离心铸造和热轧对Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Sn合金组织和机械性能的影响

采用离心铸造及热轧工艺制备Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Sn合金,利用X射线衍射、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和拉伸试验对该合金的组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：离心铸造Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Sn合金由α-Mg、Mg₂₄(Gd, Y)₅、Mg₂(Sn, Y)₃Gd₂和Mg₃(Gd, Y)相组成。随着离心半径和离心转速的增大,Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Sn合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,抗拉伸强度逐渐增大。在700 r/min下制备的热轧试样在室温下极限抗拉伸强度为304 MPa,在300 ℃下极限抗拉伸强度为296 MPa。Mg₂₄(Gd, Y)₅、Mg₂(Sn, Y)₃Gd₂和Mg₃(Gd, Y)相具有优异的热稳定性,因而Mg-10Gd-3Y-1Sn合金具有优异的高温抗拉伸强度。     

Mg-6Zn-1Mn-2Sn-0.5Ca合金挤压态和热处理态的组织与力学性能

利用光学显微镜、X 射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、硬度以及力学性能测试等对挤压态和时效处理的Mg?6Zn?1Mn?2Sn?0.5Ca 镁合金的显微组织和力学性能进行研究。研究结果表明：合金铸态的相组成为α-Mg, Mn, Mg7Zn3, Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ 和CaMgSn相组成。挤压态组织为完全动态再结晶组织,晶粒尺寸约为2.8 μm。固溶时效处理(T6,180 ℃+10 h)后,合金的强度明显增加,屈服和抗拉分别为320 MPa 和390 MPa。合金强度的提高主要是由于晶界强化,固溶强化和析出强化作用。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Mg–12Zn–4Al–0.3Mn ALLOY CONTAINING Sr AND Ca

以Mg--12Zn--4Al--0.3Mn(质量分数, %)为母合金, 制备了6种合金. 实验观察证实, Mg--12Zn--4Al--0.3Mn合金的铸态组织由α--Mg基体和沿晶界分布的准晶Q相组成. 在母合金中加入少量的Sr后, 亚稳准晶相转变为Mg₃₂(Al, Zn)₄₉平衡相以及Mg₅₁Zn₂₀共晶相. 在母合金中复合加入Sr与Ca后, 铸态组织出现了Al₂Mg₅Zn₂共晶相. 随着Sr含量的增加, 合金室温和高温下的力学拉伸强度提高, 高温蠕变性能下降; Sr与Ca的复合加入使合金抗拉强度和塑性下降, 但高温屈服强度提高. 在\linebreak 175 ℃/70 MPa条件下, Mg--12Zn--4Al--0.2Sr--0.4Ca--0.3Mn合金表现出良好的高温抗蠕变性能.     

Ca和Al对Mg-Gd-Zn合金中的LPSO相及力学性能的影响

本文通过普通重力铸造方法熔炼制备了Mg_96.5Gd_2.5Zn₁、Mg₉₆Gd_2.5Zn₁Ca_0.5和Mg₉₅Gd_2.5Zn₁Ca_0.5Al₁三种合金,考察了合金元素Ca与Al对铸态Mg-Gd-Zn合金中LPSO相形成的影响及经固溶热处理和热挤压后微观组织的演变及力学性能变化, 分析了微观组织转变与力学行为之间的关系。     

挤压温度对固溶态Mg-2.0Zn-0.5Zr-3.0Gd合金微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜等测试手段研究了挤压温度对固溶态Mg-2.0Zn-0.5Zr-3.0Gd镁合金显微组织的影响。同时,采用浸泡实验和电化学测试等方法研究了合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：挤压态合金主要由大的变形晶粒和动态再结晶晶粒组成,析出相由纳米级的棒状(Mg, Zn)₃Gd相和颗粒状的Mg₂Zn₁₁相组成。挤压温度在340～360 ℃时,合金中动态再结晶晶粒的体积分数随着挤压温度的升高而增加,腐蚀速率随着挤压温度的升高而降低。当挤压温度为360 ℃时,合金发了完全动态再结晶,具有较好的耐腐蚀性,静态腐蚀速率为0.527 mm/y,腐蚀形式为均匀腐蚀。当温度升高至380 ℃时,部分动态再结晶晶粒发生异常长大现象,导致腐蚀速率随着挤压温度的升高而升高。     

