Rhizomucor miehei triglyceride lipase is processed and secreted from transformedAspergillus oryzae

The cDNA encoding the precursor of theRhizomucor miehei triglyceride lipase was inserted in anAspergillus oryzae expression vector. In this vector the expression of the lipase cDNA is under control of theAspergillus oryzae α-amylase gene promoter and theAspergillus niger glucoamylase gene terminator. The recombinant plasmid was introduced intoAspergillus oryzae, and transformed colonies were selected and screened for lipase expression. Lipase-positive transformants were grown in a small fermentor, and recombinant triglyceride lipase was purified from the culture broth. The purified enzymatically active recombinant lipase (rRML) secreted fromA. oryzae was shown to have the same characteristics with respect to mobility on reducing SDS-gels and amino acid composition as the native enzyme. N-terminal amino acid sequencing indicated that approximately 70% of the secreted rRML had the same N-terminal sequence as the nativeRhizomucor miehei enzyme, whereas 30% of the secreted rRML was one amino acid residue shorter in the N-terminal. The recombinant lipase precursor, which has a 70 amino acid propeptide, is thus processed in and secreted fromAspergillus oryzae. We have hereby demonstrated the utility of this organism as a host for the production of recombinant triglyceride lipases.     

Expression of an Endo-β-1,4-glucanase Gene from Orpinomyces PC-2 in Pichia pastoris

The endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene celE from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 was placed under the control of an alcohol oxidase promoter (AOX1) in the plasmid pPIC9K, and integrated into the genome of a methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris GS115 by electroporation. The strain with highest endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity was selected and designed as P. pastoris egE, and cultivated in shaking flasks. The culture supernatant was assayed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed a single band at about 52 kDa. Furthermore, the recombinant P. pastoris egE was proved to possess the ability to utilize sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a carbon source. The recombinant endoglucanase produced by P. pastoris showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and temperature 45 °C, indicating it was a mesophilic neutral endo-β-1,4-glucanase, suitable for denim biofinishing/washing. Further research was carried out in suitable fermentation medium in shaking flasks. The most favorable methanol addition concentration was discussed and given as 1.0%. After methanol induction for 96 h, the endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity reached 72.5 IU mL(-1). This is the first report on expression and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Orpinomyces in P. pastoris. The endo-β-1,4-glucanase secreted by recombinant P. pastoris represents an attractive potential for both academic research and textile industry application.     

High-level expression of bovine beta-lactoglobulin in Pichia pastoris and characterization of its physical properties

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) variant A has been expressed in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris by fusion of the cDNA to the sequence coding for the alpha-mating factor prepro-leader peptide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. P. pastoris Mut+ transformants were obtained by single cross-over integration of the BLG-containing vector into the AOX1 locus. In a fed-batch fermenter, a cell density of approximately 300 mg/ml was achieved by controlled glycerol feeding for a total of 24 h. After 72 h of methanol induction, the secreted BLG reached levels of > 1 g/l. The secreted protein could be purified to homogeneity by ion- exchange chromatography. Amino-terminal sequencing of the secreted BLG revealed that the Glu-Ala spacer repeats inserted between the mature protein and the alpha-factor prepro-leader were still present. The purified protein was characterized by a number of methods, including CD spectroscopy, guanidine-HCl unfolding, crystallization and two- dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy. By all of these measures, the physical characteristics of recombinant BLG were indistinguishable from those of the native purified bovine BLG, making it useful as a model for protein folding and other biophysical studies.      

Synthesis of (4S, 10R, 11S)-4-Methyl Juvenile Hormone I by Using Chiral Building Blocks of Biochemical Origin

The title compound 1 was synthesized starting from (2S, 3S)-2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylcyclohexanone ( B ) and (R)-3-methyl-5-pentanolide ( 3 ). The key step for the preparation of B was the reduction of the corresponding diketone with a yeast, Pichia terricola KI0117, and that for the preparation of 3 was pig liver esterase (PLE)-catalyzed hydrolysis of C to give D.     

