静电植绒仿生样品在漏油回收中的潜在应用

吸附法是处理海上石油泄漏的常用方法,但成本较高。试验探讨了采用静电植绒样品进行油类吸附的可行性。经疏水改性的植绒样品能吸附水面上的油而不吸水,并具有优良的吸油速率和吸油量,吸油后能够保持漂浮于水面便于收回;吸附的油可轧压回收,回收率达70%以上,样品脱油后可循环使用数次,为废旧植绒织物和类似绒毛织物回收利用提供了新途径。     

棉纤维吸油材料的研究进展

探讨棉纤维吸油材料的研究进展。介绍了当前吸油材料的研究现状、吸油材料的分类以及不同吸油材料的吸油机理和优缺点;简述了具有特殊形态结构且可生物降解的天然棉纤维在吸油材料应用方面的优势和棉纤维吸油机理;论述了棉纤维和棉纤维非织造材料作为吸油材料的研究现状、国内外棉纤维吸油性能评价测试方法及其局限性。认为:天然棉纤维吸油材料吸油倍率高、拒水性好、可循环使用且无二次污染,在吸油性能和环保方面均优于合成吸油材料。     

聚丙烯熔喷非织造材料的吸油性能

在吸油或擦拭过程中,对材料在压力下的吸油性能要求较高。将4种聚丙烯树脂在相同的成形工艺条件下制成熔喷非织造材料,测试其表观密度、纤维直径、透气量和接触角以及其在有无压力下的吸油倍率,探究熔喷非织造材料结构性能与吸油特性之间的关系。结果表明：蓬松性是影响熔喷非织造材料的主要因素,其次是纤维直径,而5.6°之内的接触角变化对吸油倍率无明显影响。同时,在受力吸油应用工况下,需要考虑材料的回弹性。     

熔喷非织造吸油材料的研究

文章对熔喷非织造吸油材料的国内外研究现状进行了总结,并对熔喷非织造吸油材料的加工原理和特点进行了分析,从而为熔喷非织造吸油材料的应用提供参考。     

丙纶吸油非织造材料的浸渍处理及性能分析

探讨经氧化石墨烯溶液处理的丙纶纺黏熔喷非织造材料的吸油性能。针对目前市场上丙纶熔喷非织造材料吸油倍率普遍不高的问题,采用浸渍烘干法,将丙纶纺黏熔喷复合非织造布浸渍于不同浓度的氧化石墨烯溶液进行处理,对比了处理前后非织造布的吸油性能。试验表明:经氧化石墨烯处理后的丙纶纺黏熔喷复合非织造材料的吸油倍率成倍增加,吸油性能得到显著提高。认为利用石墨烯良好的吸附性能可以改善丙纶非织造吸油材料的吸油性能。     

熔喷非织造吸油材料的发展研究

对熔喷非织造吸油材料的优势,以及近年来国内外的研发状况进行简要概述,介绍常见吸油材料的应用形式,指出熔喷非织造吸油材料的发展趋势。     

美国公司研发全棉吸油擦拭巾

世界原油远洋运输与陆地石油泄漏的事件不断发生,沙特油田遭袭引发一连串事件,也导致石油和天然气部门对纺织纤维安全产品的重大需求。地球和海洋环境中存在的塑料污染又引发巨大的清洁材料的市场需求,可生物降解的非聚酯产品的需求更是迫在眉睫。在过去,世界上大多数吸油材料都是用合成材料制成,这些产品不仅成本高价格昂贵,而且吸油效率低下,且带来二次污染的风险。     

改性MBPP/拒水PET复合吸油材料的制备及性能研究

利用紫外接枝技术将甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)接枝到熔喷聚丙烯(MBPP)非织造材料中,提高材料亲油性;对涤纶(PET)针刺非织造材料表面浸轧无氟拒水剂NT-X018,使材料表面更加疏水亲油;采用热压黏合法,将改性MBPP非织造材料和拒水PET针刺非织造材料复合,制备改性MBPP/拒水PET复合吸油材料,以改善MBPP非织造材料力学性能较差的现状。分别采用正交试验确定紫外接枝改性MBPP非织造材料及PET针刺非织造材料拒水整理的最佳工艺,并将MBPP非织造材料、改性MBPP非织造材料、PET针刺非织造材料与改性MBPP/拒水PET复合吸油材料进行性能比较,结果表明:改性MBPP/拒水PET复合吸油材料吸附率与保油率、重复使用性能及力学性能都有较大的提高。     

非织造技术保护海滩免受世漏石油污染

欧洲公司开发出一种新型的非织造材料可用于保护海滩免受泄漏石油的污染.短期内会在大多数地区开展应用,如受影响的美国沿海地区. 墨西哥海湾泄漏的石油已对公开水域和沿海地区造成严重的损害,且这个严重的问题仍将至少持续数个月.面对如此严重的石油泄漏,尚不存在一项单独的技术能够提供全面的保护,以免海滩、岩石和土地受到石油的污染.一旦石油污染到土地,造成后果会很严重,且清理这种污染所花费的成本和努力更高.     

CuO/聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯共聚物复合熔喷非织造材料的制备及其吸油性能

为高效经济地处理油品泄漏引起的污染问题,利用聚丙烯(PP)与乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)共混后制备复合熔喷非织造材料,然后在其表面负载纳米氧化铜(CuO)进行疏水改性.对改性前后非织造材料的形貌、结构、水接触角、吸油和力学性能等进行测试.结果 表明:负载纳米CuO后,CuO/PP/POE复合熔喷非织造材料的结晶度下降,熔...     

Oil sorption behavior of acetylated nettle fiber

Abstract

In this work, acetylation of raw nettle fibers was performed to improve the oil sorption capacity. Raw nettle fibers were acetylated with acetic anhydride using N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) as a catalyst. Box–Behnken experimental design was used to study the effect of some selected parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst concentration (%) on weight percent gain (WPG) and oil sorption behavior. Highest WPG and oil sorption were achieved at 90?min reaction time, 120?°C and 2% catalyst. The oil sorption of acetylated nettle was 23.21?g/g and 18.75?g/g against diesel engine oil and crude oil, respectively. Nettle fibers were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and Scanning electron microscopy. Oil sorption capacity of acetylated nettle were higher than that of commercial polypropylene sorbent. Hence, these acetylated nettle fibers can be used in the place of synthetic sorbents for oil spill cleanup applications.     

Oil Spill Cleanup by Hydrophobic Natural Fibers

This article evaluates and compares on oil wetting and sorption performance of three natural fiber assemblies made by kapok, cattail and cotton fibers in application of absorbing vegetable oil. The three fibers were naturally hydrophobic and oleophilic. The water stood on the fibers’ surfaces with the contact angles between 120° and 145°, while oil droplet disappeared quickly from the fibers’ surfaces within several seconds. When applied as the oil sorbents, it was found that the three fiber assemblies showed quick oil uptake. Among them, kapok fiber assembly showed exceptionally high oil sorption and retention capacity. The presence of big hollow lumens which contributed to 77 % of the fiber’s volume was the important reason for this. Cattail fiber was bamboo-shaped. The fiber was short (3–11 mm). However, the formation of numerous of bamboo-liked lumens between neighboring fibers in cattail fiber assembly contributed to it quick oil sorption and excellent oil retention capacity, despite of relatively low oil absorbency. Although faster oil spreading comparing to kapok fibers, cotton fibers showed much lower oil absorbency and retention capacity, due to its collapsed lumens which considerably reduced its available pores for oil sorption.     

