蜂窝陶瓷载体上氧化铝涂层的制备

采用溶胶凝胶法在蜂窝陶瓷载体表面制备了氧化铝涂层,使用SEM、BET等分析手段研究了氧化铝涂层的结构形貌和特性。试验结果表明,氧化铝涂层在陶瓷载体上附着牢固。铝溶胶中加入尿素可以有效调整溶胶的粘度,从而能够获得负载量大,比表面积高的氧化铝涂层。     

添加剂对多孔陶瓷载体氧化铝涂层的影响

在以SB粉为原料,HNO3为解胶剂制得的稳定AlOOH溶胶中加入添加剂(PEG、PVA),对多孔陶瓷载体进行了表面涂层.考察了添加剂对AlOOH溶胶粘度的影响;BET法测定了AlOOH溶胶中加入添加剂后多孔陶瓷载体氧化铝涂层比表面积的变化;由SEM照片观察多孔陶瓷载体涂层前后表面和断面的形貌;超声波振荡检测了氧化铝涂层的附着牢固度.结果表明,在AlOOH溶胶中加入一定量的添加剂可以使溶胶的粘度增加,提高溶胶在载体表面的附着力;制备的多孔陶瓷载体氧化铝涂层均匀、牢固且比表面积增大.但加入过量的添加剂,会导致AlOOH溶胶胶凝化.     

金属陶瓷涂层耐蚀性影响因素的研究

研究了溶胶制备中所用催化剂种类、基体金属前处理及涂层厚度对金属陶瓷涂层耐蚀性的影响,不含ＣＩ＾－催化剂的溶胶－凝胶配方所得陶瓷涂层的耐蚀性最了,适当的前处理及适宜的涂层厚度有利于提高陶瓷涂层的耐蚀性。     

溶胶—凝胶法与金属表面改性

以２９篇参考文献概述了溶胶－凝胶涂层技术，溶胶－凝胶涂层可以提高玻璃、陶瓷、金属基板的耐蚀性，氧化性，耐磨性和拒水性能。     

超声化学法合成纳米γ-氧化铝粉末

以硝酸铝、碳酸氢氨为原料,应用超声化学法制备纳米γ-氧化铝粉末。实验研究了反应物浓度、煅烧时间及反应体系中乙醇对氧化铝粒径的影响。用XRD、TEM和扫描探针技术对粉末进行了表征。结果表明:在硝酸铝浓度为0.1mol/L,煅烧温度为900℃的条件下,当碳酸氢氨的浓度为0.8 mol/L,聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)的质量分数为7%,煅烧时间在1.25 h时可制得粒径为50 nm左右、近似球形的纳米γ-氧化铝粉末。超声波和体系中含有一定量的乙醇可以减轻团聚现象的产生。     

陶瓷表面抗菌凝胶涂层的研究

以正硅酸乙酯、乙酸锌为原料制得溶胶,常温常压下在陶瓷釉面砖表面喷涂溶胶、低温凝胶化及热处理制得含锌离子的二氧化硅凝胶涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱分析、抗菌测试对涂层的结构和形貌及抗菌性能进行了表征。结果表明,当锌离子浓度、陶瓷表面坯体温度、热处理温度、抗菌试验时间分别为1.9mol/L、25℃、500℃和3h时,薄膜与陶瓷表面结合效果最好,抗菌性能最佳。     

添加聚醚醚酮对Al_2O_3陶瓷组织及性能的影响（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

为改善氧化铝陶瓷的耐磨性和耐蚀性,用喷雾造粒的方法将PEEK(聚醚醚酮)加入到由亚微米氧化铝粉末制备的团聚粉中,制备了Al_2O_3陶瓷基复合涂层材料。用扫描电子显微镜分析了复合材料的组织结构,测试了复合陶瓷涂层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,并与纯氧化铝的性能进行对比。结果表明:添加PEEK的Al_2O_3复合陶瓷涂层在磨损试验中的摩擦系数低于Al_2O_3陶瓷,摩擦磨损更稳定,耐磨性更高,在20和30 N载荷下,复合涂层的平均摩擦因数分别为0.593 0和0.589 6,降低了15.8%和15.6%,平均磨损量分别降低了15.7%和17.6%;相对于Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层,复合陶瓷涂层的自腐蚀电位提高15.3%,电流密度降低47.5%,耐腐蚀性提高。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备粒径可控的纳米钛酸铅

纳米钛酸铅是一种应用广泛的压电材料。采用溶胶-凝胶法研究了纳米钛酸铅的制备,考察了凝胶的煅烧温度、反应物的浓度及溶胶的反应温度对纳米颗粒粒径的影响和变化规律。研究表明,控制钛酸丁酯-醇溶液浓度为0.100～1.000 mol/L、醋酸铅-醋酸浓度为0.500～1.500 mol/L、溶胶反应温度为70～90℃、凝胶煅烧温度为400～800℃,可制备出平均粒径在20～50 nm范围的近似球形的四方相纳米钛酸铅。制备条件对纳米钛酸铅的粒径有显著影响:随溶胶反应温度和凝胶煅烧温度的升高,所制备纳米钛酸铅平均粒径增大;当醋酸铅-醋酸溶液浓度为1.500 mol/L,随钛酸丁酯-醇溶液浓度由0.100 mol/L增大至1.000 mol/L,所制备纳米钛酸铅粒径先增大后减小。制备粒径可控的纳米钛酸铅对其性能及应用具有重要的价值。     

添加聚醚醚酮对Al_2O_3陶瓷组织及性能的影响（英文）

为改善氧化铝陶瓷的耐磨性和耐蚀性,用喷雾造粒的方法将PEEK(聚醚醚酮)加入到由亚微米氧化铝粉末制备的团聚粉中,制备了Al_2O_3陶瓷基复合涂层材料。用扫描电子显微镜分析了复合材料的组织结构,测试了复合陶瓷涂层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,并与纯氧化铝的性能进行对比。结果表明:添加PEEK的Al_2O_3复合陶瓷涂层在磨损试验中的摩擦系数低于Al_2O_3陶瓷,摩擦磨损更稳定,耐磨性更高,在20和30 N载荷下,复合涂层的平均摩擦因数分别为0.593 0和0.589 6,降低了15.8%和15.6%,平均磨损量分别降低了15.7%和17.6%;相对于Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层,复合陶瓷涂层的自腐蚀电位提高15.3%,电流密度降低47.5%,耐腐蚀性提高。     

溶胶-凝胶封孔处理后AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前躯体,采用溶胶-凝胶技术在微弧氧化处理的AZ91D镁合金基体表面制备了SiO<,2>封孔涂层.采用热重(TG)、能谱(EDS)和扫描电镜(SEM)对凝胶热性能和涂层的成分及微观形貌进行了分析,并对封孔处理前后的试样进行耐蚀性检测.结果表明,封孔处理后,镁合金耐0.1 mol/L硫酸的时间超过...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。