考虑进风口风筒和双机影响的动车组轴流冷却风机噪声特性试验研究

为了明确某企业研发的一款动车组轴流冷却风机的噪声水平和特性,参照国标GB/T 3767-2016布置试验测点,对此轴流风机产生的噪声进行了现场试验,并基于风机试验数据进行了噪声特性分析.结果表明:此轴流风机噪声主要由宽频和离散噪声组成,前者的占比约为后者的1.8倍;动叶片的前三阶BPF在离散噪声中占据主导地位;进风口处的风筒主要降低高频段的噪声;单、双风机运行时的噪声差值主要体现在动叶片的前两阶BPF上;通过静压来控制风机噪声时,应保持静压在1030～1150 Pa之间;出风口噪声的贡献率约为进风口的两倍;机壳振动声辐射主要表现在低频段;新样机出风口测点的A计权声压级降低了2.23 dB(A),在离散噪声中,动叶片的第一阶BPF噪声下降幅度最大.     

汽车空调鼓风机倾斜蜗舌流场及噪声研究分析

针对一款应用在汽车空调上的多翼离心风机的噪音问题进行分析。利用Strar CCM+软件对常规直蜗舌和加斜蜗舌后的多翼离心风机进行数值模拟研究。计算结果表明：斜蜗舌对蜗舌附近及蜗舌后的流场都有较大的影响，好的倾斜蜗舌设计可以改善蜗舌处的流场，减小蜗舌区域的旋涡强度。对多翼离心风机加装倾斜蜗舌前后风量和噪音变化进行试验，结果表明：在相同转速下，风量基本没有变化，斜蜗舌对总噪声值改善较小，但可以明显改善叶轮阶次噪声，叶轮阶次频率处噪声降低了7dB左右。     

基于试验的车用爪极发电机噪声源识别与分析

针对某型车用爪极发电机的噪声问题,基于试验对其噪声源进行了识别与分析。首先,测试了该型号4台不同结构(是否带风扇)的爪极发电机在空载和负载时的振动噪声;然后,利用阶次分析的方法识别了机械噪声、气动噪声和电磁噪声,并通过流场仿真和电磁场理论解释了气动噪声和电磁噪声产生的机理;最后,对各噪声源的贡献量进行了分析。结果表明:爪极发电机电磁力会产生6k(k=1,2,…)阶电磁噪声;冷却风扇、转子和开槽定子均会产生气动噪声;电机运行时中低转速以36阶电磁噪声为主,高转速阶段以8,10,12阶气动噪声为主;机械噪声由于其幅值较小,对总体噪声影响不大。本研究对发电机的设计和优化具有一定的指导意义。     

前向离心风机采用串列叶片叶轮降噪的试验研究

针对T9-19No.4A前向离心风机,使用等距串列叶片叶轮和不等距串列叶片叶轮取代原叶轮进行降噪试验研究,并对使用不同叶轮时风机的气动性能和噪声特性进行了比较分析。试验结果表明:使用等距串列叶片叶轮能够使风机在保持气动性能基本不变的条件下,在风机高效点附近的工况范围内降低前向离心风机的气动噪声,而使用不等距串列叶片叶轮则使风机气动性能和噪声特性均变差,主要原因之一是由于叶轮叶片沿圆周不均匀分布导致叶轮流场沿周向分布不均匀。建议在进一步的改进研究中仍可考虑使用等距串列叶片叶轮而暂不考虑使用不等距串列叶片叶轮。     

某型城际动车组牵引变压器冷却单元用离心风机优化设计

介绍了某型城际动车组牵引变压器冷却单元用离心风机优化设计过程,利用CFX数值仿真手段对离心通风机叶轮进行了提高效率的降噪优化设计研究,对原风机进行参数化建模,利用数值仿真计算的方法得到了原始风机叶轮几何参数下的气动性能,在此基础上,根据冷却单元通风系统性能匹配,重新确定叶轮直径、选取风机初始计算参数,并采用响应面法,得到最佳性能的叶轮叶片数量、进口角及出口角。通过选择合适的几何参数,静压效率提升了8.54%,噪声降低了4.47 dB (A),为离心风机的优化设计提供参考。     

