A Low‐Speed,High‐Torque Motor Drive Using a Modular Multilevel Cascade Converter Based on Triple‐Star Bridge Cells (MMCC‐TSBC)

This paper provides an experiment‐based discussion on a modular multilevel cascade converter based on triple‐star bridge cells (MMCC‐TSBC) for a low‐speed high‐torque motor drive. The TSBC is a direct ac‐to‐ac power converter capable of achieving bidirectional power flow as well as drawing and feeding three‐phase sinusoidal input (supply‐side) and output (motor‐side) currents with any power factor at both sides. This paper discusses active dc‐capacitor‐voltage control applied to the low‐speed, high‐torque motor drive. A specially designed downscaled system combining a 320‐V, 38‐Hz, 6‐pole, 15‐kW induction motor with a 400‐V, 15‐kW TSBC is constructed and tested to confirm the validity of the motor drive. Experimental waveforms obtained from the downscaled system confirm stable operation with the rated load torque across a range from a standstill to the rated speed, including satisfactory start‐up performance.     

并联型级联多电平逆变器直流电容电压控制方法

对电容独立的并联型H桥级联多电平逆变器电压内外环加电流环的3环控制方法进行研究,重点研究电压环的控制,即直流侧电容电压的平衡稳定控制策略,提出了将误差量化为正弦函数叠加于各H桥调制波上的电压移相控制方法,在跟踪输出补偿电流的同时,实现了直流侧电容电压的平衡与稳定控制。仿真实验结果表明:采用该控制策略,各H桥的直流电容电压稳定,各桥之间直流电压平衡,并联装置补偿效果良好。     

低频率工况下模块化多电平变流器电容电压平衡控制策略

针对应用于高压变频的模块化多电平变流器(MMC)在低频率工况下会出现子模块电容电压波动较大的问题,该文对电容电压波动机理及其抑制控制方法进行了研究。首先,根据MMC的工作原理,设计载波移相调制方法;其次,从理论上分析子模块电容电压波动机理,并在此基础上提出一种适合于低频率工况的电压平衡控制策略;最后,通过仿真验证了控制策略的正确性与有效性。该控制策略可以降低各子模块开关频率,在低频率工况下对子模块电容电压波动有良好的抑制效果。     

一种混合级联型多电平逆变器拓扑结构

在交流电动机调速领域,大容量多电平变换器的应用越来越广泛,为了改善系统性能,各种各样的多电平拓扑结构被提出.本文提出了一种新颖的混合级联式多电平拓扑结构,该结构将传统的H桥逆变器(主逆变器)和二极管钳位型三电平逆变器(从逆变器)结合起来,串联为电动机供电,而这其中仅仅只有主逆变器需要电压源.这种新型的拓扑结构由于增加了从逆变器作为辅助单元用于能量存储,可以提高系统的效率,一定程度上实现电动机的四象限运行.相比传统的H桥逆变器,该拓扑可以减少输入电压源的数目;当电动机以稳定速度运行时,从逆变器可以为负载提供无功能量.该拓扑结构在电力机车和大型舰船推进系统等领域有着广泛的应用前景.     

采用质因子分解法的模块化多电平换流器电容电压平衡优化算法

模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter, MMC)子模块电容均压问题,是MMC型高压直流输电系统稳定运行的关键。当桥臂子模块数过多时,采用传统的排序均压算法将使电容电压排序运算量过大,这对控制器的硬件设计带来巨大挑战。针对传统均压算法的问题,提出了一种改进的电容电压平衡方法,通过对子模块分组,减少了电容电压排序运算量,同时采用一种组间电压平衡算法,解决了各组间电压不平衡问题。在此基础上,类比整数质因子分解思想进一步优化,得到电容电压平衡分组排序的最优化方法。在实时数字仿真器RT-L ab中搭建了模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,改进方法及最优化方法能在维持子模块电容电压平衡的同时,大大提高仿真计算速度,从而验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。     

三电平逆变器异步电动机直接转矩控制系统(I)--单一矢量法

三电平中点钳位逆变器(NPC)广泛应用于中压变频调速系统,具有对器件耐压要求低,输出谐波含量低,控制性能好等优点.其主要问题是如何避免中点电压的漂移,以及防止输出电压有过高的瞬时跳变.提出一种三电平异步电动机直接转矩控制(DTC)系统,即基于单一矢量的控制算法.该方法有效地控制了三电平逆变器的中点电压,并抑制了输出电压的跳变,从而满足了实际运行的要求.仿真结果表明,本文的方法在三电平逆变器供电的异步电动机上有效地实现了DTC系统,并能达到较好的控制性能.     

计及逆变器电压输出限制的感应电机无差拍直接转矩控制

提出一种新的感应电机无差拍直接转矩控制方法。基于感应电机的离散化模型,在定子磁场定向坐标系中,以定子和转子磁链为状态变量,导出了空间矢量无差拍直接转矩控制的电压控制律。采用一种图形化的分析方法,直观地揭示了无差拍直接转矩控制电压矢量解的物理意义。研究了在电压源逆变器输出电压受限条件下,无差拍直接转矩控制的设计与实现问题。针对电机的不同运行工况要求,给出了3种可选的电压矢量解的实现方案。在理论分析的基础上,对控制算法进行了仿真和实验测试,结果表明调速系统的转矩和磁链动态响应快,控制性能优良。     

一种模块化多电平换流器分布式均压控制策略

应用于柔性高压直流输电领域的模块化多电平换流器,其桥臂级联功率模块数量通常多达数百个;而现有的阀控系统电容排序均压策略存在运算量大、硬件实现困难等问题。针对该问题,首先提出了一种分布式模块电压均衡控制策略;然后通过将桥臂中的功率模块分组,把桥臂电容电压平均值作为参考值。分组模块电压平均值作为反馈值,对各分组功率模块导通数动态调整,在保证电压均衡效果良好的前提下,有效降低控制系统处理器的运算量。该策略中所有功率模块均能实现故障冗余,而不会降低换流器整体冗余能力。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC中构建HVDC系统进行仿真验证,仿真结果证明了该策略的正确性和有效性。     

模块化多电平换流器的子模块电容电压分层均压控制法

为了提高高电平模块化多电平换流器(MMC)均压控制的排序速率和降低换流器的开关损耗,提出了一种适用于高电平MMC的子模块电容电压分层均压控制法。首先,根据桥臂电容电压最值确定电压分层容器,并根据排序的计算复杂度和均压控制效果对分层数进行讨论;然后,根据电容电压大小将子模块放入对应的分层容器,根据桥臂需投子模块个数和桥臂电流方向进行优化排序,确定各子模块的投切;最后,引入容器重新划分判据以减少计算量,即如果任一一个投入子模块的电容电压变化值小于容器的电压间隔,则不重新分层。PSCAD/EMTDC中21电平MMC系统的仿真结果表明,提出的均压控制法能够提高均压控制排序的速率和减少不必要的容器内排序,同时降低绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)的开关损耗。     

异步电动机直接转矩控制新方法

传统异步电动机转矩控制存在转矩脉动大和消除逆变器死区时间代价高的弱点。文章提出一种利用硬件和软件改进控制系统使转矩脉动减少,并有效地消除逆变器死区时间的新方法,仿真和实验结果证实提出的方法是可行的。     

无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动的分析及其补偿方法

针对无机械位置传感器无刷直流方波电动机的换相转矩脉动问题 ,提出了一种新的补偿方法 ,给出了算式 ,并结合仿真和实验验证了所提方法的正确性和实用性。     

Experimental investigation of a speed‐sensor‐less IM drive system under Inverter fault‐tolerant control

This paper proposes an algorithm for fault tolerance of three‐phase, inverter‐fed, speed‐sensor‐less control of a three‐phase induction motor drive system. The fault tolerance of the inverter when one switch is open or one leg of six‐switch inverter is lost is considered. The control of the drive system is based on indirect rotor field‐oriented control theory. Also, the speed estimator is based on model reference adaptive system (using stator current and rotor flux as state variables for estimating the speed). The fault‐tolerant algorithm is able to adaptively change over from a six‐switch inverter to a four‐switch inverter topology when a fault occurs; also, it makes a smooth transition of the motor speed, torque, and current when changing over from a faulty condition to a new healthy status, which is four‐switch three‐phase inverter (FSTPI) topology; thus, the six‐switch three‐phase inverter (SSTPI) topology (pre‐fault status) is almost retained for the medium‐power range of induction motor applications. The proposed algorithm is simulated by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK package. Also, the proposed control system is tested experimentally using a digital signal processor (DSP1104). The obtained results from the simulation model and experimental system demonstrate the performance enhancement and good validity of the fault‐tolerance control for the speed‐sensor‐less induction motor drive system. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Improved Weighting Factor Selection for Predictive Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive Based on a Simple Additive Weighting Method

A predictive torque control (PTC) technique is emerging as an effective alternative for induction motor drives because of its simple structure, ability to include control parameters directly into the cost function, and fast dynamic response. To implement PTC for induction motor drive, both stator flux and torque errors are predicted for each switching state of the converter and the combined error is determined with the help of cost function using a suitable stator flux weighting factor. However, the selection of suitable weighting factor is a tedious and complex task. In this paper, a simple additive weighting method is introduced in the cost function optimization to simplify the weighting factor selection process. To observe the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, both simulation and experimental results are presented for a two-level voltage-source-inverter-fed induction motor drive and compared with conventional PTC under various operating conditions. The proposed control technique achieves low-torque ripple along with reduced switching frequency.     

一种改进异步电机直接转矩控制系统性能的方法

针对异步电动机直接转矩控制系统低速时转矩脉动大,定子磁链内陷和电流畸变等问题,提出了一些改进措施.针对U-I模型计算磁链时直流分量造成积分漂移问题,采用具有幅值补偿环节的改进积分器算法取代纯积分环节克服积分漂移;针对传统的6区段电压矢量选择表中当定子磁链处于区段分界线附近控制性能差和未能充分利用电压矢量等缺点,采用细分优化的12区段选择电压矢量开关表来代替传统6区段电压矢量表,构成一种改进异步电机直接转矩控制系统性能的方法.仿真结果表明该方法可以明显改善磁链轨迹和转矩脉动,提高了控制系统的性能.     

一种新型异步电机直接转矩控制策略研究

异步电机调速系统中,传统直接转矩控制不能满足高精度调速的要求。在分析了异步电机直接转矩控制基本原理的基础上,提出了一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的直接转矩控制方法。通过Matlab/Simulink对该系统进行仿真,仿真结果表明:空间矢量脉宽调制直接转矩控制能够有效地减少电动机转矩和磁链的脉动。     

A new control method of a resonant switched‐capacitor converter and the application for balancing of the split DC voltages in a multilevel inverter

This paper proposes a new voltage‐balancing circuit for the split DC voltages in a diode‐clamped five‐level inverter. The proposed circuit is based on a resonant switched‐capacitor converter (RSCC), which consists of two half‐bridge inverters, a resonant inductor, and a resonant capacitor. A new phase‐shift control of the RSCC is proposed to improve voltage balancing performance. Theoretical analysis reveals the rating of the RSCC and stored energy in the resonant inductor. Experimental results confirm the reduction of the inductor to one‐tenth in volume compared to a conventional voltage‐balancing circuit based on buck‐boost topology. Moreover, the proposed phase‐shift control has demonstrated that it is possible to eliminate the voltage deviation between the DC capacitors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(2): 69–79, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20719     

无传感器控制的无刷直流电机中减少转矩纹波的方法

本文分析了转矩纹波产生的原因,提出了一种在无传感器的直流无刷电机（BLDC motor）控制中减少换相转矩纹波的方法.该方法是通过检测不通电相的相电压得到换相时间来抑制电流脉动产生.在直流变频空调上应用上述方法后,电流脉动和压机振动都明显的减少和降低.     

变母线电压工况下开绕组PMSM单矢量模型预测转矩优化控制

为改善双电源供电型开绕组永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous machine,PMSM)在采用传统单矢量MPTC控制策略时转矩脉动大、计算复杂度高、权重系数较难整定的问题,该文提出一种基于电压矢量幅值的最优矢量快速选取方法,利用无差拍预测转矩控制思想,直接预测出参考电压矢量,消除评价函数中的权重系数,分析变母线电压工况下的基本电压矢量变化趋势,结合扇区细分的思想,对不同电压比例下的矢量选取方法进行分析推导,充分考虑了双电源供电型开绕组PMSM拓扑的所有基本电压矢量,采用类似开关表的方法建立了不同扇区内的最优矢量选取方法,降低算法的计算复杂度,有效改善了电机的转矩脉动。实验结果表明,该文提出的单矢量模型预测转矩控制策略在宽母线电压比例范围内均能获得较好的电机控制效果。     

基于空间电压矢量120°解耦的开绕组异步电机双三电平逆变器零序电压消除

由于开绕组异步电机双三电平逆变器系统存在很大的零序电压,导致整个系统在单一直流电压源供电模式时,容易形成零序环流损坏半导体开关器件和开绕组电机绝缘,只能动态地消除系统零序电压的平均值,不能抑制其瞬时值,即在一个开关周期内只能通过改变小矢量的作用时间,使其每个逆变器的零序电压平均值为零。提出一种新的消除开绕组异步电机双三电平逆变器系统零序电压的方法。该方法无需对每个开关周期内系统的零序电压进行动态抑制,直接利用统一快速算法以及空间电压矢量解耦的原理和方法将给定参考电压矢量分解为两个大小相等、方向互为120°的等效参考电压矢量,并由两个逆变器分别单独产生,以此实现对双三电平逆变器系统零序电压的瞬时值的消除。仿真和实验验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

An improved method of voltage utility factor for PWM control of a five‐leg inverter in two induction motor drives

This paper presents an improved method of voltage utility factor (VUF) from 50 to 86.6% for a five‐leg inverter when two induction motors are driven in vector control and in a condition where the frequencies of the two motors are not very different, and the improved method of voltage utility is theoretically shown. Many modulation methods for the five‐leg inverter have been proposed, but the voltage utility factor is 50% in these methods. The voltage utility factor of the five‐leg inverter is lower than that of the three‐leg inverter as maximum voltage utility factor of the three‐leg inverter is 100%. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.