13K/W,辐射桥结构的热阻为2.64K/W。而经实验测得,常规结构器件的热阻为4.40K/W,辐射桥结构器件的热阻为2.93K/W,实验测试结果与模拟结果吻合较好。同时测得,常规结构器件的最大输出功率为305mW,辐射桥结构器件的最大输出功率为430mW,后者的输出功率提高了40%。     

大功率LED封装有限元热分析

介绍了有限元软件在大功率LED封装热分析中的应用,对一种多层陶瓷金属(MLCMP)封装结构的LED进行了热模拟分析,比较了不同热沉材料的散热性能,模拟了输入功率以及强制空气冷却条件对芯片温度的影响.结果表明当达到热稳态平衡时,芯片上的温度最高,透镜顶部表面的温度最低,当输入功率达到3 W时,芯片温度超过了150℃,强制空冷能显著改善器件的散热性能.     

IGBT焊料层中的空洞对器件热可靠性的影响

根据IGBT的基本结构和工作原理,建立了一种新的IGBT三维热模型。该模型考虑了Si材料的温度特性,模拟研究了焊料层空洞对器件热稳定性的影响。研究表明焊料层空洞对IGBT器件的热稳定性有很大的影响。实测结果、超声波显微镜以及红外显微镜的扫描图片证实模拟结果。该研究结果对于改进IGBT器件的可靠性有一定意义,值得器件应用工程师、设计及工艺工程师参考。     

基于ANSYS的功率VDMOS器件的热分析及优化设计

针对TO-220 AB封装形式的功率VDMOS器件,运用有限元法建立器件的三维模型,对功率耗散条件下器件的温度场进行热学模拟和分析,研究了基板厚度、粘结层材料及粘结层厚度对器件温度分布的影响.分析结果表明,由芯片至基板的热通路是器件的主要散热途径.基板最佳厚度介于1～1.2 mm之间,且枯结层的导热系数越大、厚度越薄,越有利于器件的散热.     

影响IGBT器件短路能力的一种栅极振荡现象研究

功率器件IGBT由于其优异特性而广泛应用于电机、电焊机和功率开关等领域,是功率器件的主流产品之一.本文首先介绍了IGBT的短路特性及测试方法和条件,分析了栅极异常振荡对IGBT的短路电流的影响,提出了改善IGBT器件短路能力的方法.     

大功率半导体激光器阵列的稳态和瞬态热行为

大功率半导体激光器的应用日益广泛.随着激光器光功率的不断增加,其结温也在急速上升.激光器结温的升高不仪会导致寿命、斜率效率和功率下降,阈值电流增大,而且会引起波长漂移,光谱展宽等,因此开展半导体激光器热没计和热优化的研究显得越来越重要.用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法对单巴(bar)条CS封装的60 W,808 nm半导体激光器连续工作时的稳态和瞬态热行为进行分析研究,定量确定了半导体激光器的温升及其构成,以及器件的时间常数.此外,还对半导体激光器件做了热优化,并在分析结果的指导下做出了各项性能指标均优良的半导体激光器阵列器件.     

基于电热耦合模型的功率器件结温预测

结温预测对于功率器件的可靠性分析具有重要意义,基于此,提出了一种基于电热耦合模型的功率器件结温预测方法。首先通过Twin Builder软件建立了绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)的行为模型,通过电路仿真的手段获取IGBT的平均功耗为324 W;然后将IGBT的功耗代入有限元仿真模型中得到了IGBT模块温度场分布,最高温度为99.58℃;最后搭建了IGBT模块结温测试平台,将仿真结果与实验数据进行对比,验证温度场计算模型的有效性;并实验对比了IGBT功耗分别为119 W和294 W下的最高结温,得到的温度场计算误差在10%以内,验证了IGBT有限元模型的有效性。     

W波段回旋行波管电子枪热分析

利用有限元软件ANSYS对W波段回旋行波管电子枪进行了热应力分析.在给定热子功率下对阴极组件的温度场分布和热形变分布进行了模拟,并通过实验进行验证.测试的温度分布基本与模拟结果基本一致.最后,利用EGUN软件对电子枪形变前后进行了模拟.     

