Expandable interleaved high voltage gain boost DC-DC converter with low switching stress

In this paper, an interleaved DC-DC step-up boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio and low voltage stresses on switches and diodes is proposed. The proposed converter has low average current passing through the diodes and switches and low input current ripple as a feature of interleaved converters. The voltage gain of the proposed converter can be increased by adding more diode-capacitor modules; therefore, the proposed converter has expandable structure. In addition, by implementing more diode-capacitor modules, the switching stresses would be more decreased. Also, to evaluate the performance of the proposed converter, it is compared with other similar presented circuits in the literature. The proposed converter is not only able to provide higher voltage gain but also has lower voltage stresses on switches and diodes. Consequently, switches and diodes with low voltage ratings can be selected. Theoretical analysis is provided in this study for each operation mode and the average current through the switches, diodes and inductors, voltage stresses on switches and diodes, voltage gain, and input current ripple are calculated. Finally, to demonstrate the accuracy performance of the proposed converter, a 450-W prototype is implemented practically.     

A new non‐isolated free ripple input current bidirectional DC‐DC converter with capability of zero voltage switching

In this paper, a new nonisolated free ripple input current bidirectional dc‐dc converter with capability of zero voltage switching (ZVS) is proposed. The free ripple input current condition at low voltage side is achieved by using third winding of a coupled inductor and a capacitor for the whole range of duty cycles. In the proposed structure, the voltage conversion ratio can be more increased by adding the turn ratio of the second winding of the coupled inductor for the whole range of duty cycles. By adjusting the value of an auxiliary inductor in the topology of the converter, according to the power, the ZVS operation of the implemented 2 switches can be achieved throughout the whole power range. The mentioned features of proposed converter are validated theoretically for both boost and buck operations. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed for all operating modes. Moreover, all equations of the voltages and currents of all components, voltage conversion ratio, the required conditions for ZVS operation of switches, and also required conditions for canceling input current ripple at low voltage side are obtained. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter is reconfirmed through experimental and EMTDC/PSCAD simulation results.     

Analysis and implementation of a step–up power converter with input current ripple cancelation

This paper proposes a power electronics converter capable of canceling the input current ripple at preselected duty cycle. The proposed converter is an extended topology of a buck–boost converter aided by a boost‐type converter that improves the quality of the current drawn from the direct current source. The voltage gain of the proposed converter is increased as well, with a minimum of extra component added to the original buck–boost power converter. These features make the proposed converter ideal for low voltage generation sources, such as photovoltaic panel and fuel cell applications. Along this paper, the state space mathematical model is developed to provide the key design guidelines. The theoretical analysis is validated through computer simulation and hardware prototyping.     

Unity-power-factor PWM converter with DC ripple compensation

The generation of harmonics and their subsequent propagation into power lines is a topic of increasing concern to power-supply authorities. To prevent obstacles in the power system, a unity-power-factor PWM converter will be applied at ac-dc power conversion plants. However, the PWM converter, especially at single-phase circuit, has some serious defects, including low-frequency ripple current that flows into the dc line and gives rise to a low-frequency ripple voltage that appears on the dc output. In usual cases, it is necessary to connect a very large capacitor or a passive L-C resonant circuit to the dc line for reduction of low-frequency ripple voltage. However, when batteries are connected to the dc output, most of the dc ripple current flows into the battery even if the above circuits are used, because the impedance of the battery is very low compared to that of the circuits. The low-frequency ripple current causes power loss on the battery and the temperature rises. It is well known that the life of a battery is deeply influenced by the temperature. The ripple current, therefore, should be reduced as low as possible. To accomplish reduction of the low-frequency ripple current, a novel topology for the PWM rectifier is presented in this paper. The main circuit is constituted by adding only a pair of switching devices to the conventional PWM converter circuit. With a simple control technique, the ripple energy on the dc line is converted into stored energy on the input ac capacitors through additional switches. The theoretical characteristics are obtained by using the state-space averaging method. The effect of ripple reduction is confirmed by experiments using a breadboard setup. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 123(1): 51–62, 1998     

一种低输入纹波电流的高增益软开关Boost变换器

针对新能源应用系统中输出电压低的问题,提出一种低输入纹波电流的高增益软开关Boost变换器。该变换器通过在二次型Boost电路的基础上加入耦合电感和倍压电路来提高增益。理论分析与实验结果表明该变换器具有高增益的同时还具有以下优点:1)输入电流为Boost电感电流,相对于耦合电感型变换器来说,其纹波得到大幅降低;2)所有开关管均实现了软开关,降低了开关损耗;3)由于漏感的作用,倍压电路中的二极管反向恢复损耗几乎为0;4)所有元器件的电压应力均低于输出电压,可采用低耐压元器件来降低导通损耗;5)耦合电感在开关导通和关断期间均传递了能量,提高了利用率,从而可提高功率密度。     

具有低输入电流纹波带耦合电感的双向DC-DC变换器

针对燃料电池发电系统输出电压低和输入电流纹波大的问题,本文设计了一种新型带耦合电感的双向DC-DC变换器。该变换器利用超级电容器减少电流纹波对燃料电池的冲击从而提高燃料电池的发电效率,同时通过改变占空比和耦合电感的匝数比来提高输出电压增益。在Matlab/Simulink软件中创建仿真模型,采用平均电流模式搭建控制电路,并详细地分析升压和降压模式下变换器的开关状态与工作特性。仿真结果为：变换器的输入电流纹波约为1%,在耦合电感变比为1时升压电压增益最高为16。结果表明本文所提变换器可以在满足燃料电池发电系统对低频电流纹波的要求同时实现高电压增益,验证了所提出拓扑的可行性。     

A new topology for nonisolated multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter

In this paper, a new multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter is proposed. Multiport dc‐dc converters are widely applicable in hybrid energy generating systems to provide substantial power to sensitive loads. The proposed topology can operate in 3 operational modes of boost, buck, and buck‐boost. Moreover, it has zero voltage switching operation for all switches and has the ability to eliminate the input current ripple; also, at low voltage side, the input sources can be extended. In addition, it has the ability of interfacing 3 different voltages only by using 3 switches. In this paper, the proposed topology is analyzed theoretically for all operating modes; besides, the voltage and current equations of all components are calculated. Furthermore, the required soft switching and zero input currents ripple conditions are analyzed. Finally, to demonstrate the accurate performance of the proposed converter, the Power System Computer Aided Design(PSCAD)/Electro Magnetic Transient Design and Control(EMTDC) simulation and experimental results are extracted and presented.     

A soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a single magnetic component

A soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a single magnetic component is presented in this paper. The proposed converter can provide high voltage gain with a relatively low turn ratio of a transformer. Voltage doubler structure is selected for the output stage. Due to this structure, the voltage gain can be increased, and the voltage stresses of output diodes are clamped as the output voltage. Moreover, the output diode currents are controlled by a leakage inductance of a transformer, and the reverse‐recovery loss of the output diodes is significantly reduced. Two power switches in the proposed converter can operate with soft‐switching due to the reflected secondary current. The voltages across the power switches are confined to the clamping capacitor voltage. Steady‐state analysis, simulation, and experimental results for the proposed converter are presented to validate the feasibility and the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高频Buck变换器输出电压纹波理论分析与实验测量

Buck变换器广泛用于服务器供电电源等场合。提高开关频率可降低变换器体积,但寄生参数对输出电压纹波的影响不可忽略,本文针对此现象展开研究。首先根据Buck变换器高频等效电路模型,求解输出电压数学表达式,推导输出电压纹波变化规律及相应的判定条件,提出输出电容支路上寄生参数影响输出电压纹波大小的结论。通过设计高频同步Buck变换器实验方案,并选用高带宽的测试设备和最小测试环路,实现了对高频电压纹波正确的实验测量,验证了理论分析的正确性。该研究为Buck变换器的电路设计提供理论依据,并为高频实验测量提供相关经验。     

适用于ISOS拓扑的高压DC/DC变换器研究

在电力电子变压器和直流配电网等领域,需要采用DC/DC变换器双向传输能量。为了适用不同电压等级电网,研究适用于ISOS拓扑的双向DC/DC变换器,采用双向LLC谐振实现能量双向流动时开关器件的ZVS和准ZCS,使用均压电阻实现系统的稳态均压。首先描述双向LLC谐振变换器的工作波形,然后采用基波分析法对电路的增益特性进行分析。将适用于ISOS拓扑的增益特性及软开关的实现条件作为双向LLC谐振网络设计的依据,并对高频隔离变压器和ISOS拓扑的均压电路进行分析与设计。最后研制2个6.25 kW的变换器,对所提出的设计方法进行验证。试验证实变换器能够实现能量双向传输时开关器件的ZVS和准ZCS,并且能量双向流动时变换器具有相同的增益特性,同时变换器的串联不均压度小于3%。     

A high step‐up half‐bridge DC/DC converter with a special coupled inductor for input current ripple cancelation and extended voltage doubler circuit for power conditioning of fuel cell systems

This paper presents a high step‐up soft switched dc–dc converter having the feature of current ripple cancelation in the input stage that is specialized for power conditioning of fuel cell systems. The converter comprises a special half‐bridge converter and a rectifier stage based upon the voltage‐doubler circuit, in which the coupled‐inductor technology is amalgamated with switched‐capacitor circuit. The input current with no ripple is the principal characteristics of this topology that is achieved by utilizing a small coupled inductor. In addition, the low clamped voltage stress across both power switches and output diodes is another advantage of the proposed converter, which allows employing the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors with minuscule on‐state resistance and diodes with lower forward voltage‐drop, and thereby, the semiconductors' conduction losses diminish considerably. The inherent nature of this topology handles the switching scheme based on the asymmetrical pulse width modulation in order for switches to establish the zero voltage switching, leading to lower switching losses. Besides, because of the absence of the reverse‐recovery phenomenon, all diodes turn off with zero current switching. At last, a 250‐W laboratory prototype with the input voltage 24 V and output voltage 380 V is implemented to verify the especial features of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hybrid DC–DC converter with high efficiency,wide ZVS range,and less output inductance

In this paper, a new soft switching direct current (DC)–DC converter with low circulating current, wide zero voltage switching range, and reduced output inductor is presented for electric vehicle or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger application. The proposed high‐frequency link DC–DC converter includes two resonant circuits and one full‐bridge phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation circuit with shared power switches in leading and lagging legs. Series resonant converters are operated at fixed switching frequency to extend the zero voltage switching range of power switches. Passive snubber circuit using one clamp capacitor and two rectifier diodes at the secondary side is adopted to reduce the primary current of full‐bridge converter to zero during the freewheeling interval. Hence, the circulating current on the primary side is eliminated in the proposed converter. In the same time, the voltage across the output inductor is also decreased so that the output inductance can be reduced compared with the output inductance in conventional full‐bridge converter. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.33‐kW prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage of 300–420 V/3.5 A for battery charger applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel interleaved ZVS converter with ripple current cancellation

This paper presents a zero voltage switching (ZVS) converter with interleaved pulse‐width modulation scheme. An active clamp circuit is adopted in the proposed converter to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of the transformer and reduce the voltage stress of the main power switch in the converter. The ZVS feature of switches can be achieved due to the resonance during the transition interval of two power switches. Two full‐wave rectifiers with ripple current cancellation are connected in parallel at the output side to reduce the current stress of the secondary winding of transformers. Instead of the conventional interleaved forward converter, power switches in the proposed converter can perform the functions of both forward converter and active clamp at the same time. Therefore, the circuit components in the power circuit are less than that of in the conventional interleaved forward converter. The operation principle and system analysis of the proposed converter are provided. Some experimental results for a 240 W (12 V/20 A) prototype are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型高电压增益DC-DC变换器研究

随着分布式发电的出现,可再生能源与电池组的结合以及负荷对其的严重依赖,对高效电力电子变换器的需求日益增加.提出一种降低电压应力的高增益DC-DC变换器的新颖结构.该结构是传统Boost变换器两级叠加的结果.当占空比较低时,因为增益与占空比的二次关系,所提供的电压增益很高.此外,该变换器的输入电流连续,所提供的负载接地....     

基于GaN器件大功率双向DC/DC变换器的设计与仿真

介绍了一种新的高功率双向隔离式DC/DC变换器作为高功率转换系统的主要电路.DC/DC变换器使用基于氮化镓(GaN)的功率开关器件.对10 kW GaN大功率DC/DC变换器的拓扑结构进行了优化、参数化和分析,并通过仿真和实验验证了其有效性.它由使用新型的GaN晶体管组成的两个单相全桥电路、两个输入/输出电感和一个高频...     

A new interleaved bidirectional dc/dc converter with zero voltage switching and high voltage gain: analyses,design and simulation

In this paper, a new interleaved non‐isolated bidirectional dc–dc converter with capability of zero voltage switching and high voltage gain is proposed. In the proposed converter by using two coupled inductors and one capacitor, the voltage gain is extended. Moreover, by using only an auxiliary circuit that includes an inductor and two capacitors, the zero voltage switching (ZVS) of two used switches in the first phase of converter can be achieved. The ZVS operation of two used switches in the second phase is always obtained without using any extra auxiliary circuit. This converter similar to other interleaved converters has low input current ripple and low current stress on switches. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed in all operating modes, and also the voltage gain, required conditions for ZVS operation of switches, voltage and current stresses of all switches, and the value of input current ripple in both boost and buck operations are obtained. Finally, the accuracy performance of the proposed converter is verified through simulation results in EMTDC/PSCAD software. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型并联型零电流全桥DC/DC变换器

提出了一种新型的含并联辅助电路的零电流转换(ZCT)全桥DC/DC变换器拓扑结构。该变换器采用脉宽调制(PWM),通过在原边增加一个由电容和电感构成的并联有源辅助电路,在开关管状态发生变化时,控制辅助电路的谐振电流,实现了主开关管和辅助开关管的零电流开关(ZCS),也实现了输出整流二极管的软换流,使整流二极管承受的电压相对较低,即为输出电压,特别适合于开关器件为IGBT的高电压大功率场合,消除了IGBT拖尾电流引起的开关损耗,改善了电路性能。分析了变换器的工作原理及零电流开关的实现条件,给出了主电路拓扑结构和谐振网络相关参数设计。根据所选取的参数对主电路进行了仿真研究,结果验证了电路分析的正确性和可行性。     

High voltage gain dual-input dual-output DC-DC converter with reduced voltage stress on semiconductors

This paper proposes a new nonisolated multiport DC-DC converter with two inputs and two outputs with different voltage levels. Different energy sources with distinct voltage-current characteristics can be utilized as the input sources. Regarding multiple outputs, the proposed converter can be utilized in electric vehicles (EVs) to supply the DC traction motor and the auxiliary loads. The main advantages of the proposed converter include the high voltage gain with small values of the duty cycles, low normalized peak voltage stress (NPVS) across the semiconductors, and the continuous input currents. The voltage stress across the semiconductors is lower than the maximum output voltage. This feature makes it possible to use the switches with low turn-on resistance and the diodes with reduced rating voltage. Performance principals of the proposed converter along with the steady-state analysis, such as the derivation of the voltage gains, voltage and current stresses of the semiconductors, etc, are carried out. Experimental measurements made for the laboratory prototype of the proposed converter confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Analysis and implementation of a high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter

A high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter with ripple‐free input current is presented. In the presented converter, the ripple‐free boost cell provides ripple‐free input current and zero‐voltage switching of power switches. The resonant flyback cell provides zero‐voltage switching of power switches and zero‐current switching of the output diode. Also, it has a simple output stage. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the reduction of the switching losses of the power switches and the output diode. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed and its experimental results are presented for validation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design and implementation of an interleaved soft‐switching converter with output voltage doubler

An interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) converter with less power switches is presented in this paper. The buck type of active clamp circuit is used to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of a transformer. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on of power switches is realized by the resonance during the transition interval of power switches. At the secondary side of transformers, two full‐wave rectifiers with dual‐output configuration are connected in parallel to reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings of transformers. In the proposed converter, power switches can accomplish two functions of the interleaved PWM modulation and active clamp feature at the same time. Therefore, the circuit components in the proposed converter are less than that of the conventional interleaved ZVS forward converter. The operation principle and system analysis of the proposed converter are provided in detail. Experimental results for a 280 W prototype operated at 100 kHz are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.