ABS/OMMT、PA6/OMMT复合材料形态及性能

熔融挤出制备了有机蒙脱土(OMMT)含量不同的ABS/OMMT,PA6/OMMT复合材料,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等仪器研究OMMT分别在ABS、PA6基体中的分布情况及对其力学性能的影响.结果表明:在ABS/OMMT复合材料中,OMMT主要为插层结构,大部分OMMT片层以聚集状态存在;而对PA6/OMMT复合材料,OMMT片层主要以剥离形态分布在PA6基体相中;随着OMMT含量增加,ABS/OMMT复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度及弯曲模量都先上升后下降,且当OMMT含量在3份时性能较好,其缺口冲击强度呈下降趋势;PA6/OMMT复合材料在OMMT含量为3份时,其拉伸、弯曲强度和弯曲模量都出现极值现象,而缺口冲击强度线性降低.由于OMMT与PA6有较好的亲和力,在PA6中分散性较好,使PA6/OMMT复合材料的综合力学性能比ABS/OMMT复合材料的优异.     

PBA/OMMT制备及其对PA6力学性能的影响

用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)将Na基蒙脱土(MMT)改性成有机蒙脱土(OMMT),采用原位聚合法制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)/OMMT,并将其按适当比例添加到尼龙6(PA6)中。通过红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等表征了OMMT、PBA/OMMT的结构,并检测了PA6/PBA/OMMT复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:添加5%的PBA/OMMT后,PA6/PBA/OMMT复合材料的拉伸强度提高了23.1%,缺口冲击强度的降低幅度有所减缓。     

PA6/弹性体/OMMT复合材料的性能研究

将聚酰胺6(PA6)、三元乙丙橡胶/三元乙丙橡胶接枝马来酸酐(EPDM/EPDM-g-MAH)弹性体和有机蒙脱土(OMMT)共混,制备了PA6/弹性体/OMMT三元复合材料,并研究了该复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:当OMMT用量为2%时,PA6分子插层进入到OMMT片层中,当OMMT用量增至5%时则得到剥离型复合材料;随着OMMT用量的增加,PA6/弹性体/OMMT复合材料的冲击强度先增大后减小,其中当OMMT用量为2%时,复合材料的冲击强度达到54.29 kJ/m2,是纯PA6冲击强度(4.15 kJ/m2)的13.08倍;随OMMT用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均逐渐增大,而断裂伸长率则随着OMMT用量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,并且在OMMT用量为2%时出现最大值。另外当OMMT用量较少时(低于5%),其对弹性体粒径的影响不大,此时弹性体粒径较小;而当OMMT用量超过5%时,OMMT进入弹性体中并形成了核壳结构,增加了弹性体的模量和粒径,从而使复合材料的冲击韧性降低。     

PA6／OMMT／SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

以天然蒙脱土为原料，11-氨基酸作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土层间的阳离子进行交换制备OMMT，用原位聚合法制备PA6／OMMT／SiO2纳米复合材料，用X射线衍射仪、FT-IR光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等对OMMT、纳米复合材料的结构及力学性能进行表征。结果发现，添加3％（质量含量，下同）OMMT的PA6／OMMT复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量较纯PA6分别提高了19％、13．8％、14％；而纳米SiO2的加入使纳米复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度、刚性和韧性得到提高的同时，明显改善了蒙脱土使纳米复合材料缺口冲击强度下降的趋势，当纳米SiO2含量为1％时，缺口冲击强度提高了近33．5％。     

PA/POE/OMMT复合材料的制备及性能研究

分别以三种常用的尼龙(PA6,PA1010,PA11)为基体树脂,以乙烯–辛烯共聚物(POE)和有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)为增韧增强改性剂,采用熔融共混方法制备了PA/POE/OMMT复合材料,并研究了复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,当OMMT的添加量为3%时,三种复合材料(PA6/POE/OMMT,PA1010/POE/OMMT,PA11/POE/OMMT)的综合力学性能最佳,复合材料的冲击强度达到56.14,53.15,59.09 kJ/m2,分别为纯PA树脂的10.3,6.5,6.0倍。     

CaCl_2对PA6/OMMT/POE-g-MAH复合材料结构与性能的影响

通过挤出机熔融共混法制备了PA6/POE-g-MAH/OMMT/CaCl_2复合材料,研究了CaCl_2含量对PA6/POE-gMAH/OMMT/CaCl_2复合材料结晶行为及其力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着CaCl_2含量的增加,PA6/POE-g-MAH/OMMT/CaCl_2复合材料的弯曲强度呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。当CaCl_2为9%时,复合材料的弯曲强度达到最大值76.6 MPa。另外,随CaCl_2含量的增加,复合材料拉伸强度和冲击强度都呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。当CaCl_2为5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度(70.8 MPa)和冲击强度(11.8 k J/m2)分别达到最大值,与纯PA6相比拉伸强度(65.5 MPa)和冲击强度(5.5 k J/m2)分别提高了8%和114%。结晶性能研究表明:随着CaCl_2含量的增加,复合材料的成核温度、增长温度及熔融温度向低温方向移动。     

