特殊工艺铸造特殊产品（二）

日本神户钢铁公司以铁矿石为生产原料，这意味着铜、镍、砷等夹杂元素要低于用电炉和废钢生产的钢水．在转炉脱碳之前的铁水预处理阶段使磷、硫含量低于0．01％；脱碳后，钢水倒人钢包，尽力除掉炉渣；最终经LF技术处理后，在连铸机上浇铸合格的钢水．     

降低钢铁料消耗的生产实践

介绍炼钢厂钢铁料消耗的一般构成。从降低转炉吹损率、铸机收得率和提高铸坯质量以降低退应率＞万面系统研究和攻关，降低钢铁料消耗取得明服实效。     

珠钢150 t竖炉降低冶炼电耗措施

介绍了珠钢150 t竖炉通过加强钢铁料管理、采用强化冶炼技术(预热废钢、大吹氧喷碳、造好泡沫渣、预留钢量等技术)、提高操作技能及减少设备故障率等措施进行降低冶炼电耗,取得了显著效果.     

降低炼钢过程钢铁料消耗实践

通过转炉炼钢过程以及前后相关工序的工艺组合、优化,操作设计和规范,原料适应性调整,以达到降低钢铁料消耗的目的,提高企业竞争力水平。     

短流程——钢铁生产工艺发展的潮流（一）

冶金生产工艺短流程是相对于传统的钢铁生产工艺流程而言的。有关专家表示，冶金企业通过减少传统钢铁生产工艺中的一些工序，以降低生产成本、提高劳动生率，这是二十世纪七八十年代以来，钢铁生产工艺流程发展的新潮流。近终形连铸、铁矿石直接还原与熔融还原、超高功率电炉等高新技术装备的发展，为冶金企业实现短流程生产工艺奠定了基础。专家认为，未来典型的钢铁生产工艺短流程将是：无焦炼铁——超高功率电炉／复吹转炉——薄板坯连铸连轧——冷连轧。     

大型转炉废钢资源利用实践与探讨

讨论了废钢资源利用对节能降耗的意义,分析了影响大型转炉废钢比的因素,制定了提高转炉废钢比的措施,取得了良好的效果;同时结合洁净钢生产的需要,在原有的废钢技术标准上,提出了洁净钢生产废钢的新要求。     

提高转炉废钢比的技术措施

介绍国内外转炉提高废钢比方面的经验,提出了重钢提高转炉废钢比应采取的技术措施．     

复吹转炉锰矿直接合金化热力学模型研究

基于某钢厂铁水、废钢和造渣料等的成分得出转炉炼钢的渣量计算模型,根据热力学原理得出锰的收得率和终点锰含量的预报模型。对模型研究结果表明,提高终点出钢温度、渣碱度、锰矿品位和铁水Mn含量,降低终渣含量及渣中FeO含量,可显著提高Mn的收得率和终点Mn含量。     

提高转炉废钢比的技术措施

介绍国内外转炉提高废钢比方面的经验,提出了重钢提高转炉废钢比应采取的技术措施。     

马钢70吨转炉降低铁水消耗的生产实践

为了提高废钢比,降低转炉铁水消耗,解决炼钢产能大于炼铁产能的现状,马钢70 t转炉通过提高入炉铁水温度,少渣冶炼,降低出钢温度,利用铁块进行温度补偿,优化组织生产减少钢液在钢包中的温降,优化转炉供氧制度,溅渣护炉工艺等措施,使得铁水消耗从869 kg/t降到834 kg/t,铁水消耗降低明显并实现了稳产。     

转炉炼钢静态控制数学模型的研究

通过收集某钢厂５０ｔ转炉现场生产数据,利用统计回归分析方法进行计算机处理,建立 了氧气顶吹转炉炼钢的静态控制数学模型,即控制终点钢水碳含量的氧耗量方程和控 制终点钢水温度的废钢用量方程,并对模型进行了优化     

韶钢120t转炉炼钢终点静态控制模型开发与应用

针对韶钢第三炼钢厂依靠人工经验炼钢的实际情况,采用以物料平衡和热平衡为基础的理论模型和优化的增量模型相结合的建模方式,构建转炉终点静态控制模型。其中增量模型的参考炉次是经过模糊聚类中传递闭包算法处理,整个静态控制模型由C#编程语言实现。该模型在韶钢第三炼钢厂现场应用的结果表明,应用转炉炼钢终点静态控制模型预测出的造渣料、吹氧量和冷却剂的加入量,可以满足终点碳质量分数±0.02%和终点温度±20℃的范围,终点双命中率在70%以上。     

铁屑电解法处理印染废水

研制了一种新的以铁屑为电极材料的电解装置,用于印染废水的处理。讨论了各种因素对电能消耗、处理效果的影响。在合适的电解条件下,废水处理效果和电能消耗与用铁板为电极的装置相接近,且可使投资费用和运行费用降低一半     

