THz QCL波导结构研究与光束质量分析

THz量子级联激光器是理想的固态THz源,研究波导结构对激射光特性和远场光束质量的影响,是THz QCL设计中的关键。本文采用有限元方法对THz QCL双面和单面金属波导结构的限制和损耗特性进行分析,给出了限制因子、波导损耗和阈值增益随波导结构、激射波长等参数的变化关系。仿真实验结果表明:与单面金属波导相比,双面金属波导对光具有更好的限制作用,损耗也比较小,更适合做有源区的波导限制结构。在计算出波导中光场分布的基础上,又利用矢量衍射理论分析了THz QCL的光束质量,给出了不同波导宽度时出射光束的远场光束宽度和远场发散角,从应用方面为QCL的设计提供了一定参考。     

微系统所在太赫兹量子级联激光器研究方面取得进展

据www.sim.ac.cn网站报道,近日,中科院上海微系统所太赫兹固态技术院重点实验室在太赫兹(THz)量了级联激光器(QCL)研究方面取得进展。THz QCL是太赫兹技术在通信和成像等应用方面的关键器件。自2002年世界上第一个THz QCL诞生以来,不管是在激射功率、频率,还是在工作温度等方面,THz QCL都取得了很大的进步。但是由于THz辐射对应的子带间能级差很小,而且自由载流子吸收损失在THz波段十分严重,所以要实现室温高功率THz QCL器件十分困难。器     

基于太赫兹量子级联激光器的生物医学成像研究进展

太赫兹(THz)波对生物医学组织具有天然的非电离性、水含量敏感性和浅层穿透性等特点,这使得其非常适合应用于生物医学成像。由于太赫兹量子级联激光器(THz QCL)具有激射功率高、光束质量好、调制速率高、体积小的特点,基于THz QCL的生物医学成像系统相较于其他主动式生物医学成像系统成像信噪比高、成像分辨率高、成像速度快、结构更紧凑。基于此,对基于THz QCL的生物医学成像研究进展进行综述,并对THz生物成像优势、THz QCL生物医学成像优势、生物医学成像系统、生物医学成像目标进行了总结,对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

基于多模速率方程电路建模的太赫兹量子级联激光器稳态性能及输出光谱特性分析

通过改进的三能级多模态速率方程,运用电路建模 方法,建立了太赫兹(THz)量子级联激光器(QCL)的一种等效电路模型。由于基于多模 态效应进行建模,所建模型能够有效表 征多模态效应对THz QCL光电性能的影响。模型中,涉及的非辐射散射时间、自激发射弛豫 时间以及电子逃 逸时间均根据器件有源层结构参数通过自洽数值求解获得。采用所建模型,可运用通用电路 仿真工具实现对 THz QCL光电特性的模拟分析,克服了数值分析方法计算复杂、模拟时间长的缺点。运用电 路仿 真工具PSPICE对2.47THz QCL的稳态特性和输出光谱特性进行了模拟 分析,并讨论了温度变化对器 件阈值电流、输出光功率以及输出频谱的影响,分析结果与已报道的理论和实验结果一致 ,验证了本文方法的适用性和准确性。     

单面金属波导太赫兹量子级联激光器的天线模型

太赫兹(THz)量子级联激光器(QCL)是理想的固态THz源,其出射光束的远场特性是THz QCL研究中重要的一部分。实验上,THz QCL的远场光斑常呈多瓣或环形结构,用一般的衍射理论难以解释,为此把激光器看成辐射天线,利用电磁场理论,推导了单面金属波导THz QCL辐射远场场分布和光强分布基本公式。对具有典型参数的THz QCL的远场分布进行了计算。数值结果表明：辐射远场光强分布是不对称的环形结构,且随着激光器的腔长变长,环逐渐变密。可见,THz QCL的天线模型给出了与实验观察一致的结果,说明天线模型更适合于THz QCL远场光束的分析。     

THz量子级联激光器跃迁速率的数值求解及验证

THz量子级联激光器(QCL,quantum cascade laser )有源区载流子的跃迁速率是研究激光器内部输运特性,模拟激光器特性和优化设计的关键 参数。本文针对跃迁速率的计算问题,在连续介质模型下提出了一种运用自洽方法和费米黄 金法则计算THz QCL有源区载流子跃迁速率的方法。方法考虑了包括电子-纵向光声子散射 、电子-电子散射机制以及电子-光子散射对跃迁速率的影响。利用本文方法对已报道的TH z QCL进行了数值模拟,讨论了温度参数和注入掺杂浓度参数对跃迁速率的影响并进行了模 拟分析,分析结果与已报道的理论和实验结果一致,验证了方法的适用性和准确性。本文方 法的提出为运用速率方程法进行THz QCL有源层的建模和优化设计提供了基础。     

基于半导体光子学器件的太赫兹成像技术研究进展

太赫兹(THz)成像是THz技术应用的重要方向之一。基于THz量子级联激光器(QCL)和THz量子阱探测器(QWP)等半导体光子学器件的THz成像系统具有结构紧凑、空间分辨率高、成像信噪比较高等优点,已成为当前研究的热点领域。对国内外关于THz QCL和THz QWP器件在远场和近场成像应用方面的研究进行了系统综述,分析了THz成像系统的构成和成像效果,总结了各THz成像系统的性能参数情况,并探讨了THz成像系统性能提升的途径及其应用前景。     

基于单个电吸收调制器产生超平坦双光梳

为产生频率间隔相同而又平坦的光频梳,基于单个多量子阱电吸收调制器强度调制特性,设计出一种新型超平坦双光梳产生方案。通过在电吸收调制器前置矩形滤波器,精密控制多量子阱电吸收调制器的反向偏置电压与射频驱动信号幅度,滤除频谱的中心谱线后,得到了平坦度为0.01dB的双光梳。利用Optisystem7.0软件进行仿真,其对不同线宽(100kHz、10 MHz和20 MHz)的激光光源均可产生位于中心谱线两侧对称的、带宽均为300 GHz、谱线均为15条、谱线间距均为20GHz以及平坦度可达0.01dB的双光梳。     

双光梳非线性光谱

光学频率梳具有优异的时域和频域特性,已成为一种重要的光谱探测光源.基于两个具有不同重复频率的光频梳,可以实现具有异步光学采样特点的双光梳光谱探测.除了线性光谱探测应用,双光梳技术在非线性光谱探测中同样具有独特的优势.介绍了双光梳非线性光谱的探测原理,重点综述了双光梳技术在多维相干光谱和相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱探测中的应用...     

高输出功率太赫兹量子级联激光器与温度特性

半导体太赫兹量子级联激光器(THz QCL)是一种相干性好线宽窄的太赫兹辐射源,有潜力获得高的输出功率.采用基于非平衡格林函数(NEGF)方法的计算工具设计、生长、制备了基于砷化镓系材料的THz QCL.在10 K温度下,峰值功率达到270 mW,平均功率为2. 4 mW,单位面积的输出功率与已报道的最高值相当.采用NEGF方法对器件的温度变化特性做了详细的分析.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks