一种响应型无线传感器网络路由算法

提出一种节能型无线传感器网络路由算法——TEENNEW.该算法利用能量模型确定了最优簇头数,在簇头选取阶段考虑了节点剩余能量;在数据传输阶段,该算法根据距离和能量建立簇头与基站之间的多跳通信路径.与传统的TEEN协议相比,TEENNEW算法延长了网络的生命周期,有效均衡了节点能耗.     

基于TinyOS的无线传感器网络LEACH算法的改进

LEACH协议是无线传感器网络中最流行的分簇路由协议之一.针对LEACH算法簇分布不均匀以及网络能耗不均衡等问题提出了一种高效节能多跳路由算法.在簇建立阶段,新算法根据网络模型计算出最优簇头间距值,调整节点通信半径以控制簇的大小,形成合理网络拓扑结构;在数据传输阶段,簇头与基站之间采用多跳的通信方式,降低了节点能耗.在TinyOS操作系统下,使用nesC语言设计实现了LEACH-EEMH算法.基于TOSSIM平台的仿真结果表明,新算法较LEACH算法在均衡网络能耗、延长网络寿命方面具有显著优势.     

基于数据融合的无线传感器网络路由算法

在分簇协议LEACH和链状协议PEGASIS的基础上,提出一种新的基于数据融合的分簇路由算法.簇首节点采用多跳方式传输数据,并根据周围节点的密集程度构造不同大小的簇;簇内节点计算上行和下行节点构造数据融合树,采用时分复用调度算法进行多跳路由.NS2仿真结果表明该路由算法均衡了各个节点的能量消耗,延长了网络存活时间,并降低了网络延迟.     

WSN中能量有效分簇多跳路由算法

针对现有无线传感器网络(WSN)分簇路由算法存在的能耗不均衡问题,提出一种能量有效分簇多跳路由算法,该算法包括两个方面:一是选举簇首时引入簇内平均剩余能量因子,根据上一轮结束后簇内各节点剩余能量和簇内节点的平均剩余能量的比值更新簇首在所有节点中所占的百分比;二是要求簇首根据MTE多跳路由协议与基站通信,从而均衡WSN整...     

高能量有效性的无线传感器网络 数据收集和路由协议

 提出了一种分布式高效节能的无线传感器网络数据收集和路由协议HEEDC.此协议中传感器节点根据自身状态(综合考虑剩余能量、节点密度等因素计算得出的代价因子)自主的竞争簇首,同时为减少簇首节点的能量开销,簇首之间通过多跳方式将各个簇内收集到的数据发送给特定簇首节点,并由此簇首节点将整个网络收集的数据发送给汇聚节点.仿真实验表明,HEEDC协议比起现有的几种重要路由协议(如LEACH、PEGASIS等),能提供更加有效的能量使用效率,延长无线传感器网络的生存周期.因此,使用HEEDC协议的无线传感器网络具有更好的使用性,其监测结果具有更高的可靠性.     

无线传感器网络中基于扇形的非匀均分簇路由协议

针对无线传感器网络分簇多跳路由协议中靠近基站的簇头节点容易死亡的缺点,提出一种基于扇形的能量匀衡的非匀均分簇路由协议EBUCBS(Energy-Balancing Unequal Clustering Routing Protocol Based on the Sector).EBUCBS协议采用固定分簇方式能减少重复分簇给网络带来的额外能量损失,且靠近基站的簇的规模小于远离基站的簇规模,使靠近基站的簇头有足够的能量转发信息而不容易死亡,均衡了网络能量负载.Matlab仿真实验表明:与LEACH协议、EEUC协议相比EBUCBS协议有效延长了网络生存时间.     

移动无线传感网络簇头多跳路由协议

随着无线传感器网络在移动环境中广泛应用,移动环境下降低能耗成了传感网络研究的热点.通过研究移动环境下的各种路由协议,并结合LEACH协议自身存在的问题,提出了一种支持移动的簇头多跳的路由算法.该协议充分考虑了剩余能量、速度和距离,以及簇头选取和簇的构成方法,提出新的权值函数,从而有效地支持节点移动.仿真结果表明,该协议有效地均衡了节点能耗,提高了能量利用率,延长了网络寿命.     

无线传感器网络能量均衡路由算法

设计了一种能量均衡的路由算法.路由的建立分两个阶段,在簇头建立阶段,让候选节点在覆盖范围内以剩余能量的多少和所处位置为标准来竞选簇头,以使簇头分布均匀,平衡网络覆盖;在通信阶段,根据簇头节点的剩余能量大小和其距离基站的远近,采用多跳的簇间通信方式建立路由,以此来降低簇头节点的通信负载.仿真结果表明该算法能够有效降低网络能耗和延长网络生存时间.     

基于剩余能量和节点度的多跳分簇算法的研究

LEACH协议是第一个在无线传感器网络中提出的分簇路由协议,由于其簇头产生的随机性,产生了一些不足,因此为了均衡整个网络的能耗,延长WSN的生命周期,提出了基于节点剩余能量和节点度的多跳分簇路由协议。其基本思想是在LEACH中加入门限,让剩余能量高且节点度高的节点优先成为簇头,簇头之间采用多跳路由传输机制。仿真结果表明,该协议能够有效地延长网络的生命期。     

基于分环多跳的无线传感网分簇路由算法

为了提高无线传感网在大区域情形下的能量效率,提出了一种分环多跳分簇路由算法RBMC(ring based multi-hop clustering routing algorithm).RBMC算法采用分环的方式实现簇头间的多跳通信,通过在不同环内构建大小不同的簇解决传感器网络中存在的"热点"问题,在不同的簇头选举策略下,能够同时满足节点能量同构及异构两种情形.仿真结果表明,在大区域环境下,分环多跳分簇路由算法能在很大程度上均衡节点能量消耗,延长网络的生命周期.     

Clustering routing protocol based on improved PSO algorithm in WSN

Aiming at the problem that the location distribution of cluster head nodes filtered by wireless sensor network clustering routing protocol was unbalanced and the data transmission path of forwarding nodes was unreasonable,which would increase the energy consumption of nodes and shorten the network life cycle,a clustering routing protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed.In the process of cluster head election,a new fitness function was established by defining the energy factor and position equalization factor of the node,the better candidate cluster head node was evaluated and selected,the position update speed of the candidate cluster head nodes was adjusted by the optimized update learning factor,the local search and speeded up the convergence of the global search was expanded.According to the distance between the forwarding node and the base station,the single-hop or multi-hop transmission mode was adopted,and a multi-hop method was designed based on the minimum spanning tree to select an optimal multi-hop path for the data transmission of the forwarding node.Simulation results show that the clustering routing protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm can elect cluster head nodes and forwarding nodes with more balanced energy and location,which shortened the communication distance of the network.The energy consumption of nodes is lower and more balanced,effectively extending the network life cycle.     

An Improved Fuzzy Unequal Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

This paper introduces IFUC, which is an Improved Fuzzy Unequal Clustering scheme for large scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs).It aims to balance the energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime. Our approach focuses on energy efficient clustering scheme and inter-cluster routing protocol. On the one hand, considering each node’s local information such as energy level, distance to base station and local density, we use fuzzy logic system to determine each node’s chance of becoming cluster head and estimate the cluster head competence radius. On the other hand, we use Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method to construct the energy-aware routing between cluster heads and base station. It reduces and balances the energy consumption of cluster heads and solves the hot spots problem that occurs in multi-hop WSN routing protocol to a large extent. The validation experiment results have indicated that the proposed clustering scheme performs much better than many other methods such as LEACH, CHEF and EEUC.     

Multi-factor and Distributed Clustering Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

One of important issues in wireless sensor networks is how to effectively use the limited node energy to prolong the lifetime of the networks. Clustering is a promising approach in wireless sensor networks, which can increase the network lifetime and scalability. However, in existing clustering algorithms, too heavy burden of cluster heads may lead to rapid death of the sensor nodes. The location of function nodes and the number of the neighbor nodes are also not carefully considered during clustering. In this paper, a multi-factor and distributed clustering routing protocol MFDCRP based on communication nodes is proposed by combining cluster-based routing protocol and multi-hop transmission. Communication nodes are introduced to relay the multi-hop transmission and elect cluster heads in order to ease the overload of cluster heads. The protocol optimizes the election of cluster nodes by combining various factors such as the residual energy of nodes, the distance between cluster heads and the base station, and the number of the neighbor nodes. The local optimal path construction algorithm for multi-hop transmission is also improved. Simulation results show that MFDCRP can effectively save the energy of sensor nodes, balance the network energy distribution, and greatly prolong the network lifetime, compared with the existing protocols.     

