硅烷共聚改性丙烯酸酯乳液胶粘剂

研究了乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A-151)对丙烯酸酯乳液共聚改性时A-151用量对乳液胶粘剂性能的影响。结果表明,当A-151用量少于单体量的7%时,丙烯酸酯乳液胶粘剂的剥离强度提高;随其含量的增加,黏度增大,剥离强度开始降低,乳液的吸水性降低,耐水性增强。当其含量为单体量的15%时,完全干燥后浸在水中胶膜不发白,可用于耐水涂层。     

共混型橡胶-织物复合用水乳胶粘剂

采用高速剪切制备复合硫化剂水分散体,乳液物理共混制备橡胶/织物复合用水基胶乳胶粘剂。研究了水乳胶粘剂中各组分的比例对粘接强度的影响,同时对胶粘剂的贮存稳定性、胶粘剂胶膜的力学性能和胶粘剂中各组分胶乳的相容性进行了探讨。结果表明:氯丁胶乳/天然橡胶胶乳/苯丙乳液/复合硫化剂水分散体/萜烯树脂乳液的比例(质量比)为5∶5∶1.5∶3∶1.5时,胶粘剂粘接效果最好,胶粘剂的T型剥离强度可以达到2.82 MPa(达到市售溶剂型胶粘剂粘接强度的85%)。     

丙烯酸改性氯化聚丙烯乳液的合成与性能

采用溶液法用含亲水单元的丙烯酸混合单体与氯化聚丙烯进行自由基接枝共聚反应,制得丙烯酸改性氯化聚丙烯,将其中和后加水分散即得丙烯酸改性氯化聚丙烯乳液.用傅罩叶红外光谱对产物进行了表征.研究了丙烯酸混合单体浓度、中和度和甲基丙烯酸含量对乳液性能的影响,当丙烯酸混合单体与氯化聚丙烯的质量比为0.5-1.5、甲基丙烯酸含量为15%-20%(占单体总量的质量比)、中和度为80%～120%时,制备的水性乳液具有良好的稳定性和水分散性,乳液涂膜对聚丙烯板具有很好的附着力和光泽.     

UV固化PUA/EA核壳复合乳液的制备与性能

以自制的亲水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)预聚体为高分子乳化剂,与自制的环氧丙烯酸酯(EA)树脂充分混合后,采用相反转乳化法制备了可UV固化的具有不规则核壳结构的PUA/EA复合乳液。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱对水性PUA合成过程以及复合乳液UV固化前后进行了表征,表明合成得到了目标产物且UV固化良好。透射电镜(TEM)测试表明,复合乳液呈不规则的核壳结构,且EA含量不同时核壳结构也不同。讨论了羧基含量及中和度对复合乳液性能的影响,结果表明,随羧基含量的增加,乳液的平均粒径变小、外观越来越透明、黏度变大、贮存稳定性变好,UV固化后膜的硬度越来越高,吸水率先增加,后降低,又增加。随着中和度的增加,复合乳液的粒径逐渐减小,外观由不透明到透明又到不透明,稳定性先变好后变差,乳液的黏度和固化膜的吸水率都逐渐变大。     

多重改性水性聚氨酯的力学性能和粘接性能研究

以聚已内酯二醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸为基料,以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为交联剂.采用环氧树脂和松香对水性聚氨酯进行改性,制备出环氧树脂和松香改性的聚氨酯复合乳液.重点考察了环氧树脂、松香和三羟甲基丙烷用量对水性聚氨酯粘接性能和力学性能的影响.红外光谱分析表明.环氧树脂和松香参与了体系的反应,最终形成环氧树脂和松香改性水性聚氨醣.胶膜拉伸试验表明,环氧树脂的引入增加了水性聚氨酯胶膜的韧性:向聚氨酯体系中引入松香降低了聚氨酯胶膜的杨氏模量和拉伸强度,同时胶膜的断裂伸长率有所增加;在适宜的用量范围内,三羟甲基丙烷可大大提高水性聚氨酯胶膜的杨氏模量及拉伸强度.粘接试验表明,环氧树脂对聚氨酯胶粘剂的T型剥离强度有显著影响;随松香用量的增加,聚氨酯胶粘剂的初粘力和T型剥离强度均出现峰值;TMP对聚氨醅胶粘剂的T型剥离强度有很大影响,在实验范围内,TMP用量越大,聚氨酯胶粘剂的T型剥离强度越大.当环氧树脂用量为5.65%、松香用量为8.92%、三羟甲基丙烷用量为2.7%时,水性聚氨酯胶膜的力学性能最佳,用该乳液配制的胶粘剂可满足复合软包装对胶粘剂的要求.     

催化剂对复合薄膜用水性聚氨酯胶粘剂性能的影响

采用丙酮法制备了复合薄膜用的水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液胶粘剂,研究了催化剂用量对WPU反应速率及其性能的影响。研究结果表明,适量的催化剂能明显加快聚氨酯(PU)预聚体的反应速率;当催化剂质量分数为0.1%时,WPU乳液的粘度和复合薄膜的T型剥离强度最大,但WPU胶膜的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)降低,由未加催化剂时的-25.5℃降低到-29.1℃。     

双丙酮丙烯酰胺对聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶性能的影响

采用丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)等单体通过顸乳化法制备了聚丙烯酸酯乳液,测试其黏度、T型剥离强度、单体转化率、钙离子稳定性和机械稳定性等性能.结果表明,所制备的乳液具有良好的机械稳定性和贮存稳定性,当DAAM质量分数为1.44%时,乳液黏度和T型剥离强度均达到最大值.     

硅烷偶联剂对层压复合用WPU胶粘剂的改性研究

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二元醇(PBA)、二羟甲基丙(DMPA)、硅烷偶联剂(KH550)等原料制备了层压复合用水性聚氨酯胶粘剂(WPU),考查了KH550用量对其性能的影响。结果表明,随着KH550用量的增加,WPU乳液黏度增加,稳定性变差;经KH550改性的WPU,胶膜的耐水性优于未改性者,胶膜的力学性能和复合薄膜T型剥离强度也得到提高。     

无苯低毒氯丁胶粘剂的研制

选用多种低毒溶剂组成了氯丁胶粘剂的溶剂体系，选择合适的氯丁橡胶、配合剂和工艺制得一种无苯低毒氯丁胶粘剂，并对其剥离强度、贮存性能等进行了考查。该胶粘剂剥离强度高，常温和低温贮存性能良好，而且有害物质含量远远低于已颁布的《室内装饰装修材料胶粘剂中有害物质限量》的国家标准(GB18583-2001)，值得在应用领域推广。     

新型镀铝复合薄膜专用胶粘剂的研究

分析了影响BOPP／VMCPP型镀铝复合薄膜剥离强度的主要因素,即：BOPP和胶粘剂的界面强度;胶粘剂和VM的界面强度;VM和CPP的界面强度,以及胶粘剂的组成、分子结构、相对分子质量分布、单体残存量等,并合成了一种新型的镀铝膜和塑料薄膜复合用聚氨酯胶粘剂;讨论了胶粘剂的相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布、固化温度和时间等因素对粘结性能的影响。试验结果表明：该胶粘剂初粘力强、剥离强度高、溶剂残留量低,适用于快速复合薄膜生产线。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。