吸油烟机用多翼离心风机错齿叶轮设计研究

提高吸油烟机气动和噪声性能对改善人们的生活品质具有十分重要的意义。本文首先针对某型号吸油烟机的气动和噪声性能进行了数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比,验证了数值计算模型和计算方法的有效性。其次将贯流风机常用的叶轮分节交错结构应用到吸油烟机的风机叶轮中,得到了一种新型的错齿叶轮,并对错齿叶轮吸油烟机的气动和噪声性能进行了数值和试验研究。数值和试验研究表明,相比于原型吸油烟机,带错齿叶轮的吸油烟机总压和效率基本保持不变,风量增大0.89 m~3/min,噪声降低0.78 dB。分析其作用机理,发现多翼离心风机的蜗舌处的压力变小,压力梯度降低,蜗壳出口处的速度变大,因此整机的流量得到提高,噪声有所下降。错齿叶轮能够在0～2 000 Hz的低频段有效降低烟机噪声,在2 000 Hz以上的高频段降噪效果不明显。     

针对齿轮箱阶次噪声问题的多体仿真

针对工程上的齿轮箱阶次振动噪声问题,建立包含3D齿轮、线性轴承、柔性壳体等的齿轮箱多体动力学仿真模型.计算在电机外特性扭矩输出下,时域的齿轮轴轴承力及齿轮箱壳体表面振动速度.对时域的仿真结果进行快速傅里叶变换,分析其频域的阶次特性;同时进行全负荷工况下车内振动噪声测试,以测试结果评估多体仿真的指向性.仿真结果与测试结果相比:11阶对应共振频率误差-6.3％,29阶对应共振频率误差-10.4％,验证了基于多体仿真方法进行齿轮箱阶次噪声分析的可行性.     

基于交错叶轮技术的横流风机气动声学特性研究

为了有效降低空调器室内机横流风机离散频率噪声,采用试验和理论分析方法研究交错叶轮技术对空调器室内机横流风机气动及声学性能的影响。对节间交错角度分别为0°、3.50°、4.00°和5.14°的横流风机气动声学试验结果显示,节间交错叶轮可在不影响横流风机气动性能的基础上,有效降低离散频率噪声,但对宽频噪声影响不大。建立基于Lighthill声类比理论以及傅里叶变换性质的横流风机离散频率噪声预测模型,用于分析不同叶轮交错角对横流风机离散频率噪声的影响。理论分析结果与试验测量结果吻合较好,该模型可有效地分析横流风机节间交错叶轮交错角度与叶片通过频率及其谐波分量处噪声的关联。以此为基础,进一步探讨横流风机节间交错叶轮最佳交错角的设计方法。     

扭曲叶轮对多翼离心风机内流及噪声特性的影响分析

针对扭曲叶轮多翼工频离心风机内流及声学特性的探究问题,研究了不同叶轮扭曲度对多翼离心风机的气动性能的影响。首先,建立了离心风机CFD计算模型,进行了离心风机流量-全压效率性能曲线验证试验;然后,利用Fluent计算得到了不同扭曲参数的风机性能数据,速度流线图和A、B处回流涡涡量;最后,基于FW-H方程分析了不同叶轮扭曲度声压频谱图,并分析了不同叶轮扭曲度离心风机的1/3倍频程频谱图。研究结果表明：扭曲叶轮风机较直叶轮风机全压效率下降了7.75%～8.07%,且存在去偏心涡的现象;扭曲叶轮可减少涡流的形成,有效降低风机噪声,在基频1 300 Hz处,3°,6°和9°扭曲叶轮风机噪声分别降低了0.06 dB、1.15 dB和8.35 dB,可见扭曲叶轮可应用于多翼离心风机的降噪设计。     

基于有限元法离心风机气动噪声预报研究

针对离心风机噪声试验研究成本大,产品设计生产周期长等问题,探究了离心风机辐射噪声数值模拟的准确性。基于声学有限元方法,采用数值计算与试验相结合的方式,通过FLUENT软件进行非定常计算得到声源信息,采用ACTRAN有限元法计算风机的气动噪声,并与试验值进行对比分析。研究表明,基频噪声仿真值与试验值分别为86.69,89 dB,误差在4%左右,总声压级分别为94.38,93.804 dB,误差为0.6%。因此声压频谱吻合较好,仿真值与试验值一致性较高,可以进行噪声预测。此外,对不同转速下风机对噪声的影响进行讨论,以验证预测分析的实用性。结果表明,叶轮转速升高,对其离散噪声的影响显著,随着叶轮转速提高,其压差变化越来越显著,所引起的旋转噪声越来越大,基频噪声升高了19.29 dB,声压级变化明显。因而,转速对离散噪声的影响较大,合理选择转速来控制噪声是一种简单有效的方法。通过上述研究的数值计算方法,可以一定程度上减小试验模型反复铸造、调试的时间和成本,为进一步优化风机气动噪声,降低噪声提供思路。     