A Comparative Study on the Expression, Purification and Functional Characterization of Human Adiponectin in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli

Adiponectin is one of the most bioactive substances secreted by adipose tissue and is involved in the protection against metabolic syndrome, artherosclerosis and type II diabetes. Research into the use of adiponectin as a promising drug for metabolic syndromes requires production of this hormone in high quantities considering its molecular isoforms. The objective of this study is to produce recombinant human adiponectin by Pichia pastoris (P-ADP) as a cheap and convenient eukaryotic expression system for potential application in pharmaceutical therapy. For comparison, adiponectin was also expressed using the Escherichia coli (E-ADP) expression system. Adiponectin was constructed by overlap-extension PCR, and cloned in standard cloning vector and hosts. Recombinant expression vectors were cloned in the P. pastoris and E. coli host strains, respectively. SDS-PAGE and western blotting were used to detect and analyse expressed recombinant protein in both systems. Adiponectin was purified by affinity chromatography and quantified using the Bradford Assay. The results of this study indicated that P-ADP quantity (0.111 mg/mL) was higher than that of E-ADP (0.04 mg/mL) and both were produced in soluble form. However, P-ADP was able to form high molecular weights of adiponectin molecules, whilst E-ADP was not able to form isoforms higher than trimer. In addition, P-ADP was more active in lowering blood glucose compared with E-ADP. The two types of proteins were equally efficient and significantly decreased blood triglyceride and increased high density lipoprotein. We conclude that P. pastoris is able to produce high quantity of bioactive adiponectin for potential use in treatment of metabolic syndromes.     

毕赤酵母产重组木聚糖酶发酵条件的优化及其酶学性质

目的优化毕赤酵母工程菌GS115/xyn11A产重组木聚糖酶的发酵条件,并检测其酶学性质。方法采用单因素试验和L(934)正交试验考察摇瓶发酵条件下培养基起始pH值、诱导剂甲醇添加量、诱导温度及诱导时间对产酶活性的影响;并分析重组木聚糖酶的酶学性质。结果影响重组毕赤酵母产酶的因素重要性依次为:培养基起始pH值>诱导时间>诱导温度>甲醇添加量,重组酵母产酶最佳条件为:起始pH值7.5,甲醇添加量1.5%,32℃诱导96 h,在此条件下进行诱导表达重组木聚糖酶的酶活性可达228.35 IU/ml;酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH值为5.5,在低于40℃和pH 4.5～7.5的范围内较稳定。结论优化了毕赤酵母产重组木聚糖酶的发酵条件,为木聚糖酶的工业化生产及应用提供了依据。     

突变型干扰素-τ的表达、纯化及其抗乙型肝炎病毒作用

目的在毕赤酵母中表达突变型干扰素-τ(IFN-τ),并检测其生物学活性及抗乙型肝炎病毒作用。方法将绵羊IFN-τ序列中6个氨基酸突变为人IFN-α相应的氨基酸,将合成的基因克隆至pPICZα质粒,构建突变型IFN-τ表达质粒pPICZα-IFN-τ,转化巴斯德毕赤酵母中进行高密度发酵。发酵上清液经超滤浓缩、离子交换层析和分子筛层析纯化后,检测其生物学活性及抗乙型肝炎病毒作用,并与市售IFN-α2a进行比较。结果发酵上清液中突变型IFN-τ的表达量为400～500mg/L,占上清总蛋白的40%以上;纯化收率达31.4%,纯度约为95%;比活为2.1×107IU/mg;对乙型肝炎病毒的抑制作用与IFN-α2a相当,但细胞毒性显著低于后者。结论已在毕赤酵母中高效表达了突变型IFN-τ,表达的蛋白具有较高的生物学活性,对乙型肝炎病毒有良好的抑制作用,且细胞毒性较低。     

猪血清白蛋白基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的克隆猪血清白蛋白(PSA)基因,并在毕赤酵母中分泌表达。方法Trizol法提取新鲜猪肝组织总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增PSA全长cDNA,克隆至酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZaC,构建重组表达质粒pPICZaC-PSA,电转化至毕赤酵母X33,甲醇诱导表达,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。结果重组表达质粒pPICZaC-PSA经双酶切及测序鉴定正确,表达的重组蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析,在相对分子质量约69500处可见特异条带,表达量为菌体总蛋白的29.5%,紫外吸收法测定蛋白含量为0.06mg/ml,并可与PSA多抗发生特异性反应。结论已成功克隆了PSA基因,并在毕赤酵母中获得表达。     