聚酰胺6/环氧树脂改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用环氧树脂改性蒙脱土（MMT）得到有机化蒙脱土（OMMT）,再用熔融插层法制备了聚酰胺6 （PA6）/ OMMT纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、万能材料试验机、热重分析仪等研究了PA6/OMMT复合材料的形态结构、力学性能和热稳定性。结果表明,经环氧树脂改性得到的OMMT的层间距明显增加,从未改性的1.22 nm增加到5.13 nm,并以纳米尺度分散于PA6基体中;随着OMMT含量的增加,PA6/ OMMT复合材料的强度和模量增加,热变形温度提高,其拉伸强度可达76 MPa,弯曲模量达到3.462 GPa,热变形温度为134 ℃;PA6/ OMMT复合材料失重10 %时的温度为422 ℃,比纯PA6的406 ℃提高了16 ℃,改善了PA6的热稳定性。     

马来酸酐接枝POE对PA6/OMMT性能的影响

用熔融共混法制备了尼龙6（PA6）／马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯-1共聚物（MAH-g-POE）／有机蒙脱土（OMMT）复合材料，研究了MAH-g-POE用量对PA6／OMMT复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着MAH-g-POE用量增加，复合材料的冲击强度显著提高，而拉伸强度和弯曲强度则呈现下降的趋势。     

HDPE/PA 6/有机蒙脱土复合体系的结构及性能

采用熔融共混法制备高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/聚酰胺(PA)6/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)多元复合材料,借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等分析了OMMT对HDPE/PA 6体系结构、性能的影响及作用机理。加入的少量OMMT以剥离形态分散在基体中,能起到较好的增容作用,并且改善了材料的冲击性能。但OMMT的加入使材料的熔体流动速率降低,剪切黏度增大。     

PP/PA6/OMMT纳米复合材料制备及其振动力场下发泡性能研究

利用复合引发剂(过氧化二异丙苯/过氧化苯甲酰)自制马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP g MAH)作为相容剂,制备了聚丙烯/聚酰胺6/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/纳米有机黏土（PP/PA6/PP g MAH/OMMT）复合材料,研究了相容剂和纳米OMMT含量对复合体系力学性能的影响,并利用自制超临界CO2塑料动态发泡实验装置,研究了发泡温度、转子转速、振动力场对复合材料发泡性能的影响。结果表明,在复合材料配比为PP/PA6/PP g MAH/OMMT=100/30/15/3时,与纯PP相比,复合材料的熔体强度提高了163 %,冲击强度提高了41 %,拉伸强度提高了8.4 %;在剪切力场上叠加振动力场,有助于改善泡孔形状,均化泡孔分布,提高泡孔密度。     

Investigation on morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/maleated ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber/organoclay composites

Maleated ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM‐g‐MA) toughened polyamide 6 (PA6)/organoclay (OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending. The role of OMMT in the morphology of the ternary composites and the relationship between the morphology and mechanical properties were investigated by varying the blending sequence. The PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA/OMMT (80/20/4) composites prepared by four different blending sequences presented distinct morphology and mechanical properties. The addition of OMMT could obviously decrease viscosity of the matrix and weaken the interfacial interactions between PA6 and EPDM‐g‐MA when blending EPDM‐g‐MA with a premixed PA6/OMMT nacocomposite, resulting in the increase of rubber particle size. The final mechanical properties are not only determined by the location of OMMT, but also by the interfacial adhesion between PA6 and EPDM‐g‐MA. Having maximum percentage of OMMT platelets in the PA6 matrix and keeping good interfacial adhesion between PA6 and EPDM‐g‐MA are beneficial to impact strength. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Polyamide 6/maleated ethylene–propylene–diene rubber/organoclay composites with or without glycidyl methacrylate as a compatibilizer

Polyamide 6 (PA6)/maleated ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM‐g‐MA)/organoclay (OMMT) composites were melt‐compounded through two blending sequences. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used as a compatibilizer for the ternary composites. The composite prepared through via the premixing of PA6 with OMMT and then further melt blending with EPDM‐g‐MA exhibited higher impact strength than the composite prepared through the simultaneous blending of all the components. However, satisfactorily balanced mechanical properties could be achieved by the addition of GMA through a one‐step blending sequence. The addition of GMA improved the compatibility between PA6 and EPDM‐g‐MA, and this was due to the reactions between PA6, EPDM‐g‐MA, and GMA, as proved by Fourier transform infrared analysis and solubility (Molau) testing. In addition, OMMT acted as a compatibilizer for PA6/EPDM‐g‐MA blends at low contents, but it weakened the interfacial interactions between PA6 and EPDM‐g‐MA at high contents. Both OMMT and GMA retarded the crystallization of PA6. The complex viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus of the composites were obviously affected by the addition of OMMT and GMA. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

