水力喷射式电解曝气装置

水力喷射式电解曝气装置是一种去除水中COD、 BOD的高效能的水处理装置。一般设在去除悬浮物(SS)的澄清沉淀装置之后。日本将其放在水力循环加速澄清池后,用来处理生活饮用水、工业用水、生活污水和生产废水等。其处理能力一般在50000米~3/日以下。电解曝气是通过电解过程中所产生的初生态氧和大气中的氧气,将水中的有机物(碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪等)分解,生成水和二氧化碳的处理方法。污水在电解喷射器内与吸入的空气相混合,同时在水中放     

北京市城市道路雨水径流水质特性研究

对北京市城市道路雨水径流水质监测结果表明,雨水径流水质恶劣,主要污染物指标与生活污水相近,且初期雨水径流水质更劣.道路雨水径流SS与其他污染物的相关性研究表明,径流污染物多数存在于SS中,可通过沉淀去除SS,进而提高雨水水质.雨水静置沉淀试验结果表明,北京市道路雨水SS的沉淀性能良好,经过充分沉淀,雨水上清液能够达到<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>(GB/T 18920-2002)对城市绿化用水的要求,且雨水储存14 d不会发生缺氧变质现象.     

微动力生物生态技术在生活污水处理中的应用

为了对生活污水进行高效处理,避免生活污水的无序排放污染自然生态环境和对人们的健康、生命安全造成影响和危害,采用微动力生物生态技术,利用波式流人工湿地中水体反复经过好氧、厌氧过程,达到去除污染物的目的。结果表明,该技术对生活污水中悬浮物及BOD的去除率可达90％以上,对COD及TP的去除率达到85％以上;微动力生物生态技术对生活污水中污染物的去除率较高、对污染负荷波动有较高的适应性,且运行成本不高于0.1元／m³。     

A/O工艺稳定运行初期对城市污水污染物净化特性的研究

利用调试的A/O工艺处理城市污水,结果表明调试后的A/O工艺能很好的去除城市污水中的COD、氨氮和SS等污染物,COD、BOD和SS去除率达到80%以上.,经过A/O工艺处理后污水中COD、氨氮和SS等污染物在运行过程中绝大部分时间能达到<污水综合排放标准>(B类)(18919-2002)标准,甚至90%以上的运行时间能达到<污水综合排放标准>(A类)(18919-2002)标准.     

生物过滤氧化反应器处理生活污水中试研究

以生活污水为处理对象 ,研究了生物过滤氧化反应器 (BIOFOR)在高滤速、高负荷、小的气水比情况下 ,用非常短的水力停留时间 (6 0～ 80min) ,取得了很好的出水水质的机理 ,主要水质指标 (COD、BOD、SS、氨氮 )可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》或《生活杂用水水质标准》。同时探讨了滤速及容积负荷对出水水质的影响 ,分析了主要污染物的去除规律。     

水解酸化-接触氧化-混凝沉淀处理酱油酿造废水

南方某酱油酿造企业产生废水整体呈现为较高的BOD、COD、SS和色度等特征,总排放量约330 m~3/d.针对其水质特征,采用水解酸化-接触氧化-混凝沉淀处理工艺.工程实践表明,该工艺对有机物、氨氮、色度、悬浮物均具有较好的处理效果,出水达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)一级标准.     

武汉晒湖地区城市污水水质特征分析

对武汉晒湖地区的城市污水水质进行了8个月的监测,结果表明各污染物指标各月的逐时变化规律具有各自的相似性,有机污染物浓度偏低且非溶解性有机物所占比例为50％左右,雨天COD,BOD和SS指标值有大幅度提高。根据该污水水质特征现状,黄家湖污水处理厂可采用生物除磷脱氮工艺或化学一级强化后续生态单元的处理工艺。     

混凝法强化城市污水处理的生产试验研究

进行了混凝法强化城市污水处理的生产性试验。试验结果表明,COD,BOD,SS,NH3-N,TP的去除率分别可达73.4％,84.8％,86.0％,60.5％,94.3％,处理1万m3污水的运行费用为4 600元,污水经处理后出水指标符合GB8979-1996及广州DB4437-90污水排放一级标准。     