应用LCA分析中国典型钢铁企业的环境负荷

为得到钢材的环境负荷,基于生命周期评价方法对中国典型钢铁企业中不同流程中的各工序,系统、定量地分析评价环境负荷.采用GaBi 4.3软件提供的CML2001环境影响分类方法,将各工序的环境影响进行分类,并根据特征化因子,分析生产1 t钢材产生的环境影响.分析结果表明:长流程生产过程主要的环境影响是焦化、烧结、高炉炼铁和废钢回收环节产生的水生生态毒性、人体毒性、化石能源耗竭和矿产资源耗竭等.其中,长流程的炼钢过程对气候变化、人体毒性、水生生态毒性和固体废弃物的影响较大,分别约占该类型总环境影响值的30%,95%,50%和90%;短流程生产过程主要的环境影响为铁水和电炉炼钢过程产生的气候变化、酸化和光化学臭氧形成等.该研究结果可为钢铁企业调整两种不同流程提供一定的理论依据,有助于准确发现生产过程中各环节节能降耗、降低环境负荷的潜力所在,从而有利于钢铁企业对生产流程进行改进或优化.     

Molten steel yield optimization of a converter based on constructal theory

Constructal theory is introduced into the molten steel yield maximization of a converter in this paper. For the specific total cost of materials, generalized constructal optimization of a converter steel-making process is performed. The optimal cost distribution of materials is obtained, and is also called as "generalized optimal construct". The effects of the hot metal composition contents, hot metal temperature, slag basicity and ratio of the waste steel price to the sinter ore price on the optimization results are analyzed.The results show that the molten steel yield after optimization is increased by 5.48% compared with that before optimization when sinter ore and waste steel are taken as the coolants, and the molten steel yield is increased by 6.84% when only the sinter ore is taken as the coolant. It means that taking sinter ore as coolant can improve the economic performance of the converter steelmaking process. Decreasing the contents of the silicon, phosphorus and manganese in the hot metal can increase the molten steel yield. The change of slag basicity affects the molten steel yield a little.     

Theory and practice of the optimizing of charging structure in EAF steelmaking

The viewpoint about harmful residual element control, the charging structure and its influence on production index due to the diversification of raw material in EAF steelmaking was expatiated. The residual element control model, the concept of the proportion of iron and steel and the charging structure triangle were putted forward. Based on theoretical calculation and statistical analysis, the influence of charging structure on production index was discussed, and it was found that the utilizing efficiency of energy will reduce as the proportion of iron and steel in EAF steelmaking increases.     

留渣量对“双渣+留渣”炼钢工艺的影响

通过热力学计算以及工业试验研究留渣量对"双渣+留渣"炼钢工艺的影响。理论计算结果表明,在铁水成分维持不变时,其合理的留渣量约为4.3 t,考虑在实际生产中铁水成分的波动,留渣量可取3~5 t。工业试验表明,采用新的"双渣+留渣"炼钢工艺,留渣量过低易造成第1阶段结束倒渣时渣中含Fe量过高,合理的留渣量为3~4 t,平均降低铁损为2~3 kg/t钢。理论计算结果与工艺试验结果基本一致。     

转炉炼钢渣中Cu_2O与NiO的还原实验研究

结合某钢厂顶底复吹转炉冶炼含有铜、镍等成分耐候钢的生产过程,在实验室对铁碳熔体和纯铁液还原炼钢渣中铜、镍等氧化物进行研究。结果表明,在初始条件相同的情况下,1 300℃下铁碳熔体分别还原渣中Cu2O和NiO时,Cu2O比NiO更易还原,还原速度更快。1 600℃时在实验研究的碱度范围内,含有25%FeO的转炉终点渣中Cu2O、NiO能被纯铁液在10~20 min内还原完毕,尤其前10 min内w[Cu]、w[Ni]增长迅速。在相同碱度下,渣中Cu2O、NiO同时还原的速率基本相同;随着渣碱度的增大,Cu2O、NiO还原的速率及终还原率均有所降低。     

Crushing performance and resource characteristic of printed circuit board scrap

The crushing performance of printed circuit board （PCB） was studied on several crushers. The results show that PCB is a material which is difficult to crush. The crushing performance of PCB with disk crusher, especially vibration grinding, which has cut or impact action, excels that of jaw crusher or roller crusher. The PCB scrap is worthwhile to recycle using variety of modern characterization methods. When compared with natural resources, this material stream remains a rich precious metal and nonferrous metals. In PCB scrap, metals account for 47% of the total material composition, in which there exists 19.66% copper, 11.47% iron, 3.93% lead, 300 g/t gold and 5 - 10 kg/t silver, etc. In addition, the PCB scrap contains 27% of plastics and 26% of refractory oxides.     

Iron ore tailings used for the preparation of cementitious material by compound thermal activation

In the background of little reuse and large stockpile for iron ore railings, iron ore tailing from Chinese Tonghua were used as raw material to prepare cementitious materials. Cementitious properties of the iron ore tailings activated by compound thermal ac-tivation were studied. Testing methods, such as XRD, TG-DTA, and IR were used for researching the phase and structure variety of the iron ore tailings in the process of compound thermal activation. The results reveal that a new cementitious material that contains 30wt% of the iron ore tailings can be obtained by compounded thermal activation, whose mortar strength can come up to the stan-dard of 42.5 cement of China.