Li对快速凝固Mg96.5Gd2.5Zn1合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

本文考察了快速凝固条件下不同含量Li元素添加对长周期有序结构相增强Mg-Gd-Zn合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Li元素的添加,铸态合金中Gd、Zn溶质原子在镁基体晶粒中的过饱和度降低、(Mg,Zn)₃Gd晶界析出相增加、镁基体晶粒尺寸减小。而固溶处理后,随着Li含量的增加,合金中14H型长周期堆垛有序结构相(LPSO)的形成受到抑制,同时纳米/亚微米(Mg,Zn)₃Gd颗粒相大量析出,当Li为7.6at. %时合金中无LPSO形成。经热挤压变形后,合金中块状14H相发生扭着分层开裂、层片状14H相发生不同程度溶解、(Mg,Zn)₃Gd相破碎细化、基体发生不同程度再结晶;不加Li的Mg_96.5Gd_2.5Zn₁表现出最佳的力学性能(UTS=325,δ=9.5%),而含Li合金则随Li含量的增加,力学性能逐步下降。合金在不同条件下的组织转变机理及力学行为变化被进行了分析。     

高阻尼高强度铸态SiCp/Mg94Zn5Y1 复合材料的综合性能

采用铸造方法制备具有不同SiC_p含量（0.5%~2.0%,质量分数,下同）的SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料,并研究了复合材料的力学性能和阻尼性能。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪测试复合材料的微观组织结构和物相组成。在基体中加入SiC_p之后,SiC_p均匀分布在基体中,增强体细化了复合材料的微观组织结构。SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料包括α-Mg、I相（准晶相）和SiC_p相。分别使用动态热机械分析仪和AG-X试验机测试了SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料的阻尼性能和力学性能。复合材料的力学性能优于Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁合金,1.0%SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料的抗压缩强度高达350 MPa;所有复合材料的阻尼性能都远高于基体合金的阻尼性能,其中0.5%SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料具有最佳的阻尼性能。此外,根据功效系数法,SiC_p含量为1.0%的SiC_p/Mg₉₄Zn₅Y₁复合材料具有良好的综合性能。     

Zn添加对Mg-8Al-2Sn镁合金组织和性能的影响

本文以Mg-8Al-2Sn变形镁合金为研究背景,通过在Mg-8Al-2Sn合金中添加0-2 wt.%含量的Zn元素,研究了Zn添加对Mg-8Al-2Sn挤压镁合金显微组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,铸态Mg-8Al-2Sn-xZn合金的相组成主要是α-Mg相、Mg₁₇Al₁₂相和Mg₂Sn相。在添加Zn元素以后,合金中的共晶化合物的形态发生变化,由共晶组织变为离异共晶组织。挤压过后,晶粒组织尺寸更均匀。Zn元素的加入,会促进合金中第二相在挤压过程中的动态析出以及第二相尺寸的粗化。合金在时效中产生的析出相的数量也随着Zn含量的增多而增加。随着Zn含量的增加,挤压态和时效态合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度都随之增加。当Zn含量达到2 wt.%时,合金力学性能最好,其时效态的抗拉强度,屈服强度和延伸率分别是385 MPa, 291 MPa和6.44%。     

高Y添加量对Mg-2Zn-1Mn合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光法、电子探针显微分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜和单轴拉伸测试等对Mg-2Zn-1Mn-x Y (x=0,1,3,5,7,质量分数,%)合金的显微组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明：随着Y元素的加入,铸态合金的第二相由Mg₇Zn₃转变为Mg₃Zn₃Y₂,最终转变为Mg₁₂ZnY。Y元素的加入阻碍了动态再结晶的生长过程,使晶粒得到细化,但是进一步增加Y含量不会继续增强晶粒细化程度。挤压态Mg-2Zn-1Mn合金加入Y元素后,塑性呈现出先升高后下降的趋势,这可能是受到了织构取向变化和晶粒粗化的共同影响。此外,合金强度提高主要是由于细晶强化和第二相强化作用。Mg-2Zn-1Mn-7Y合金具有最佳的力学性能,其抗拉伸强度为357 MPa,屈服强度为262 MPa,延伸率为14%。     

微量Gd添加对Mg-8Zn-1Mn-3Sn合金组织转变及性能的影响

研究了微量Gd的添加对Mg-8Zn-1Mn-3Sn合金显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-8Zn-1Mn-3Sn-xGd主要由α-Mg基体、MgZn₂、Mg₇Zn₃、Mg₂Sn相、MgSnGd相组成。MgSnGd相为高温相,在合金凝固过程中最先形成,改变了凝固过程,使晶界处半连续第二相转变为断网状。MgSnGd相与α-Mg基体存在共格位向关系,能作为异质形核核心细化合金晶粒。Mg-8Zn-1Mn-3Sn-0.5Gd合金的综合力学性能最佳,合金力学性能得到显著提高的机制为通过添加Gd元素细化晶粒组织、MgSnGd相钉扎晶界阻碍位错运动以及晶界第二相形貌转变。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-Sn-Zn-Ca alloy with different extrusion ratios