有机蒙脱土对PA6/PP合金体系的作用机制及其对材料性能的影响

研究了有机蒙脱土对PA6/PP合金体系的作用机制及其对材料性能的影响。结果表明,OMMT的添加可以提高体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量,但冲击强度会有某种程度的下降;OMMT主要分散在PA6连续相中,且当其添加量质量份数低于5%时,可以在PA6相中实现较充分的剥离;OMMT对PA6/PP合金体系有着显著的增容作用,这可能和片层对PP分散相凝聚时的阻隔,以及片层所起到的类似接枝物的增容作用有关;OMMT在PA6基体中被充分剥离后,将有利于使复合体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度得到提高,但OMMT片层及和片层有关的类似接枝物的存在,将束缚并限制界面层附近PP相的屈服,而使材料冲击韧性下降。     

球磨法制备POE-g-MAH/OMMT增韧母粒及其对PA6增韧改性

通过球磨法制备马来酸酐接枝(乙烯-辛烯)共聚物(POE-g-MAH)／有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)增韧母粒,并将其用于尼龙(PA)6的增韧改性.结果表明,球磨法制备的POE-g-MAH/OMMT增韧母粒尺寸比较均匀,有少量POE-g-MAH进入OM MT片层之间,导致OMMT片层间距有所增加.POE-g-MAH/OMMT增...     

Mechanical and Hygrothermal Aging Study on Polystyrene/Organo-montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Melt intercalation blending of polystyrene (PS)/organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) was prepared using the extrusion technique followed by compression molding. The loading of OMMT ranged from 2–10 wt.%. Maleic-anhydride grafted poly(styrene-block-(ethylene-co-butadiene)-block-styrene) (SEBSgMAH) was added to PS/OMMT composites in order to improve the impact strength of the composites. The concentration of SEBSgMAH ranged from 5–15%. The mechanical properties of PS/OMMT were characterized using flexural and impact tests. The morphological properties of the composites were studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Intercalation of the OMMT layered silicates in the PS matrix was conformed by the XRD spectra. The incorporation of SEBSgMAH improved the flexural strength, flexural displacement, and impact strength of PS/OMMT significantly. The percentage of retention and recovery in impact strength of PS/OMMT nanocomposites after being subjected to hygrothermal aging were increased by the addition of SEBSgMAH.     

尼龙-6/蒙脱土的制备及用聚丁二烯改性的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为有机插层剂对无机蒙脱土进行处理制备有机蒙脱土,采用原位聚合法制备尼龙-6/OMMT纳米复合材料,并在聚合过程中添加聚丁二烯合成PA-6/PB/OMMT纳米复合物.用FT-IR,XRD等对复合材料进行表征,并进行力学性能分析.实验表明,PB的加入能相对提高尼龙-6/OMMT的冲击强度,在PB含量为3%时,复合材料的拉伸性能和冲击性能较好.     

Thermoplastic composites of polyamide‐12 reinforced by cellulose nanofibers with cationic surface modification

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have many useful properties, including high strength and low thermal expansion, and are also environmentally friendly, readily renewable, safe, and biodegradable. The focus of this study was the development of lightweight thermoplastic polymer composites with good mechanical properties based on the incorporation of CNFs that have undergone surface pretreatment with a cationic reagent. The polyamide (PA12) was mixed with surface‐treated CNFs using a twin screw extruder and the resulting pellets were injection molded. The Izod impact strength without notch of CNF‐based composites exceeded that of composites incorporating organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT), a representative nanocomposite material. When the Izod impact test without notch, the impact hammer was stopped by the specimen with incorporation of surface treated CNF. Furthermore, the bending modulus and strength were equal to or greater than that of OMMT composites. The heat distortion temperature was improved as 33°C from neat PA12, and moreover improved as 29°C from OMMT composites. Cationic pretreatment of the CNF surfaces was found to increase the dispersion of the fibers and also to greatly improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40920.     

Phase morphology evolution and compatibilization of immiscible polyamide 6/polystyrene blends using nano‐montmorillonite

Nanocomposites of organic nano‐montmorillonite (nano‐OMMT)‐filled immiscible polyamide 6 (PA6)/polystyrene (PS) blends were prepared by three different processing methods. Masterbatch M1 of OMMT/PA6 and masterbatch M2 of OMMT/PS were prepared as separate masterbatchs by melt mixing with PA6 or PS, and then either mixed together or each mixed individually with appropriate amounts of PS or PA6, respectively. The effects of nano‐OMMT content and processing method on the structure, phase morphology, and mechanical properties of the PA6/PS/OMMT nanocomposites were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical properties tests. The results showed that the nano‐OMMT by M1 and M2 masterbatches dispersed primarily as exfoliated platelets in the PA6 matrix in the final composites regardless of the method of preparation. A drastic decrease of dispersed PS phase size and a very homogeneous size distribution were observed with the addition of nano‐OMMT. The PA6/PS/OMMT nanocomposites prepared from the M2 displayed the smallest dispersed PS phase size and best distribution of OMMT. The improvement of the mechanical properties of the PA6/PS/OMMT nanocomposites was attributed to the enhanced compatibilization of the immiscible PA6/PS blends by using nano‐OMMT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers