太阳能与地源热泵供应生活热水方案比较

对太阳能热水系统和地源热泵热回收热水系统进行分析,并通过某一实际工程对两系统能耗进行了对比,最后得到对于南京地区地源热泵热回收制热水系统更节能。为合理选择热水供应系统提供一定的依据。     

某宾馆冷热源系统的节能改造实例分析

在某宾馆冷热源系统节能改造中,采用了热回收技术、蓄热技术。用空气源热泵及热回收机组取代了制取热水的燃油锅炉,空气源热泵热回收机组在夏季制取冷冻水时,可通过回收余能的方式免费获取洗浴热水;冬季利用夜间电网低谷电(价格低)制取洗浴热水并储存在蓄热保温水箱中,随时可供客人使用。该技术不但能进行用电调峰,而且可以有效降低能耗、减少能源费用。     

广州地区地源热泵热水系统的应用研究

针对广州地区生活热水供应的现状,通过将地源热泵热水系统与几种常用的热水系统进行对比,同时,从政策、地质、气候等方面,论证了广州地区采用地源热泵热水系统的优势与可行性。介绍了本实验室建立的耦合型地源热泵实验平台和自主开发的适应于广州地区的地源热泵热水工程。通过对实际工程运行特性的分析,表明在广州地区采用地源热泵热水系统是可行的,节能效果显著。     

带游泳池的综合体育馆暖通节能设计

带游泳池的综合体育馆,暖通空调能耗普遍偏高。结合工程实例,介绍了暖通节能设计方法,主要包括水源热泵加能源塔冷热联供技术、泳池排风热回收技术,探讨在节能方面的设计思想。     

严寒地区某高校公共浴室废水余热回收利用潜力分析

针对新疆严寒地区某高校浴室燃气锅炉供热系统和空气源热泵供热系统存在的问题,进行了优化设计。采用污水源热泵对浴室废热水回收利用,并对其节能潜力进行分析计算。改进后的浴室热水供应系统可回收大量的废水热量,浴室热水出水温度的稳定性提高,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

武汉某办公楼地源热泵系统能效测评

通过对某办公楼地源热泵系统的短期测试与长期监测,分析了影响系统能效的主要因素,得出了该热回收热泵机组的部分负荷制冷性能系数低于额定工况下的制冷性能系数,热泵系统能效比略高于常规机组系统能效比下限值2.4,得出了夏热冬冷地区实际累计采暖+卫生热水热负荷大于累计冷负荷,增量成本的实际回收期高于预测回收期。建议夏热冬冷地区采用三工况(制冷、制热、热回收)地源热泵系统,可不设辅助冷却系统。     

综合建筑空调节能技术

介绍了建筑空调节能的综合性技术,包括建筑外观特征与围护结构的节能技术(建筑朝向、布局、围护结构保温隔热、气密性、窗墙比)、建筑空调设备的节能运行技术(蓄能空调、热回收、变频技术)和建筑空调能源利用的节能技术(水源热泵、地源热泵、免费供冷、太阳能)。强调了建筑节能的社会效益和环境效益。     

绿色旅程最佳伙伴——访挪宝新能源集团董事长孙国平

孙国平:将欧洲先进的地源热泵技术研究、改进后应用于中国的商业领域。创立了在地源热泵清洁能源领域集研发、咨询、设计、生产、销售、安装及能源服务于一体的挪宝新能源集团。他大力推动低碳节能环保的挪宝品牌地源热泵中央空调系统的合同能源管理,自主研发的模块化并联系统主机、无缝切换衔接技术、基坑埋管技术、多种节能技术的整合利用等技术在实际运用中取得明显成效,被认为是在地源热泵技术领域的突破性成果。孙国平:地源热泵自     

空气源热泵热水系统在我省煤矿的应用

空气源热泵热水器是一种利用可再生能源的既节能又环保的制热设备.通过对我省煤矿地面澡堂热水系统采用传统燃煤锅炉供热和空气源热泵供热的性能对比、理论计算和具体应用,进一步说明煤矿采用空气源热泵热水系统的优越性,对企业进一步贯彻落实节能减排政策、加强环境保护工作,建设一个安全、节能、环保的绿色矿山具有重要意义.     

低品位多热源联供热水系统的节能分析

以太阳能、空气源热泵和废水余热回收联合热水系统为例,介绍系统的构成及运行原理。分析计算全年四季3种热源的供热负荷及其在系统总热负荷构成中的占比,提出全年运行策略。理论分析与工程实际系统分析表明,低品位多热源热水联供系统更具节能潜力与应用推广优势。     

电厂循环水余热回收供暖节能分析与改造技术

在电厂余热利用的基础上,通过回收冷却塔散失的热量,对循环水余热回收供暖进行了节能分析,结合电厂对循环水余热回收供暖的应用,阐述循环水余热回收供暖的节能措施以及实施后的节能效果。实践证明,电厂循环水余热回收供暖具有显著的节能和环保效果。     

Experimental study of gas engine driven air to water heat pump in cooling mode

Nowadays a sustainable development for more efficient use of energy and protection of the environment is of increasing importance. Gas engine heat pumps represent one of the most practicable solutions which offer high energy efficiency and environmentally friendly for heating and cooling applications. In this paper, the performance characteristics of gas engine driven heat pump used in water cooling were investigated experimentally without engine heat recovery. The effects of several important factors (evaporator water inlet temperature, evaporator water volume flow rate, ambient air temperature, and engine speed) on the performance of gas engine driven heat pump were studied in a wide range of operating conditions. The results showed that primary energy ratio of the system increased by 22.5% as evaporator water inlet temperature increased from 13 °C to 24 °C. On the other hand, varying of engine speed from 1300 rpm to 1750 rpm led to decrease in system primary energy ratio by 13%. Maximum primary energy ratio has been estimated with a value of two over a wide range of operating conditions.     

水源热泵在空调系统中应用的经济性分析

本文对水源热泵的能耗进行了分析,表明水源热泵机组的性能系数与水源的温度直接相关,讨论了水源热泵在嵊州市空调系统集中供冷供热的可行性,对集中冷热水供水系统夏季空调工况与冬季热泵工况的经济性进行了计算与分析,结果表明,嵊州市利用水源热泵建立集中冷热水供水系统的社会经济效益显著,具有重要的节能与环保意义。     

Energy harvesting, reuse and upgrade to reduce primary energy usage in the USA

Two-thirds of input energy for electricity generation in the USA is lost as heat during conversion processes. Additionally, 12.5% of primary fuel and 20.3% of electricity are employed for space heating, water heating, and refrigeration where low-grade heat could suffice. The potential for harnessing waste heat from power generation and thermal processes to perform such tasks is assessed. By matching power plant outlet streams with applications at corresponding temperature ranges, sufficient waste heat is identified to satisfy all USA space and water heating needs. Sufficient high temperature exhaust from power plants is identified to satisfy 27% of residential air conditioning with thermally activated refrigeration, or all industrial refrigeration and process heating from 100 to 150 °C. Engine coolant and exhaust is sufficient to satisfy all air conditioning and 68% of electrical demands in vehicles. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential to reduce USA primary energy demand by 12% and CO₂ emissions by 13% through waste heat recovery. A detailed analysis of thermal energy demand in pulp and paper manufacturing is conducted to demonstrate the methodology for improving the fidelity of this approach. These results can inform infrastructure and development to capture heat that would be lost today, substantially reducing USA energy intensity.     

Application of an exhaust heat recovery system for domestic hot water

Typically, a great deal of heat is wasted in the drainage systems of large-scale public shower facilities, such as those in schools, barracks, and natatoriums. This paper enhances a heat pump system used in public shower facilities for exhaust heat recovery. The system consists of three sections for exhaust heat recovery: solar energy collection system, drainage collection system, and heat pump system. In the system, the energy from the solar energy collection system is used for the initial heating the shower's tap water. Afterwards, the drainage collection system collects the used shower water. Finally, the electric heat pump recycles the exhaust heat from the collected water to heat the shower's tap water. The operational practice of the system was presented. The drainage temperature and equipment capacity was optimized based on a practical example. The advantages of this heat pump system compared to gas-fired (oil-fired, coal-fired, electric) boilers are lower energy consumption, less pollution, and lower operating costs. Therefore, the system is superior in energy conservation and has a promising application prospect.     