The effect of extrusion ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-6Sn-2Zn-1Ca (TZX621) (mass fraction, %) alloy was investigated. It is found that incomplete dynamic recrystallization (DRX) took place in as-extruded TZX621 alloy. As the extrusion ratio was increased from 6 to 16, both fraction of un-DRXed grains and average size of DRXed grains in as-extruded TZX621 alloy decreased and the basal texture was weakened. Coarse CaMgSn phase was broken into particles and fine Mg₂Sn phase precipitated from α-Mg matrix during hot extrusion. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of as-extruded TZX621 alloy with extrusion ratio of 16 reached 226.9 MPa, 295.6 MPa and 18.1%, which were improved by 36.0%, 17.7% and 13.5%, respectively, compared to those of as-extruded TZX621 alloy with extrusion ratio of 6.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–(Nd)–Zr alloys with different extrusion processes

The effect of Nd addition and the in?uence of extrusion processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–0.5Zr(ZK60) and Mg–6Zn–1.5Nd–0.5Zr(ZKNd602) alloys were investigated. Nd element can obviously re?ne the microstructure of both as-cast and asextruded Mg–Zn–Nd–Zr alloy. All of the extruded alloys exhibit a bimodal grain structure composed of equiaxed?ne recrystallized(DRXed) grains and elongated coarse un DRXed grains. It is necessary to achieve high strength,particularly the yield strength, for ZKNd602 alloy, when it is extruded with a lower extrusion temperature, a suitable extrusion ratio and a relatively lower extrusion ram speed. In this study, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS) and elongation(El) of the extruded ZKNd602 alloy were 421 MPa, 402 MPa and 6.7 %,respectively, with extrusion temperature of 290 °C, extrusion ratio of 18:1 and a ram speed of approximate0.4 mm·s~(-1). Meanwhile, the extrusion process has obvious effects on the room-temperature properties but weak effects on the high-temperature properties.     

Mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Zr alloy by Nd addition combined with hot extrusion

The effect of Nd addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-9Gd-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy was investigated. The Mg-9Gd-0.5Zr and Mg-9Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloys were extruded at 673 K. The elongated non-dynamic recrystallized (un-DRXed) grains disappear after adding Nd, and uniformly distributed dynamic recrystallized grains with a grain size of 1.68 μm were obtained in the alloy. In addition, numerous nano-Mg₅(Gd,Nd) particles were found to precipitate dynamically in the Mg-9Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloy, which gave rise to the dynamic recrystallization process via providing nucleation energy through hindering the release of deformation energy and promoting an increase in the strength through the Orowan strengthening mechanism. Moreover, the dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains have a weak texture, which plays a significant role in improving the ductility. Therefore, the Nd addition favors the improvement of strength and elongation for the as-extruded Mg-9Gd-0.5Zr alloy, simultaneously.     

Effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−Zn−Sn−Mn alloy

The microstructure and properties of the as-cast, as-homogenized and as-extruded Mg−6Zn−4Sn−1Mn (ZTM641) alloy with various Al contents (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt.%) were investigated by OM, XRD, DSC, SEM, TEM and uniaxial tensile tests. The results show that when the Al content is not higher than 0.5%, the alloys are mainly composed of α-Mg, Mg₂Sn, Al₈Mn₅ and Mg₇Zn₃ phases_. When the Al content is higher than 0.5%, the alloys mainly consist of α-Mg, Mg₂Sn, MgZn, Mg₃₂(Al,Zn)₄₉, Al₂Mg₅Zn₂, Al₁₁Mn₄ and Al₈Mn₅ phases. A small amount of Al (≤1%) can increase the proportion of fine dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains during hot-extrusion process. The room- temperature tensile test results show that the ZTM641−1Al alloy has the best comprehensive mechanical properties, in which the ultimate tensile strength is 332 MPa, yield strength is 221 MPa and the elongation is 15%. Elevated- temperature tensile test results at 150 and 200 °C show that ZTM641−2Al alloy has the best comprehensive mechanical properties.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Mg95.5Y3Zn1.5 alloy processed by extrusion and ECAP

A Mg_95.5Y₃Zn_1.5 alloy processed via a two-step processing route of extrusion plus ECAP has been investigated. It was found that the ECAP processed Mg_95.5Y₃Zn_1.5 alloy contained ultrafine grains and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. After ECAP, the average grain size of Mg_95.5Y₃Zn_1.5 alloy was refined to about 300 nm. The highest strengths, with yield strength of 444.6 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 472.7 MPa, were obtained after 1 pass at 623 K. The SAED patterns indicated that the microstructure after ECAP consisted of both high angle and low angle grain boundaries. The fraction of high-angle boundaries increased with increasing numbers of ECAP passes. The Mg_95.5Y₃Zn_1.5 alloy contained a high volume fraction of X-Mg₁₂ZnY phase due to high yttrium and zinc addition. And, it accelerated the growth and coalescence of cracks during tensile testing, resulting in premature fracture and lower elongation of alloy.     