Application of functionalized coir fibre as eco-friendly oil sorbent

Synthetic polymers are based on the use of crude oil as their raw material. Oil spillage takes place during production, storage, transportation and usage at the water bodies and land surfaces. This may be due to tanker disasters, wars, operation failures, equipment breaking down, accidents and natural disasters. The spilled oil into land, river or ocean imposes a major threat to the environment and endangers the aquatic life. To overcome this problem, oil sorbents are commonly used for cleaning the oil spills. In this paper, coir fibre which was obtained as a waste from coconut fruit was functionalized to increase its hydrophobicity and oil sorption capacity. The product so formed was characterized by FT-IR, TGA and SEM which confirmed grafting of butyl acrylate monomer onto the coir fibres. The effects of time, temperature and monomer concentration on the grafting of coir fibre and oil absorption capacity have also been investigated. Results demonstrated that the modified coir fibre absorbed fair amount of crude oil and studies also indicate that a simple squeezing was sufficient to remove most of the oil sorbed by the fibres so that the sorbents can be reused several times for oil spill clean-up.     

鱼油脂肪酸乙酯化工艺研究

比较三种不同鱼油原料脂肪酸组成、含量和各项品质指标,选取步鱼油用碱催化法进行乙酯化反应。通过单因素实验和响应面分析,步鱼油乙酯化工艺最优条件为:无水乙醇/鱼油反应物摩尔比为6:1,反应温度为75℃～77℃,反应时间2小时,碱催化剂浓度为0.8N～1.0N,由分子蒸馏得到乙酯化得率为96％。     

粉末油脂的特点与在食品工业中的应用

粉末油脂是综合现代高科技技术－食品微胶囊技术加工成的水包油型（O／W）制品。由于油脂微粒为包囊壁材包埋，从而赋予了产品许多新的特性，在食品工业中广泛应用。本文介绍了粉末油脂的特性与使用方法。     

马来西亚对油棕种植材料研究及棕榈油产品生产

油棕种植业与棕榈油加工业是马来西亚国民经济重要组成部分。我国与马来西亚有大量棕榈 油进口贸易,检验检疫工作繁重且多样。该文探讨马来西亚对油棕种植材料研究现状及主要棕榈油产 品生产过程和用途。     

机油滤纸的实验研究

以植物纤维与合成纤维为原料,采用复合抄片及树脂浸渍工艺研制出了透气度性能良好的机油滤纸。经检测该滤纸平均最大孔径83.7μm,耐破度464kPa,挺度17.1mN.m。     

Oil spill environmental forensics: the Hebei Spirit oil spill case

After the Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) in December 2007, mixtures of three types of Middle East crude oil (total 12,547 kL) were stranded along 375 km of coastline in Western Korea. Emergency responses together with 1.3 million volunteers' activity rapidly removed ca. 20% of spilled oil but the lingering oils have been found along the heavily impacted shorelines for more than 4 years. The HSOS was the worst oil spill case in Republic of Korea, and there were many issues and lessons to be shared. In this study, we summarized some of the oil spill environmental forensic issues that were raised after the HSOS. Rapid screening using on-site measurement, long-term monitoring of multimedia, fingerprinting challenges and evaluation of the extent of the submerged oil were introduced, which supported decision making process of oil spill cleanup, mitigation of debates among stakeholders and provided scientific backgrounds for reasonable compensation.     

响应面分析优化小麦胚油浸出法提取工艺

微波稳定化后小麦胚芽作为试验原料,用国家标准规定的植物油抽提溶剂,建立了浸出法提取小麦胚油优化生产工艺。探讨了不同原料颗粒度对麦胚出油率影响、溶剂体积分数与麦胚质量分数比值(溶胚比值)对麦胚出油率影响、溶剂浸提温度对麦胚出油率影响、溶剂提取时间对麦胚出油率的影响等单因素试验。依据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,选择溶胚比值、浸提温度和提取时间为响应面优化分析试验设计因素,建立了小麦胚油浸出法优化提取工艺的二次多项数学模型。优化小麦麦胚油浸出工艺:颗粒度为60目筛上麦胚粉碎物,以植物油抽提溶剂为提取溶剂,溶胚比值为20.5∶1,温度43℃、浸提38 min。优化工艺模型预测出油率的理论值为6.67%,验证试验显示小麦胚油实际出油率为6.65%。     

膜分离技术在油脂工业中应用

该文介绍膜分离技术的原理、特点及膜材料;综述膜分离技术在油脂工业中应用概况,包括油 脂精炼、副产品开发利用等,同时展望膜分离技术发展前景。