The injection efficiency controlled IGBT

An IGBT structure in which the anode injection efficiency changes with current density, the injection efficiency controlled IGBT (EEC-IGBT), is proposed. The anode injection efficiency of the IEC-IGBT is controlled via a current sensor inherent in its structure. Anode injection efficiency is strongly enhanced at low device current density and significantly reduced at high device current density. This enables the device to have a low on-state voltage drop (V_on) and superior safe operation area (SOA), making it very suitable for high-power applications. Simulation results based on 3.3 KV DMOS NPT devices indicate the on-state voltage drop of the IEC-IGBT is reduced by 0.6 V (20%) and the short-circuit SOA (SCSOA) is improved by several times compared to the conventional IGBT     

应用于车载变流器的RC-IGBT工作特性

逆导型IGBT (RC-IGBT)是将IGBT功能与续流二极管功能集成在一个芯片上,实现了在相同封装体积下,可获得更大的功率密度,由于IGBT与二极管紧密的移相热耦合,在相同散热条件下,RC-IGBT允许的工作结温更高.同时,RC-IGBT的本征二极管还受到栅极电压控制,通过栅极电压控制策略,可以降低器件损耗,优化系统特性.介绍了RC-IGBT的基本工作原理和二极管退饱和控制特性,研究了RC-IGBT应用于变流器系统的损耗优化控制策略,分析了应用RC-IGBT的单相脉宽调制(PWM)整流器的工作特性与损耗特性.通过一个具体的应用工况运行仿真,分析对比了RC-IGBT和普通IGBT在PWM整流器应用中的损耗特性.结果显示,应用RC-IGBT后总体损耗有所降低,验证了RC-IGBT退饱和脉冲控制的有效性.     

压力对换流阀用压接型IGBT器件功率损耗的影响

功率损耗一直是功率半导体器件应用时备受关注的问题.压接型绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)器件靠外部压力使内部各个组件保持电气和机械连接,因此压力直接或间接地影响着压接型IGBT器件的功率损耗.将压接型IGBT器件工作时产生的结温作为耦合变量引入,基于此建立了IGBT器件应用于调制脉宽(PWM)换流设备时的功率损耗计算模型,并详细分析了影响功率损耗的各种因素,包括机械压力、开关频率等.以换流阀用3 300 V/1 500 A压接型IGBT器件为例,采用有限元法研究了压力对压接型IGBT器件功率损耗的影响,重点探讨了器件内部各芯片功率损耗的变化情况.结果表明,增加压力一定程度上可以降低压接型IGBT器件的功率损耗,改善器件内部芯片结温分布不均的问题.     

Electrothermal simulation of an IGBT PWM inverter

An electrothermal network simulation methodology is used to analyze the behavior of a full-bridge, pulse-width-modulated (PWM), voltage-source inverter, which uses insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) as the switching devices. The electrothermal simulations are performed using the Saber circuit simulator and include control logic circuitry, IGBT gate drivers, the physics-based IGBT electrothermal model, and thermal network component models for the power-device silicon chips, packages, and heat sinks. It is shown that the thermal response of the silicon chip determines the IGBT temperature rise during the device switching cycle. The thermal response of the device TO247 package and silicon chip determines the device temperature rise during a single phase of the 60-Hz sinusoidal output. Also, the thermal response of the heat sink determines the device temperature rise during the system startup and after load-impedance changes. It is also shown that the full electrothermal analysis is required to accurately describe the power losses and circuit efficiency     

The effect of electro-thermal parameters on IGBT junction temperature with the aging of module