Recrystallization and microstructural evolution during hot extrusion of Mg97Y2Zn1 alloy

This study revealed that the extrusion temperature has a great influence on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy. The average grain sizes increased from 3 μm to 8 μm with increasing extrusion temperatures from 623K to 773 K. Both dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and static recrystallization (SRX), which occur during and after deformation, respectively, were observed. The alloy, which extruded at a relatively high temperature, exhibited lower strength because the strain strengthening was balanced by the softening that originated from DRX. Three types of morphologies, namely, big recrystallized grains, fine recrystallized grains, and non-recrystallized grains, were observed in the extruded microstructures obtained at 623 K. The dislocation density was quite high in the fully recrystallized grain. The extruded microstructures obtained at 773 K were composed of large grains with more uniform size. Their degree of recrystallization was higher and the dislocation density also declined. All dislocation in the grain were distinguished as 〈c+a〉 dislocations. Submicron scale precipitates were distributed along the newly formed recrystallized grain boundaries and had a remarkable pinning effect on the recrystallized grain growth after extrusion at 773 K. The precipitates can be divided into two main types: mixed type and single type.     

Effect of Sc and Nd on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Mn Alloy

The effects of micro-alloying with small amounts of Sc and Nd elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn alloy were systematically investigated. The results show that the grains of Al-Mg-Mn alloy can be refined by the addition of minor Sc and Nd. Adding 0.2 wt.% Sc or 0.2 wt.% Nd element to Al-Mg-Mn alloy can improve the strength and recrystallization temperature. Especially, after a combined addition of 0.1 wt.% Sc and 0.1 wt.% Nd, owing to the Al₁₆Mg₇Nd phase formed in the alloy, which pinned at the grain boundary can hinder the migration of the grain boundary during annealing process, the recrystallization temperature of the Al-Mg-Mn alloy is increased by 100 °C, and the increments of tensile strength and yield strength are 65 and 55 MPa, respectively.     

Effect of Ag Addition on Microstructure,Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy for Orthopedic Application

The as-extruded Mg–3Nd–0.2Zn–0.4Zr–xAg (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1 wt%) alloys were prepared for biomedical applications. Scanning electron microscope, electron backscattered diffraction, X-ray diffraction, tensile test machine, electrochemical workstation, and immersion experiments were used to study microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the as-extruded alloys. The results indicate that the microstructures of all the as-extruded alloys are composed of coarse undynamic recrystallized grains, fine equiaxed recrystallized grains, and precipitated phases. Ag element plays a positive role in promoting dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement. And during the extrusion, all the four alloys generate a $\left\langle {10\overline{1}0} \right\rangle$//ED fiber texture. With the increase of Ag element, the volume fraction of Mg₁₂Nd phase increases and then decreases slightly. By increasing Ag addition, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-extruded alloys reduce first and then improve, and the elongation improves gradually from 9.4 to 12.7%. More importantly, the addition of Ag accelerates corrosion of the as-extruded alloys in simulated body fluid, and all the as-extruded alloys show uniform corrosion mode.     

变形态Mg-Nd合金的组织转变和拉伸性能特征

研究不同变形条件对Mg-2.2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金室温拉伸性能和组织的影响.经过不同条件的热挤压变形后,该合金的强度和延性都有不同程度的增加,屈强比从0.58提高到0.87左右.固定变形温度时,强度随变形速率增大而降低,延性反之.固定变形速率时,升高变形温度则强度降低,延性增加.弥散于晶界的Mg9Nd化合物细化了晶粒.变形态Mg-Nd合金的高温超塑拉伸研究发现,375℃是该合金的最佳超塑变形温度,应变速率在1×10-2s-1时,延伸率达到329%;当变形速率提高到2×10-2s-1时,该合金的延伸率仍可达到213%.分析不同真应变下的组织发现,在变形初期发生动态再结晶,晶粒得到破碎而变得细小,随着变形程度的增加,晶粒长大程度较小.在变形后的断口形貌中发现,Mg-Nd合金的超塑变形机制为晶界滑移控制下的孔洞连接协调机制.