The Structure of the Value Function in Pursuit-Evasion Games on Surfaces of Revolution

The paper studies pursuit-evasion games when a game space is a manifold different from a Euclidian space. In this case, there are two or more geodesy lines of equal length that connect players. Games on 2D surfaces are examined. New results for the games on hyperboloids are presented. An important role is played by focal points in a variational problem on geodesic line.     

点云曲面的多层次几何图像表示

提出了点云曲面的几何图像表示方法．通过球面极坐标将点云曲面的几何信息及表面属性信息映射到二维图像中;对于结构复杂的点云曲面,提出了多层次图像的方法,达到了对点云曲面的精确表示．利用该方法易于实现对点云曲面的压缩、编辑、简化、模型检索、渐进传输等．     

动压-过载约束下无人机追逃最优机动决策研究

针对动压-过载约束下的无人机追逃机动控制问题,为优化设计,提出了采用微分对策的时间最优机动决策算法。首先建立无人机追逃质点动力学模型,然后根据双方极值原理,建立系统在动压-过载约束与追逃性能指标下的哈密顿-雅可比方程,通过此方程将无人机追逃机动控制问题转化为两点边值优化问题,并利用配点法求解两点边值问题的数值解,从而获得相应无人机的最优机动控制策略。最后以某型无人机纵向追逃控制为例进行数值仿真。仿真结果表明,改进算法不仅能有效求解无人机追逃双方的最优机动控制策略,而且满足期望的追踪性能指标和动压-过载约束条件。     

Frequency Interval Gramians Based Structure Preserving Model Order Reduction for Second Order Systems

A new structure preserving model order reduction technique for second order systems in limited frequency interval is presented. Frequency limited Gramians (FLGs) and corresponding continuous time algebraic lyapunov equations (CALEs) are developed. For solution of CALEs and Cholesky factorization of FLGs, computationally efficient approximation scheme is proposed. Multiple transformations based on balancing of frequency limited position or velocity Gramians are defined in order to compute Hankel singular values (HSVs). Frequency limited second order balanced truncation based on magnitudes of HSVs is performed for order reduction. Moreover, stability conditions for reduced order models (ROMs) are stated and algorithms for achieving stability in ROMs are proposed. Results are compared with existing technique to certify the usefulness of the proposed technique.     

基于隐式曲面的3维树木建模

为了利用隐式曲面构造出光滑拼接的3维树木枝条模型,同时义能避免3维树木建模中枝条曲面的单一性,以增强树木模型局部细节的真实感描述.提出了一种基于隐式曲面的3维树木建模方法,该方法首先将基于骨架的隐式曲面与具有多项式密度分布的直线骨架卷积曲面结合起来进行3维树木建模;然后采用BlobTree结构来组合隐式曲面原型,并用优化融合来消除树木枝条的融合突起;最后用PCM等隐式曲面建模技术来模拟3维树木表面的局部细节,并采用实际树木图片中的颜色概率分布进行纹理填充.实验结果表明,该方法不仅可以重构出具有多样性的光滑3维树木枝条,并能够逼真地生成树权脊梁、树木突起等局部细节特征.     

Reconstructing Surfaces and Functions on Surfaces from Unorganized Three-Dimensional Data

Creating a computer model from an existing part is a common problem in reverse engineering. The part might be scanned with a device like the laser range scanner, or points might be measured on its surface with a mechanical probe. Sometimes, not only the spatial location of points, but also some associated physical property can be measured. The problem of automatically reconstructing from this data a topologically consistent and geometrically accurate model of the object and of the sampled scalar field is the subject of this paper. The proposed algorithm can deal with connected, orientable manifolds of unrestricted topological type, given a sufficiently dense and uniform sampling of the object's surface. It is capable of automatically reconstructing both the model and a scalar field over its surface. It uses Delaunay triangulations, Voronoi diagrams, and α-shapes for efficiency of computation and theoretical soundness. It generates a representation of the surface and the field based on Bernstein—Bézier polynomials, with the surface modeled by implicit patches (A-patches), that are guaranteed to be smooth and single-sheeted. Received June 1, 1994; revised February 2, 1995, and August 14, 1995.     

基于Bernstein函数类的Bezier曲面类

为了进一步丰富Bezier曲面理论,以及克服原有Bezier曲面理论中的一些不足,在梁锡坤提出的Bernstein函数类的基础上,对基于该类函数的Bezier曲面类的生成方法进行了研究。并给出了两种具体的Bezier曲面类曲面,这两种曲面是基于有理形式调配函数,即RB函数的实用曲面,称之为RB曲面和附权RB曲面。重点研究了RB曲面和附权RB曲面的表示方法和有关性质,同时还分析了这两种曲面之间以及与Bezier曲面之间的关系。得到了较好的结果,使Bezier曲面理论更加完善。     

基于流形的光滑曲面构造

将传统参数曲面的规则定义域推广到一般的二维流形上,并基于定义域微分流形提出了一种新的光滑曲面构造方法.该方法运用最短距离构造基函数,从整体上直接构造出任意拓扑结构的光滑流形曲面,无须分片生成后再进行拼接.而且该算法所生成的流形曲面具有很好的局部性和可控性,NURBS曲面上的很多方法在此曲面上仍然适用.实验结果表明,该构造方法可以构造出非常复杂的曲面.     

The Variable Order Fast Multipole Method for Boundary Integral Equations of the Second Kind

We discuss the variable order Fast Multipole Method (FMM) applied to piecewise constant Galerkin discretizations of boundary integral equations. In this version of the FMM low-order expansions are employed in the finest level and orders are increased in the coarser levels. Two versions will be discussed, the first version computes exact moments, the second is based on approximated moments. When applied to integral equations of the second kind, both versions retain the asymptotic error of the direct method. The complexity estimate of the first version contains a logarithmic term while the second version is O(N) where N is the number of panels.This work was supported by the NSF under contract DMS-0074553     

张量积Bezier曲面的降阶

应用张量积Bezier曲面的几何性质和遗传算法，给出了Bezier曲面的降阶。与已有的算法相比，该算法具有计算简单、逼近误差直接给出，几何直观性强等优点。     

过测地线的B样条曲面优化设计

给定一组不相交B样条曲线或满足一定约束的相交B样条曲线,提出了插值已知B样条曲线且以这组曲线为等参测地线的B样条曲面构造方法.插值曲面上的控制顶点分2步确定:首先利用B样条乘积和升阶理论显式计算曲面上与插值条件相关的控制顶点,其次由极小化Dirichlet能量确定曲面上其他自由控制顶点.采用文中方法构造的插值测地线曲面具有次数低、形状易控制等优点,并通过计算实例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

点模型的几何图像简化法

提出一种基于几何图像的曲率自适应点模型简化算法.首先将点模型的球面极坐标映射到平面上,构造其几何图像;然后利用几何图像确定点模型中点的k-最近邻域及其曲面变分;最后结合曲面变分和简化密度对点集曲面重采样,并通过移动最小二乘曲面评估简化的误差.实验结果表明,该算法执行速度快、易于控制采样密度和保持曲面细节,且能够生成高质量的简化曲面.     

运动曲面求交优化算法

运动曲面求交通常采用曲面求交算法，通过反复迭代求取曲面交线，没有考虑运动曲面自身的特性进行求交简化．由于运动曲面不同运动瞬间的曲面交线之间存在必然联系，因此通过对曲面内在属性分析，提出了运用运动曲面不同运动瞬间曲面交线相似性进行运动曲面求交的优化算法．首先对两个运动曲面的基曲面进行预处理。获取表征曲面交线拓扑的特征点；根据特征点分布图确定不同运动瞬间曲面交线起始点搜索策略，采用跟踪法动态调整步长和跟踪方向求解整个交线环．采用文中方法可以有效地解决运动曲面的子环、奇点遗漏、分支跳跃、乱序跟踪和初始点求取问题，精确、鲁棒、快速地计算出交线．     

参数曲线曲面降阶研究

参数曲线曲面降阶是当今计算机辅助几何设计研究的热点之一,已经被广泛地应用在CAD系统之间的几何数据的传输、几何造型中的求根和求交的计算、数据的几何压缩、曲线曲面的光顺处理、字符的构造以及参数曲线段的提取和信号的滤波等。以参数Bezer曲线降阶方法为主线索,其它如B样条、广义Ball、广义C-Bezer等参数曲线曲面降阶为辅进行了综述讨论。最后给出了参数曲线曲面降阶中有待进一步解决的问题。     

表驱动的细分曲面GPU绘制

为了充分利用GPU的并行计算能力高效地绘制递归定义的细分曲面,提出一种基于GPU的面分裂细分曲面的实时绘制算法.该算法通过离线预计算生成可以复用的细分查找表,它由细分矩阵组成,其大小仅与奇异点度数和最大细分深度线性相关,与输入网格无关;对于细分曲面控制网格的每个曲面片,如果包含2个或2个以上奇异点,则进行一次局部预细分;之后对于不规则曲面片,利用细分查找表由初始控制网格直接计算得到各细分层次上的控制顶点,无需逐层计算,从而最大限度地发挥GPU的并行处理能力;最后对各层次上的规则曲面片使用硬件细分着色器绘制,大大提高绘制效率.实验结果表明,文中算法可以高效地绘制细分曲面的极限曲面.     

Smooth Stream Surfaces of Fourth Order Precision

We introduce a novel technique for the construction of smooth stream surfaces of 4th order precision. While common stream surface techniques use linear interpolation for generating seed points for new streamlines in the refinement phase, we use Hermite interpolation. The derivatives needed for Hermite interpolation are obtained by integration along the streamlines. This yields stream surfaces of4th order precision. Additionally, we analyse the accuracy ofthe well known Hultquist approach and our new algorithm and proof that Hultquist's method is exact for linear vector fields. We compare both methods using the well known distance based and a novel error based refinement strategy. Our resulting surface is C¹ -continuous, enabling improved rendering among other benefits.     

用主动轮廓模型优化网格曲面上的特征线

对主动轮廓模型在三维网格曲面上的表示进行研究．首先提出一种根据输入的点快速确定初始特征线的追踪投影法;然后计算出特征线的主动轮廓模型能量,其中特征能用平均曲率来表示;最后,特征线经多次迭代后移动到能量极小处,实现优化．实例表明,优化后的特征线既光滑又逼近特征．     

基于外部能量约束的曲面形状修改

提出了一个基于外部能是约束的曲面形状修改ＮＵＲＢ曲面的开矿首先给出曲面内部变形能量的近似计算公式,然后将典面形状修改所需满足的约束条件转化为相应的外部能量约束荐项,并附加在曲面的内部能量项之上,最后通过求解一个使面面能量的变化量为最小的无约束优化问题,得到变形后的曲面,使曲面总能量近亿为最小,这种方法以统一的形式处理各种不同类型的约束条件,从而简化了约束条件下曲面形状修改的计算。     

基于约束优化的NURBS曲面形状修改

提出了一种修改NURBS曲面形状的新方法.利用约束优化方法,得到计算曲面新的控制顶点的显式公式,并给出例子以比较所提出的方法和Piegl方法的效果.     

自由曲面光滑拼接的数值优化方法

研究了B样条曲面的光滑拼接问题，介绍了参数曲面几何连续性的定义，提出了2种在B样条曲面间实现 光滑拼接的数值优化算法，即调整邻接曲面的公共边界曲线和调整其中一个曲面的邻近边界的控制顶点。实验结果表明，灵活使用文中的方法修改曲面外形可有效地解决曲面造型中的相关问题。