一种基于HEED的簇首多跳融合路由算法

无线传感器网络节点的能量有限,如何高效使用能量以延长网络寿命成为研究热点之一。针对HEED协议中簇首与基站直接通信能量消耗过大的问题,根据能耗模型与网络模型,提出一种基于HEED的簇首多跳融合路由算法,并用MATLAB在随机分布的传感器网络区域内进行算法的有效性仿真研究。仿真结果表明,新算法相对于HEED算法有效地延长了网络的生命周期。     

WSNs中基于密钥共享的安全路由

针对无线传感网络的安全路由,提出能效和安全多跳路由(ESMR)。ESMR路由通过密钥共享策略,提高路由防御恶意节点的性能。ESMR路由先依据节点的位置将网络划分不同区(Zone),在每个Zone内,依据邻居节点位置划分多个簇;然后,每个Zone的簇头向基站传输数据,并依据密钥共享策略对数据进行加密。仿真结果表明,相比于同类路由,提出的ESMR在网络寿命、吞吐量、能耗以及端到端时延方面的性能得到有效提高。     

A Genetic‐Algorithm‐Based Optimized Clustering for Energy‐Efficient Routing in MWSN

With the increasing demands for mobile wireless sensor networks in recent years, designing an energy‐efficient clustering and routing protocol has become very important. This paper provides an analytical model to evaluate the power consumption of a mobile sensor node. Based on this, a clustering algorithm is designed to optimize the energy efficiency during cluster head formation. A genetic algorithm technique is employed to find the near‐optimal threshold for residual energy below which a node has to give up its role of being the cluster head. This clustering algorithm along with a hybrid routing concept is applied as the near‐optimal energy‐efficient routing technique to increase the overall efficiency of the network. Compared to the mobile low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol, the simulation studies reveal that the energy‐efficient routing technique produces a longer network lifetime and achieves better energy efficiency.     

Rendezvous-based data dissemination for supporting mobile sinks in multi-hop clustered wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, a clustering-based technique is considered as an efficient approach for supporting mobile sinks without using position information. It exploits a Backbone-based Virtual Infrastructure (BVI) which uses only cluster heads (CHs) to construct routing structures. Since sensor nodes have constrained energy and are failure-prone, the effective design of both a clustering structure to construct a BVI and a routing protocol in the BVI is an important issue to achieve energy-efficient and reliable data delivery. However, since previous studies use one-hop clustering for a BVI, they are not robust against node and link failures and thus leading low data delivery ratio. They also use flooding-based routing protocols in a BVI and thus leading high energy consumption. Thus, in this paper, we propose a rendezvous-based data dissemination protocol based on multi-hop clustering (RDDM). Since RDDM uses a multi-hop clustering to provide enough backup sensor nodes to substitute a CH and enough backup paths between neighbor CHs, it can provide high robustness against node and link failures. By using a rendezvous CH, RDDM constructs routing paths from source nodes to mobile sinks without flooding in our BVI and thus can save energy of sensor nodes. By considering movement types of sinks, RDDM finds out a shorter path between a source node and a mobile sink through signaling only between neighbor CHs and thus can reduce the energy consumption. Analysis and simulation results show that RDDM provides better performance than previous protocols in terms of energy consumption and data delivery ratio.     

Energy Efficient QoS Aware Hierarchical KF-MAC Routing Protocol in Manet

The paper proposes an energy efficient quality of services (QoS) aware hierarchical KF-MAC routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. The proposed KF-MAC (K-means cluster formation firefly cluster head selection based MAC routing) protocol reduces the concentration of QoS parameters when the node transmits data from source to destination. At first, K-means clustering technique is utilized for clustering the network into nodes. Then the clustered nodes are classified and optimized by the firefly optimization algorithm to find cluster heads for the clustered nodes. The transmission of data begins in the network nodes and TDMA based MAC routing does communication. The observation on KF-MAC protocol performs well for QoS parameters such as bandwidth, delay, bit error rate and jitter. The evaluation of proposed protocol based on a simulation study concludes that the proposed protocol provides a better result in contrast to the existing fuzzy based energy aware routing protocol and modified dynamic source routing protocol. With KF-MAC protocol, the collision free data transmission with low average energy consumption is achieved.