叶片打孔对离心风机噪声的影响分析

对离心风机叶片进行打孔处理,分析叶片打孔位置对风机噪声的影响.首先在稳态流场的计算结果上加载宽频噪声模型,得到不同工况下离心风机蜗壳和叶片上噪声分布情况,然后在瞬态分析的基础上加载FW-H噪声模块,利用LES/FW-H匹配技术分析叶片打孔对离心风机的气动噪声特性及声压级的影响.研究结果表明:离心风机结构表面声压主要集中...     

烤烟用低压轴流风机性能试验研究

结合国内部分烤烟用低压轴流风机的发展趋势,针对KY7A系列不同结构风机,进行进气性能试验,依据轴流风机进气试验,给出测试得到的外部性能曲线。试验结果显示风机出口动静压、总压及噪声受叶片数量和叶片造型影响,为从整机角度选用合理的风机提供了依据。     

电子器件散热串联轴流风扇短管降噪试验

对两台电子器件散热轴流风扇采用不同方式串联时的气动噪声特性开展试验研究。首先利用风扇等高平面内环形布置的传声器阵列对单风扇和串联风扇的远场噪声进行测量,发现串联风扇相比单风扇具有更高的宽频噪声和更复杂的单音噪声特性。然后对比加装方框、蜂窝和短管中间连接件的串联风扇在不同转速下的噪声声压级指向性分布,发现短管连接件对串联风扇的单音和宽频噪声均具有良好的降噪效果,其中设计转速下单音相比方框连接的串联风扇下降1.2dB(A),宽频下降0.5dB(A)。最后,提出串联风扇的两段短管降噪方法并验证了其在多转速运行工况下的降噪效果。论文对串联电子器件散热风扇气动噪声的研究可为工程应用中的降噪措施提供参考。     

Aeroacoustic characteristics and noise reduction of a centrifugal fan for a vacuum cleaner

The aeroacoustic characteristics of a centrifugal fan for a vacuum cleaner and its noise reduction method are studied in this paper. The major noise source of a vacuum cleaner is the centrifugal fan. The impeller of the fan rotates at over 3000 rpm, and generates very high-level noise. It was revealed that the dominant noise source is the aerodynamic interaction between the rotating impeller and stationary diffuser. The directivity of acoustic pressure showed that most of the noise propagates backward direction of the fan-motor assembly. In order to reduce the high tonal sound generated from the aerodynamic interaction, unevenly pitched impeller and diffuser, and tapered impeller designs were proposed and experiments were performed. Uneven pitch design of the impeller changes the sound quality while the overall sound power level (SPL) and the performance remains similar. The effect of the tapered design of impeller was evaluated. The trailing edge of the tapered fan is inclined. This reduces the flow interaction between the rotating impeller and the stationary diffuser because of some phase shifts. The static efficiency of the new impeller design is slightly lower than the previous design. However, the overall SPL is reduced by about 4 dB(A). The SPL of the fundamental blade passing frequency (BPF) is reduced by about 6 dB(A) and the 2^nd BPF is reduced about 20 dB(A). The vacuum cleaner with the tapered impeller design produces lower noise level than the previous one, and the strong tonal sound was dramatically reduced.     

前向离心风机采用不等距叶片叶轮降噪的试验研究

为了降低T9-19No.4A前向离心风机的噪声,针对该风机设计了两个不同叶片间距的不等距叶片叶轮,并对原风机和两个改进后的风机进行了试验,对采用不等距叶片叶轮降低前向离心风机噪声进行了初步探索.试验结果和分析可供同行进行同类研究时参考.     

