基于51单片机的LED可见光通信系统

LED可见光通信是应用前景非常广阔的新兴无线光通信技术.根据可见光通信原理,组建了基于STC89C52RC单片机的LED可见光通信系统,发射板和接收板具有较小体积和较低成本.系统链路采用直射式形式,光强度调制——直接检测技术,通过对白光LED的高速调制,利用串口调试软件验证了PC机间的LED可见光通信.实验结果表明,系统在PC机间能够实现简单的单工数据通信.     

LED室内可见光语音通信系统设计及实现

LED灯作为主要的新型照明工具,因其较高的灵敏度,可用于光通信系统中。为了研究与验证LED室内可见光语音通信系统的接收性能与传输距离,参照红外通信的信道模型,融入反射光的影响因素,在使用室内标准照明的光发射功率下,采用多径叠加网格算法,计算桌面各接收点接收信号功率等参量的分布,并设计与实现了LED可见光语音单向通信系统的收发电路。结果表明,当LED灯的发射功率大于2W、信号物理层通信速率不高于1Mbit/s的情况下,系统能够满足信号接收功率与接收信噪比的实际通信要求,并能够实现10m距离内的信号无失真解码与清晰收听。这一结果对LED可见光通信系统进一步的研究与应用有一定的价值。     

卫星星内漫反射无线光通信系统设计

卫星星内漫反射无线光通信系统利用漫反射光作为传输介质替代传统的有线电缆,对卫星的减重、降能耗发挥了巨大作用,并可简化卫星在组装、集成和测试(AIT)阶段的工作。分析和仿真了卫星星内空间漫反射光传输链路。通过使用红外LED发射光信号,PIN光电二极管接收光信号来完成光电信号之间的转换,并结合CAN总线通信系统,设计了一套卫星星内无线光通信系统。系统在星内空间模拟平台上进行测试,实现了可视链路上1M波特率和非可视漫反射链路上500K波特率的稳定通信。     

基于AVR的新型LED无线智能调光系统设计

设计了一种基于AVR单片机的LED智能无线调光系统。该系统驱动电源部分采用高度集成反激型电源拓扑结构,采用MAX16802作为LED的恒流驱动器,调光部分采用ATmeagel6单片机作为控制核心,利用AVR单片机定时器的精确定时来产生占空比可调的PWM信号对LED灯进行调光。无线控制模块采用体积小、成本低、功耗小的红外遥控,实验结果显示所设计的LED调光系统效率高、满足大功率LED照明的电压电流工作要求,具有良好的无线调光功能。     

基于LED的紫外光通信系统研究

针对现有基于低压汞蒸气灯日盲紫外光通信系统通信速率低、驱动电压高、光源响应速度慢、电光转换效率低和功耗过高等问题,提出并设计了一套基于LED的日盲紫外光通信系统。该系统以深紫外LED作为光源,用光电倍增管探测微弱光信号,采用脉冲位置调制(PPM)技术和最大似然解调技术,并用现场可编程门阵列完成了调制解调部分的设计与仿真。实验表明,采用深紫外LED和PPM技术,可以大幅度提高系统的通信速率、电光转换效率,同时显著降低驱动电压和系统功耗。     

基于光电倍增管的自动增益控制技术研究

为了压缩水下无线光通信系统中接收光信号的动态范围、提高有效通信距离,从自动增益控制技术的基础理论入手,利用光电倍增管增益可随工作电压改变的特性,设计出基于光电倍增管实现的自动增益控制电路,其数字控制部分以单片机为核心,并在空气中模拟水下实验。结果表明,该电路可以对接收光信号实现40dB的压缩,提高了水下无线光通信的有效范围。     

相干光通信系统中光束的偏振控制及控制算法研究

在相干光通信系统中,由于大气湍流的影响,信号光的偏振态具有不确定性,而光混频器对信号光和本振光的偏振态比较敏感。结合光混频器原理推导出信号光偏振态、中频信号和混频效率三者之间的关系,以中频信号幅值作为反馈控制信号光偏振态以提高混频效率,并设计一种适用于相干光通信系统的单粒子优化算法。实验结果表明,在闭环状态下,偏振控制系统中频信号的幅值快速增大,混频效率提升64%左右,中频信号幅值的波动方差减小为0.001,实现了相干光通信系统中的偏振控制。     

基于白光LED的可见光通信系统研究

针对白光LED可见光语音通信问题,设计了9W白光LED通信系统,实现了300～ 8000Hz语音信号的传输.首先给出了基于UART的通信系统设计方案,然后制作了白光LED的可见光通信系统硬件装置,最后以该硬件装置为基础进行了单片机程序设计.经过测试,该系统通信距离为36cm,串口波特率为227kb/s,输出语音功率为0.7W,达到了设计要求.     

基于多基色LED和OFDM的可见光通信系统

目前,基于单白光LED的光正交频分复用(OFDM)系 统结构的频谱效率(SE)成倍低于传统OFDM系统,为了提高SE,对多基色LED的宽带通信潜能进行了研究,在综合分析经典光OFDM 调制技术的基础 上,提出一种基于多基色LED和OFDM的可见光通信(VLC)系统。系统发射机采用 M基色LED作为发射天线, 并采用OFDM对二进制数据进行调制,调制后的多个复信号再通过二维复信号转 M维实向量信号的方法 和极性编码方法,驱动M基色LED发出复合光信号,接收机采用M 个前端设置有不同颜色滤波器的光 电二极管(PD)接收叠加复合光信号。仿真结果表明,在相同误符号率情况下,本文系统在加 性高斯白噪声环境和 实测信道条件下比经典的非对称限幅光OFDM(ACO-OFDM)的VLC系统大约有2dB的信噪比(SNR)增益。     

基于无线可见光通信的双向语音对讲系统

设计并实现了基于无线可见光通信(VLC)的双向语 音对讲系统。上下行链路均使用普通的1W发光二极管(LED)手电筒作为发射端光源, 同时实现语音传输和照明功能。系统采用开关键控-非归零码(OOK-NRZ)调制方式,在测 试LED的光电特性后,设计了LED 驱动电路和接收电路;使用单片机控制音频编解码芯片实现语音信号的采集、处理和传输, 通过异步收发传输接口(UART) 进行数据传输,实现了最远通信距离为40m、最高传输速率为2.5Mbit/s的全双工实时语音 对讲。本文系统实现复杂度低、成 本低和功耗小,并可应用于其他数据传输场合,具有良好的实用性和广泛的适用性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.