This paper presents the effect of the change of electro-thermal parameters on IGBT junction temperature with module aging. Five IGBT modules are subjected to advance power thermal cycling, and IGBT I–V characterization, switching loss, and transient thermal impedance curve are measured every 1000 power thermal cycles. Then, electro-thermal models of IGBT module under power thermal cycles were built by change electro-thermal parameters, and the influence of various parameters of the electro-thermal model on the junction temperature was researched respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that IGBT collector-emitter voltage, switching loss and thermal resistance increase more quickly with the aging process of module. Simulation results indicate that the variations of electro-thermal parameters have crucial influences on the IGBT junction temperature. After 6000 power thermal cycles, the IGBT steady state junction temperature mean and variation are increased 1.97 K and 0.1656 K over its initial value, respectively. The relative temperature rise is 38.10% and relative temperature variation is 15.08% after 6000 power thermal cycles. The rise in switching loss increases both the steady state junction temperature mean and variation. The change of thermal impedance has great influence on the steady state junction temperature mean, but has little effect on steady state junction temperature variation.     

TLM method for thermal investigation of IGBT modules in PWM mode

The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is popularly used in high power, high frequency power-electronic applications such as motor control and inverters. These applications require well designed thermal management system to ensure the protection of IGBTs. Choice simulation tools for accurate prediction of device power dissipation and junction temperature become important in achieving optimised designs.In this paper, thermal analysis of a 1200 A, 3.3 kV IGBT module was investigated and analysed using the three-dimensional transmission line matrix (3D-TLM) method. The results show a three-dimensional visualisation of self-heating phenomena in the device. Since the comparison TLM results with the analytical solutions do not exist for this IGBT module, we use the MSC.NASTRAN tool to find the similar range of the temperatures. Results are compared.Typically, IGBT is used in a three-phase inverter leg where the control signals are generated via PWM scheme so, the prediction of the temperature rise is important in the pulse operation conditions for the IGBT device. A view of the dynamic thermal temperature rise is obtained with 100 W-step pulse dissipation applied at IGBT chips. The temperature rises are calculated using TLM method during the PWM load cycles. Simulations give clear indications of the importance of the spreader material and are helpful in selecting the proper one.TLM has been successful in modelling heat diffusion problems and has proven to be efficient in terms of stability and complex geometry. The three-dimensional results show that method has a considerable potential in power devices thermal analysis and design.     

一种新型IGBT结温计算模型

为进一步研究IGBT电热参数与结温的关系,提出了一种用于计算IGBT结温的改进电热耦合模型。通过温度循环加速老化试验模拟IGBT的老化过程,记录不同老化程度下IGBT的电热参数,直到IGBT失效。根据电模型和热模型建立电热耦合模型,将不同老化程度下的电热参数及模型相结合,得到改进的电热耦合模型。采用单一参数法,研究了不同老化程度下电热参数对结温的影响。利用IGBT的稳态结温数据,得到电热参数对结温的影响度。     

Ageing defect detection on IGBT power modules by artificial training methods based on pattern recognition

The ageing of power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules is mainly related to thermal and thermomechanical constraints applied to the device. This ageing causes degradation of the device performances and defects appearance which can lead to failures. To avoid these failures, the follow-up of the device operation and the detection of an ageing state remain a priority. This paper presents, at first, ageing tests of 1200 V-30 A IGBT module subjected to power cycling with the aim to highlight online and real-time measurable external indicators of ageing. Secondly, these indicators are used to develop a failure diagnosis method. The diagnosis is realized by artificial training methods based on pattern recognition.     

车载IGBT器件封装装片工艺中空洞的失效研究

IGBT芯片在TO-220封装装片时容易形成空洞,焊料层中空洞大小直接影响车载IGBT器件的热阻与散热性能,而这些性能的好坏将直接影响器件的可靠性。文章分析了IGBT器件在TO-220封装装片时所产生的空洞的形成机制,并就IGBT器件TO-220封装模型利用FEA方法建立其热学模型,模拟结果表明:在装片焊料层中空洞含量增加时,热阻会急剧增大而降低IGBT器件的散热性能,IGBT器件温度在单个空洞体积为10%时比没有空洞时高出28.6℃。同时借助工程样品失效分析结果,研究TO-220封装的IGBT器件在经过功率循环后空洞对于IGBT器件性能的影响,最后确立空洞体积单个小于2%,总数小于5%的装片工艺标准。