小型垂直轴风力发电机的气动噪声数值模拟与试验验证

为了降低小型垂直轴风力发电机的气动噪声,对其噪声产生机理进行了分析。首先,在瞬态计算时运用大涡模拟(LES)模型对在一定工况下的三维风轮周围的流场进行分析;其次,在声学计算时运用FW-H方程对风轮产生的气动噪声进行分析并得出频谱;最后,通过实例验证了该方法能有效预测其气动噪声。结果表明:小型垂直轴风力发电机的气动噪声主要是涡流噪声;监测点的噪声值随着离风轮旋转轴半径的增加而减小,且在垂直于叶轮旋转轴的平面上具有指向性。小型垂直轴风力发电机的气动噪声分析为其进一步低噪声优化提供了依据。     

舰船显控台冷却风扇噪声控制与仿真优化研究

显控台是舰船电子信息系统的重要组成部分。为研究舰船显控台冷却风扇噪声特性,有效控制冷却风扇噪声值,首先对冷却风扇噪声源进行理论分析,采用频谱试验方法对显控台冷却风扇噪声进行识别;然后从冷却风扇的结构参数、性能参数和空间匹配参数优化入手,提出冷却风扇优化设计和噪声控制方法;最后运用声学仿真的方法对比分析优化后冷却风扇与原冷却风扇的气动声学性能,得出优化后的冷却风扇的噪声声压级比原风扇降低了6.6 dB。该研究降低了舰船显控台冷却风扇的噪声,可为风扇的声学降噪设计提供可靠的分析和指导。     

Experimental investigation on aero-acoustic characteristics of a centrifugal compressor for the fuel-cell vehicle

A variety of centrifugal compressors are used in various fields of industry such as aircraft, home appliances, and vehicles. Comfort and quietness are important in these uses. As a result, noise has become an important consideration in compressor design besides the conventional performance parameters such as efficiency and pressure ratio. However, compressor noise has been difficult to understand because of the lack of information. The aim of this paper is to investigate the aero-acoustic characteristics of a centrifugal compressor for the fuelcell vehicle by experiments. The existing compressor system is modified to measure the internal pressure fluctuation at the impeller inlet, the impeller outlet and the diffuser outlet. Four microphone probes are also installed to determine the external noise levels and spectra of the compressor in an airtight room according to the RPM and mass flow rate. The test results show the possibility to tell the relative noise level of a centrifugal compressor with the internal pressure data. The external microphone signals have relation to the internal pressure signals. They have similar patterns and spectra. It is a noteworthy phenomenon because it is easier and inexpensive to predict pressure behaviors than noise characteristics of centrifugal compressors. The dominant noise source is the tonal noise during normal operation. But the broadband noise component due to the turbulent flow in the compressor increases during low flow rate operation. Computational simulations are carried out to describe these phenomena and to identify noise indicators. The turbulence kinetic energy and the pressure distribution obtained from CFD results may be indicative of the relative noise intensity of the compressor. The experimental facility, instrumentation and simulation conditions are described, and the results are presented in this paper.     

Psychoacoustic study on contribution of fan noise to engine noise

There are more researches on engine fan noise control focusing on reducing fan noise level through optimizing fan structure,and a lot of research achievements have been obtained.However,researches on the effect of fan noise to engine noise quality are lacking.The influences of the effects of fan structure optimization on the engine noise quality are unclear.Thus,there will be a decline in fan noise level,but the deterioration of engine noise quality.Aiming at the above problems,in consideration of fan structure design and engine noise quality,an innovative method to analyze the contribution of fan noise to engine noise quality using psychoacoustic theory is proposed.The noises of diesel engine installing different cooling fans are measured by using the acoustic pressure method.The experiment results are regarded as analysis samples.The model of sensory pleasantness is used to analyze the sound quality of a diesel engine with different cooling fans.Results show that after installing 10-blade fan in medium diameter the sensory pleasantness at each test point is increased,and the increase is 13.53% on average,which indicate the improvement of the engine noise quality.In order to verify the psychoacoustical analysis,the subjective assessment is carried out.The test result shows the noise quality of engine installed10-blade fan in medium diameter is most superior.1/3 octave frequency spectrum analysis is used to study the reason of the improvement of engine noise quality.It is found that after installing proper cooling fan the sound pressure level below 400 Hz are obviously increased,the frequency assignment and spectral envelope are more reasonable and a proper cooling fan can optimize the spectrum structure of the engine noise.The psychoacoustic study is applied in the contribution of fan noise to engine noise,and the idea of engine sound quality improvement through the structure optimization is proposed.     

柜式空调室内机进出口噪声试验研究

柜式空调室内机的噪声除了机械振动噪声外，离心风扇和空调送／排风系统等产生的气动噪声是主要的噪声源之一。本文对柜式空调室内机进出口噪声特性进行了测量，在进口有面板／无面板的情况下，得到了空调室内机进出口噪声的近场、远场特性以及影响进出口噪声的因素，为空调室内机的优化设计提供了重要依据。