表达重组人可溶性TRAIL的毕氏酵母发酵工艺

目的优化rhsTRAIL毕氏酵母工程菌在5L发酵罐中的发酵表达工艺参数。方法研究培养基种类、细胞密度、甘油含量、pH值、甲醇浓度、甲醇流加速率及诱导时间等参数对工程菌生长及目的蛋白表达的影响,并用电镜观察其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡特征。结果在无机盐培养基中,按10%接种A600=8～12的种菌后,24h酵母菌增殖至A600=76;甘油含量为1%时,菌体生长速度快(A600=160);培养基pH值5.0,甲醇终浓度为1%时,诱导96h表达量最高达到120mg/L,并具有诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡特征。结论rhsTRAIL毕氏酵母的发酵工艺参数为无机盐培养基,pH值5.0,接种10%A600=8～12的种菌,甘油含量1%,甲醇终浓度1%,诱导96h。     

Prion protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells using a glutamine synthetase selection and amplification system

Syrian hamster prion protein (PrPC) and a truncated Syrian hamster prion protein lacking the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor C- terminal signal sequence (GPI-) were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells using a glutamine synthetase selection and amplification system. The CHO cell clones expressing the GPI- PrP secreted the majority of the protein into the media, whereas most of the PrP produced by clones expressing the full-length protein with the GPI anchor was located on the cell surface, as demonstrated by its release upon treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC). A cell clone that expressed the highest levels of full length PrP was subcloned to obtain clone 30C3-1. PrP from clone 30C3-1 was shown to be sensitive to proteolysis by proteinase K and to react with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that recognize native PrPC. The recombinant PrP migrated as a diffuse band of 19-40 kDa but removal of the N-linked oligosaccharides with peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) revealed three protein species of 19, 17 and 15 kDa. The 19 kDa band corresponding to deglycosylated full-length PrP was quantified and found to be expressed at a level approximately 14-fold higher than that of PrPC found in Syrian hamster brain.      

共表达蛋白二硫键异构酶对IFNβ-HSA融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中表达的影响

目的探讨共表达蛋白二硫键异构酶(PDI)对干扰素β与人血清白蛋白(IFNβ-HSA)融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中表达的影响。方法根据GenBank公布的毕赤酵母PDI序列设计引物,利用PCR方法从毕赤酵母基因组中扩增目的基因片段,插入表达载体pPICZαA,并整合入融合蛋白(IFNβ-HSA)基因工程菌中,筛选共表达PDI的重组酵母菌,甲醇诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定表达产物,ELISA法检测IFNβ-HSA的表达量。结果经PCR鉴定,重组表达质粒pPICZαA-PDI已转入毕赤酵母KM71/pPIC9K-IFNβ-HSA中。经SDS-PAGE分析,PDI在菌体内大量表达,原始菌株和共表达菌株均明显表达融合蛋白IFNβ-HSA,共表达PDI菌株表达量提高了60%,ELISA法测定达(22.49±3.52)mg/L。结论共表达PDI能促进外源蛋白的分泌表达,为进一步研究在毕赤酵母中过量表达分子伴侣对其分泌外源蛋白的影响奠定了基础。     

Functional roles of the N-terminal amino acid residues in the Mn(II)-L- malate binding and subunit interactions of pigeon liver malic enzyme

Pigeon liver malic enzyme has an N-terminal amino acid sequence of Met- Lys-Lys-Gly-Tyr-Glu-. In this work, various mutants of the enzyme with individual or combinational deletion (delta) or substitution at these amino acids were constructed and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli cells. A major protein band corresponding to an Mr of approximately 65000 was observed for all recombinant enzymes in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, when examining by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions, the recombinant enzymes were found to possess a tetrameric structure with Mr approximately 260000 or a mixture of tetramers and dimers with the exception of delta(K2K3G4) and delta(1-16) mutants, which existed exclusively as dimers at the protein concentration we employed. K3A and K3E also dissociated substantially. K(2,3)A was a tetramer but K(2,3)E essentially existed as dimers. All tetramers and dimers were enzymatically active in the gels. All mutants displayed a similar apparent Km value for NADP+. The apparent Km for L-malate and Mn(II), on the other hand, was increased by 4-27-fold for the delta(K2/K3) and the delta(1-16) mutants. The small binding affinity of delta(K2/K3) with Mn(II)-L-malate was specific. With additional deletion at positions 3 and/or 4, the delta(K2K3), delta(K2G4/K3G4) or delta(K2K3G4) mutants exhibited similar kinetic properties for the wild type. The lysine residues at the positions 2 or 3 seem to be crucial for the correct active site conformation. The results indicate that the N-terminus of malic enzyme is located at the Mn(II)-L-malate binding domain of the active center and is also near the subunit's interface. These results were interpreted with our asymmetric double-dimer model for the enzyme in which the N-terminus was involved in the head-to-tail monomer-monomer interactions but not the dimer-dimer interactions.      

粘红酵母ATP:柠檬酸裂解酶基因的克隆表达和酶学性质

从粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)中克隆得到ATP:柠檬酸裂解酶基因两个亚基acl1和acl2,转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115进行诱导表达,通过Ni柱纯化目的蛋白,以实时波长扫描对重组蛋白的酶学性质进行测定.SDS-PAGE分析表明,两个亚基ACL1和ACL2的分子量分别为...     

重组人乳铁蛋白基因克隆及表达

目的　构建重组人乳铁蛋白 (HLF)的毕赤酵母分泌表达菌株 ,并对表达产物进行评价。方法　由外周血白细胞总RNA经RT- PCR克隆获得HLF基因结构cDNA ,测序后克隆入酵母表达载体获得质粒pPIC9K- HLF ,线性化后电转化入毕赤酵母 ,经G4 -18 YPD筛选多拷贝后进行甲醇诱导表达。结果　获得基因与GenBank中的人HLF0 1基因基本相符。 2株多拷贝菌株诱导表达产物均能与人HLF抗体反应 ,具有抑制大肠杆菌生长的作用。结论　获得了能分泌有活性HLF的重组人乳铁蛋白 (HLF)的毕赤酵母分泌表达菌株。     

人溶菌酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及发酵条件的优化

目的在毕赤酵母中表达人溶菌酶(Human lysozyme,hLY)基因,并对发酵条件进行优化。方法将人工合成的hLY成熟肽基因克隆至表达载体pPIC9K中,电转化至毕赤酵母GS115,通过抗G418筛选获得高拷贝重组子GS115/hly,经甲醇低温诱导表达后,取发酵液上清进行SDS-PAGE分析及酶活性检测,并对培养基初始pH值、甲醇添加量、诱导温度和时间进行优化。结果人工合成的hly测序结果与GenBank中报道的核酸序列完全一致;GS115/hly经PCR鉴定,hly基因已整合入GS115基因组内;经甲醇诱导表达的GS115/hly发酵液上清具有溶菌活性,活性达30U/ml;经SDS-PAGE分析,在相对分子质量约15200处可见目的蛋白条带;GS115/hly的最佳诱导条件为:培养基初始pH5.0,甲醇添加量2.0%,26℃诱导108h。结论在毕赤酵母GS115中表达了具有较高酶活性的hLY,并对发酵条件进行了初步优化。     

圆弧青霉碱性脂肪酶在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

目的在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中高效表达圆弧青霉碱性脂肪酶(Alkaline lipase,LipⅠ)。方法采用RT-PCR法从圆弧青霉PG37中扩增lipⅠ基因的cDNA片段,克隆入表达质粒pPIC9K中,构建重组表达质粒pPIC9K-lipⅠ,转化入毕赤酵母GS115,筛选高拷贝重组子GS115/lipⅠ,甲醇诱导表达,并对诱导表达条件进行初步优化。结果 GS115/lipⅠ在培养基初始pH6.0,甲醇添加量1.0%的BMMY培养基中,于30℃诱导96h,发酵液上清中LipⅠ的活性为10.5U/ml。在培养基初始pH9.0,甲醇添加量1.0%的BMMY培养基中,24℃诱导120h,GS115/lipⅠ发酵液上清中LipⅠ的活性最高,达407U/ml。结论在毕赤酵母GS115中高效表达了具有活性的圆弧青霉LipⅠ。     

Recombinant production of human microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

Microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of groups 1-3 are mainly expressed in the liver and play a crucial role in phase 1 reactions of xenobiotic metabolism. The cDNAs encoding human CYP2D6 and human NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) were transformed into the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and expressed with control of the methanol-inducible AOX1 promoter. The determined molecular weights of the recombinant CYP2D6 and CPR closely matched the calculated values of 55.8 and 76.6 kDa. CPR activity was detected by conversion of cytochrome c by using isolated microsomes. Nearly all of the recombinant CYP was composed of the active holoenzyme, as confirmed by reduced CO difference spectra, which showed a single peak at 450 nm. Only by coexpression of human CPR and CYP was CYP2D6 activity obtained. Microsomes containing human CPR and CYP2D6 converted different substrates, such as 3-cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin, parathion and dextrometorphan. The kinetic parameters of dextrometorphan conversion closely matched those of CYP2D6 from other recombinant expression systems and human microsomes. The endogenous NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase of Pichia pastoris seems to be incompatible with human CYP2D6, as expression of CYP2D6 without human CPR did not result in any CYP activity. These recombinant strains provide a novel, easy-to-handle and cheap source for the biochemical characterisation of single microsomal cytochromes, as well as their allelic variants.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of D-erythrulose reductase from chicken: its close structural relation to tetrameric carbonyl reductases

Sequence analysis of a cDNA for D-erythrulose reductase fromchicken liver showed that the deduced open reading frame encodesthe protein with a molecular mass of 26 kDa consisting of 246amino acids. Although the reductase shares more than 60% identityin the amino acid sequence with the mouse tetrameric carbonylreductase, these two enzymes have many biochemical differences;their substrate specificity, subcellular localization, organdistribution, etc. A three-dimensional structure of D-erythrulosereductase was predicted by comparative modeling based on thestructure of the tetrameric carbonyl reductase (PDB entry =1CYD). Most of the residues at the active site (within 4 Åfrom the ligand) of the carbonyl reductase were also conservedin the D-erythrulose reductase. Nevertheless, Val190 and Leu146in the active site of the tetrameric carbonyl reductase weresubstituted in the D-erythrulose reductase by Asn192 and His148,respectively. The substitutions in the active sites may be relatedto the difference in substrate specificity of the two enzymes.The phylogenic analysis of D-erythrulose reductase and the otherrelated proteins suggests that the protein described as a carbonylreductase D-erythrulose reductase.     

蜡状芽抱杆菌壬基苯酚降解酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质(英文)

An extracellular NP-degrading enzyme secreted by Bacillus cereus.Frankland was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation,Phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic-interaction chromatography and DEAE anion-exchange chromatography.On SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis,the purified enzyme showed a relative molecular mass of 58.3 kDa.The depolymerzation of subunits was accompanied with the loss of NP-degrading enzyme activity,and removing denaturing factors by dialysis could restore the dimer structure and enzymatic activity.The enzyme had an isoelectric point of 5.5 and an optimal temperature of 60℃,and was the most active at pH 6.0.The enzymatic activity was stable at pH 4-8 and inhibited by Cu2+.TenN-terminal amino acids were determined to be ASVNSIKIGY,demonstrating that the purified enzyme was a novel one.The hydrolysis pattern of the purified enzyme indicated that the NP-degrading enzyme was an endo NP-degrading enzyme.The extraordinary thermo-stability provided the enzyme with a good prospect to be used as a new tool for clean-production process for textile industry.     

Rhizomucor miehei triglyceride lipase is synthesized as a precursor

ARhizomucor miehie cDNA library constructed inEscherichia coli was screened with synthetic oligonucleotides designed from knowledge of a partial amino acid sequence of the secreted triglyceride lipase (triacyl-glycerol acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) from this fungus. Lipase-specific recombinants were isolated and their insert sequenced. Unlike characterized bacterial and mammalian triglyceride lipases, the fungal enzyme is synthesized as a precursor, including a 70 amino acid residue propeptide between the 24 amino acid residues of the signal peptide and the 269 residues of the mature enzyme. The precursor processing mechanism, which involves cleavage between a methionine and a serine residue, is unknown. By sequence comparison with other lipases, a serine residue involved in substrate binding was identified in the fungal lipase. The sequence around this residue is well-conserved among characterized lipases. Conservation of an intron in an isolated cDNA recombinant and immunoprecipitation of in vitro synthesizedR. miehei translation products indicates that the expression of the lipase gene might involve inefficient mRNA splicing.