一个DC-32GHz两位微机械移相器

采用分布式微机械传输线结构实现了两位移相器,并且为了减小传输线负载电容和驱动电压首次提出了用共面波导传输线来驱动微机械桥的结构(共面波导驱动结构).结果显示驱动电压小于20V,20GHz时两位移相器的相移为0°/20.1°/41.9°/68.2°,插入损耗为-1.2dB.在DC到32GHz的范围内相移具有良好的线性,插入损耗小于-1.8dB,反射损耗好于-11dB.实验结果表明了该结构在高介电常数衬底上制造低插损、宽带数字微机械射频移相器的潜力.     

五位分布式MEMS传输线移相器的优化设计

通过在共面波导传输线上周期性地加载分布电容,外加驱动电压改变电容值,实现分布式MEMS传输线移相器。从三个方面优化了五位分布式MEMS传输线移相器的设计:一是分别设计了11.25°和22.5°两种微桥,单元在Ka波段的插入损耗均大于-0.8 dB,回波损耗均小于-15 dB,相移精度小于0.4°,新的五位移相器以2种单元、19个微桥的结构替代了传统单一单元、31个微桥的结构,可减少微桥的总数;二是CPW传输线采用折叠布局,通过共用部分地线,移相器平面尺寸减小至1.81 mm×3.84 mm,相比传统五位分布式移相器,面积减小了56%,实现了器件的小型化;三是设计了一种新型的直流偏置结构,结构简单、工艺容易实现。     

Ka波段0/Π MEMS移相器

报道了一种Ka波段实时延MEMS移相器芯片。该移相器基于开关线式移相器设计原理,集成了4个MEMS三端口直接接触式毫米波开关单元,使用共面波导(CPW)传输线,利用阶梯阻抗的方式实现传输线拐角和CPW空气桥结构的传输线阻抗匹配。芯片采用RF MEMS表面牺牲层工艺制作在400μm厚的高阻硅衬底上,面积为1.4 mm×2.8 mm。测试显示,在34~36 GHz频率范围内,相移误差3.2°,插入损耗2 dB,反射损耗小于-15 dB。     

开关线型四位数字MEMS移相器

介绍了一种基于射频微机械串联开关设计的开关线型四位数字微机电系统(M icro-e lectrom echan ica lSystem s以下简称M EM S)移相器。该移相器集成了16个RF M EM S开关,使用了13组四分之一波长传输线和M IM接地耦合电容,有效地使开关的驱动信号和微波信号隔离,串联容性开关设计有效地降低了开关的启动电压。使用低温表面微机械工艺在360μm厚的高阻硅衬底上制作移相器,芯片尺寸4.8 mm×7.8 mm。移相器样品在片测试结果表明,频点10.1 GH z,22.5°相移位的相移误差为±0.4,°插损2.8 dB;45°位的相移误差为±1.1,°插损2.0 dB;在X波段,对16个相移态的测试结果表明,移相器的插入损耗小于4.0 dB,驻波比小于2.4,开关驱动电压为17~20 V。     

12-18GHz宽带铁氧体移相器设计*

采用矩波导结构形式,对影响饱和差相移的主要参数进行优化,设计了一个可工作于12-18GHz,带宽40%的双环铁氧体移相器,饱和差相移370°,频散约7.8°,插入损耗优于-0.4dB。整个带宽内最少存在三个高次模,但都未被激发。用两级转换器对宽度为15.8mm的空波导进行匹配,可实现反射损耗小于-20dB。计算结果还显示,通过调整两级匹配介质的介电常数和增加一个容性台阶,可以改善移相器的宽带匹配性能。按设计制作出的移相器实测性能:饱和差相移约360°,频散约8°,整个带宽内无损耗峰出现。在12-17.5GHz内插入损耗优于0.6dB,驻波小于1.4。     

一种S频段反射型可调模拟移相器的设计

设计了一种应用于S频段卫星通信相控阵系统的反射型可调模拟移相器。该移相器利用三分支线定向耦合器扩展了带宽,改善了工作频段内驻波;采用传输线和变容二极管构成的L型反射负载扩大了相移量。测试结果表明,在上行频段1.98～2.01 GHz内,相移量达到191°±1°,在下行频段2.17～2.2 GHz内,相移量达到186°±0.1°;插入损耗优于3.3 dB且插入损耗波动小于1 dB,回波损耗在整个电压调谐范围内均大于20 dB。该移相器结构简单、便于调节且价格低廉,在卫星通信领域有一定的应用价值。     

4位毫米波MEMS移相器

报道了一款开关线型Ka波段MEMS移相器,采用了16只悬臂梁结构MEMS开关,实现了4位相移。采用阶梯阻抗共面波导(CPW)传输线设计,实现了一种新型而紧凑的移相器阻抗匹配的结构。采用RF MEMS低温表面牺牲层工艺,在高阻硅片上实现了单片4位MEMS移相器样品,在35GHz频点,平均插入损耗-5.8dB,16态相移误差≤8.5°,芯片尺寸5.3mm×2.9mm。分析MEMS移相器插损的构成,提出了降低MEMS移相器插损的工艺途径,预期Ka波段4位MEMS移相器的平均插损可降为-2.6dB,满足低成本毫米波MEMS相控阵系统应用需求。     

基于微机械工艺的60 GHz波束扫描天线阵

提出了一种应用于高速率无线通信的基于微机械工艺的波束扫描天线阵.基于微机械工艺的空气填充的同轴线结构能提供低损耗的矩形微同轴传输线和馈电网络设计.设计的传输线仿真和测试插入损耗均小于0.18 dB.仿真和测试结果吻合良好.波束扫描天线阵的尺寸为17.5×14.5×0.42 mm3, -10 dB带宽为10 GHz(55~65 GHz), 其带宽覆盖60 GHz标准的全频段.波束扫描角度分别为±35°和±11°.在60 GHz中心频点, 增益分别为11.8 dBi和12.1 dBi.     

11.25°毫米波数字移相器的设计

设计了一种Ka波段11.25°数字移相器。采用一前一后加载支线的方式,在Ka波段内研制出11.25°数字移相器。该移相器在30～31GHz工作频带内,驻波比小于1.65,插入损耗小于3dB,固定相移11.25°,相位精度达到±3°。     

Ka波段五位分布式MEMS传输线移相器设计

通过在共面波导上周期性地加载分布电容,外加驱动电压改变电容值,实现分布式MEMS移相器。首先给出了5位分布式MEMS移相器的总体结构图,分析了理论参数的设计方法。再采用HFSS建立单个微桥的三维电磁仿真模型,利用仿真得到的S参数拟合微桥的up态和down态电容值并与理论设计电容值对比,确定MEMS桥精确的结构参数。最后采用ADS建立分布式MEMS移相器整体的微波等效电路,仿真得出移相器的性能指标参数。仿真结果表明移相器在35GHz时移相精度小于0.6°,移相器的插入损耗小于0.3dB,回波损耗大于25dB。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.