热轧带钢层流冷却过程中温度与相变耦合预测模型

建立了温度与相变耦合有限元模型,对带钢轧后冷却过程中带钢厚度和宽度方向的温度场进行了模拟计算.建模过程中,考虑带钢的各金相组织的密度、导热系数、比热容等物性参数为温度的函数,取各相的线性平均值用于计算.根据连续等温转变实验曲线,采用Avrami方程和Scheil可加性法则计算带钢相变潜热,实现温度和相变耦合求解.计算结果表明,带钢经过层流冷却后,沿厚度方向存在着一定的温差,带钢温度沿宽度方向分布不均匀,和现场实测结果吻合.     

热轧带钢在冷却过程中的内应力解析

针对热轧带钢的冷却过程,开发了温度、相变的内应力的耦合解析模型,该模型采用有限元法,同时考虑了相变的温度依存性、相变潜热、相变膨胀。通过该数值解析模型,能够模拟热轧带钢在冷却过程中温度一组织内应力的演变过程,计算结果与实测值符合良好。     

基于有限元和试验的热轧带钢残余应力减量化

 研究残余应力减量化技术可提高热轧带钢板形质量。有限元技术及相应的试验验证已广泛应用于工业生产,采用该方法对带钢层流冷却过程中的温度、相变及应力耦合进行求解,对于分析带钢轧后冷却不均、应力应变不均及翘曲具有重要意义。基于ABAQUS建立热轧带钢在密集冷却工艺条件下的有限元模型,实现温度、相变和应力三者的耦合计算,并进行温度测试、材料微观组织测试及应力测试等多个试验验证。计算结果表明,减小带钢进入层流冷却前的初始温差、采用边部遮挡技术对减少带钢残余应力均具有积极的意义。通过一个改善初始温差分布进而改善带钢残余应力的实例,验证了提出的方法和结论的正确性。     

热轧管线钢冷却过程相变预测模型

为能够精确模拟管线钢连续冷却过程中组织演变行为,建立了一种包括相变潜热模型、温度场模型和相变体积分数模型在内的数学耦合模型,深入研究了含碳量和冷却速度对相变潜热的影响,以及相变潜热对冷却过程中温度分布的影响.将耦合模型的计算值与实验数据进行对比,两者吻合较好,且耦合模型的计算结果与普通相变模型计算结果相比更加精确,证明了该耦合模型能够准确预测X80管线钢冷却过程中的组织演变.     

热轧带钢层流冷却过程的温度预测模型

 通过分析热轧带钢在层流冷却过程中的能量变化,利用焓法模型建立了热轧带钢通过层流冷却段的能量平衡方程。然后利用相变热力学和相变动力学模型得到热焓,最后采用有限差分求解能量平衡方程,得到层流冷却过程中带钢的温度场和热焓场,该模型的计算结果与实测值符合良好,能够准确地预测带钢冷却后的温度分布,同时明确了冷却过程实际上是带钢能量传递给周围环境的过程,并非温度不断下降的过程。     

卷取温度对热轧X70管线钢层流冷却过程残余应力的影响

通过热膨胀仪和Gleeble3500热模拟试验机检测X70钢的膨胀系数、高温屈服强度和弹性模量,采用Marc有限元软件计算了热轧带钢在层流冷却中卷取温度分别为500、550和600℃时的温度场、相变体积分数、残余应力随时间的变化.结果表明:层流冷却过程中,在水冷前期带钢边部的应力超过了该温度下钢板的屈服强度,带钢板形会向着边浪发展;水冷结束时,边部应力值再次超过屈服强度并发生了塑性变形,带钢板形会向着中浪发展.在保证X70管线钢性能的条件下,降低卷取温度有利于钢板贝氏体相变的完成和层流冷却阶段残余应力的降低.     

TRIP带钢轧后冷却过程温度场的有限元模拟

应用有限元模拟仿真计算，对相变诱发塑性(TRIP)带钢在连轧机精轧后由850～890℃快冷至700℃，经几秒钟短暂空冷再第2次快速水冷至卷取温度400℃的冷却过程的温度进行了分析计算。分析结果得出，3mmTRIP带钢厚度方向的温差较小，而8mmTRIP带钢厚度方向温差明显增大。因此TRIP带钢在2次快速冷却后和卷取前应有适当的空冷时间以降低TRIP带钢卷取时表面和厚度方向中心处的温度差。     

热轧带钢的冷却参数与翘曲关系

针对卷取温度为500℃的12 mm厚X70管线钢热轧带钢,利用MARC有限元软件建立层流冷却过程中的热-力-相变耦合的数学模型,计算两种下上冷却水比时层流冷却过程中温度场、应力、应变、相变体积分数和翘曲度随时间的变化.结果表明:1.25水比的冷却过程中,厚度方向上各面的冷却速度不一致,导致水冷前期带钢上下表面应变不同,带钢会产生向上的翘曲,冷却过程中边部最大的翘曲量达到21.84 mm;水冷后期带钢板形会逐渐恢复平直,但由于水冷过程中发生塑性变形,终冷时厚度方向上贝氏体含量的差异,卷取时带钢边部依然有-9 mm的翘曲量.上下表面的不均匀冷却是引起翘曲的根本原因.在保证X70管线钢性能条件下,采用1.58的下上水比工艺,卷取时边部翘曲量仅为-0.58 mm,合适的下上水比能大幅度减小层流冷却过程中带钢的横向翘曲.     

带钢层流冷却过程数值模拟及卷取温度预测分析

结合宝钢2050热连轧层流冷却生产线,建立了带钢层流冷却过程传热数学模型,同时考虑相变潜热对带钢温度的贡献。采用实测的卷取温度,修正了带钢表面换热系数模型,模拟研究了冷却模式、速度、厚度等对卷取温度的影响。结果表明:卷取温度计算值与实测值的标准差小于14℃;相变潜热对卷取温度的贡献为28℃;冷却模式、速度、厚度是影响卷取温度的重要因素;该模型能够满足宝钢2050热连轧层流冷却卷取温度的预报精度,对实际生产具有较好的指导性作用。     

热轧带钢连续冷却过程中相变体积分数的计算

基于相变动力学原理 ,在充分考虑变形对相变影响的情况下研究了奥氏体向铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体相变的动力学。探索了热轧带钢连续冷却过程中相变体积分数的计算方法。用此方法进行的计算机模拟与实验结果相当吻合。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.