自动设定烟气出口温度改善余热回收效率的方法

我国现役燃煤机组排烟温度普遍偏高,里面蕴含着提高锅炉效率的巨大节能空间。为了更高效地利用余热,并达到控白烟的目的,嘉华发电有限公司7号机组通过改造,采取了利用烟气余热回收加热凝结水的方法,实现了余热回收的初步节能效果。     

A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system for domestic air conditioning and water heating by the recovery of solar energy

A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system with modular adsorber, which utilizes solar energy to achieve the cogeneration of domestic air conditioning and water heating effect, is proposed and investigated in this paper. A heat recovery process between two adsorbers and a mass recovery process between two evaporators are adopted to improve the overall cooling and heating performance. First, the adsorption system is tested under different modes (different mass recovery, heat recovery, and cogeneration time) to determine the optimal operating conditions. Then, the cogeneration performance of domestic cooling and water heating effect is studied at different heat transfer fluid temperatures. The results show that the optimal time for cogeneration, mass recovery, and heat recovery are 600 s, 40 s, and 40 s, respectively. When the inlet temperature of hot water is around 85°C, the largest cooling power and heating power are 8.25 kW and 21.94 kW, respectively. Under the condition of cooling water temperature of 35°C, the obtained maximum COP_c, COP_h, and SCP of the system are 0.59, 1.39, and 184.5 W/kg, respectively.     

Experimental study of vertical ground-source heat pump performance evaluation for cold climate in Turkey

Heat pump systems are recognized to be outstanding heating, cooling and water heating systems. They provide high levels of comfort as well as offering significant reductions in electrical energy use. In addition, they have very low levels of maintenance requirements and are environmentally attractive. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the experimentally performance and energy analysis of vertical ground-source heat pump (GSHP) for winter climatic condition of Erzurum, Turkey. For this aim, an experimental analysis was performed on GSHP system made up in the Energy Laboratory in the campus of Ataturk University. The experimental apparatus consisted of a ground heat exchanger, the depth of which was 53 m, a liquid-to-liquid vapor compression heat pump, water circulating pumps and other measurement and control equipments. Tests were performed under laboratory conditions for space heating, in which experimental results were obtained during January–May within the heating season of 2007. The experimentally obtained results were used to calculate the heat pump coefficient of performance (COP) and the system performance (COPs). The COP and COPs were found to be in the range of 2.43–3.55 and 2.07–3.04, respectively. This study also shows that the system proposed could be used for residential heating in the province of Erzurum which is one of the coldest climate region of Turkey.     

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of district heating systems

Selecting the optimal type of district heating (DH) system is of great importance because different heating systems have different levels of efficiency, which will impact the system economics, environment and energy use. In this study, seven DH systems were analysed and evaluated by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The dimensionless number—goodness was introduced into the calculation, the economics, environment and energy technology factors were considered synthetically, and the final goodness values were obtained. The results show that if only one of the economics, environment or energy technology factors are considered, different heating systems have different goodness values. When all three factors were taken into account, the final ranking of goodness values was: combined heating and power>gas-fired boiler>water-source heat pump>coal-fired boiler>ground-source heat pump>solar-energy heat pump>oil-fired boiler. The combined heating and power system is the best choice from all seven systems; the gas-fired boiler system is the best of the three boiler systems for heating purpose; and the water-source heat pump is the best of the three heat pump systems for heating and cooling.     

The energy saving obtainable with solar heating and heat pumps in a northern climate

The energy saving obtainable with active solar heating and heat pumps has been studied for several years in the Northern climate of Finland. The studies deal mainly with small houses. A computer program is developed which calculates hour by hour the annual energy balance of different heating systems. The performance, of the heating systems are also measured in inhabited houses. The calculations show that the useful solar energy obtainable from the collector is 50–400 kWh/m² annually depending on the system and the collector size. A heat pump in the system is very advantageous, because it keeps the heat losses low and the collector efficiency high. It approximately doubles the energy obtainable. The measurement results have not been as good as expected. The solar energy obtained from the collector has been 120–160 kWh/m² annually. The main reasons for the low solar energy are design and equipment faults and the shading effects. The best energy saving device is the earth heat pump. It is also therefore very advantageous that the peak power demand decreases markedly. When the area of the earth pipes is large enough, energy may be extracted from earth through the whole year. The annual coefficient of performance is 2–3. Also a heat pump which extracts heat from exhaust air in dwelling houses has been very promising.