京杭运河杭州段水污染源特征与截污措施建议

京杭运河杭州段地势低洼,一直是杭州城市和沿线郊区的污水受纳场所。经调查,在城区运河干流沿线两岸的合流管线污染源共有521处,其中生活污染源占95.2％,排入运河主河道污水量21820 m3／d。采用等标污染负荷法评价污染源,得出主要污染源80个,主要污染物为COD、BOD和NH3-N。提出了截污的基本原则和设想。     

昆明某城市污水处理厂进水特征分析

对昆明某城市污水处理厂连续三年的进水水质水量进行详细的分析,结果表明COD、BOD5与SS的相关性高且稳定,TP、TN与SS相关性相对较低且变化程度远大于前二者;厂区进水量受季节性影响较大,且进水中的BOD5、COD、TP和SS在雨季(5~10月)的波动幅度明显大于旱季(11月~次年4月);雨季初期,厂区进水中的污染物浓度出现增大的趋势,但污染物浓度将在水量最大的月份迅速降低。在统计年内,该厂进水BOD5/COD均值为0.47,2013年内BOD5/COD0.45的天数占统计天数的比例高达97.75%,可生化性优良。     

Role of a cascade of reservoirs in regulating downstream transport of sediment,carbon and nutrients: Case study of tropical arid climate Tana River Basin

Mass balances for dissolved and particulate organic C (DOC and POC), particulate nitrogen (PN) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved and dissolved Si (DSi) were estimated by considering the annual fluxes in and out of three cascading reservoirs (Masinga, Kamburu and Gitaru) on the Tana River, Kenya. Flux data were obtained through biweekly sampling of the main inflows and outflows of the three reservoirs between May 2011 and May 2013. The degree of retention of particulate and dissolved materials generally was higher in Masinga Reservoir, compared to Kamburu and Gitaru reservoirs, which could be attributable to the much higher water retention time (i.e., 163, 19 and 3 days for Masinga, Kamburu and Gitaru, respectively, in 2012; 136, 14 and 2 days for Masinga, Kamburu and Gitaru reservoirs, respectively, in 2013). It was also observed the two smaller reservoirs (Kamburu and Gitaru) did not always act as net sinks of materials, but occasionally were a net source of materials transported downstream. The role of reservoirs in material retention was also found to exhibit interannual variability, likely controlled by the total annual water discharge into the reservoirs.     

物元分析在建筑施工安全风险评估中的应用

在建筑施工过程中,由于人、物、环境和管理上的不确定因素形成大量的风险,这些风险事件一旦发生便会造成不同程度的人员伤亡和经济损失,所以必须对建筑工程进行有效的风险评估。系统地分析了和建筑施工安全风险评估相关的主要因素,通过构造物元模型,设计关联函数,利用物元分析的基本原理探讨在建筑施工安全风险等级评价中的应用。     

Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Indicators of Environmental Degradation in the Southern Nearshore Zone of the Central Basin of Lake Erie

The benthic macroinvertebrates of the central basin of Lake Erie were sampled with a Ponar grab in the summers of 1978 and 1979 along a 155-km reach of the nearshore zone (≤ 12 km offshore) in Ohio, U.S.A., at depths of less than 20 m. The major groups and their most abundant species were, in order of overall abundance, Oligochaeta (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. cervix-L. claparedeianus group, L. maumeensis), Sphaeriidae (Pisidium casertanum, P. henslowanum, Sphaerium corneum, Musculium transversum), and Chironomidae (Procladius sp., Chironomus spp.). The average abundance of oligochaetes in the harbors was 21,000 individuals m^?2 in 1978 and 12,700 m^?2 in 1979, compared with 1,500 m^?2 and 1,200 m^?2, respectively, in the areas outside of harbors. Comparison of the macrobenthic assemblages with those in other regions of the Great Lakes, using several numerical indices as well as indicator species distributions, indicated that the general area of the nearshore zone outside of harbors possesses a moderate degree of organic enrichment, with a gradient of decreasing pollution in an offshore direction. The harbors appeared to be severely degraded, as reflected by the high densities of oligochaetes and the almost complete absence of all but the most pollution-tolerant species. The documentation of species distributions will enable future assessments of changes in the nearshore benthic communities.     

物元分析法在水质评价中的应用

本文根据物元分析理论,探讨了水库水质的综合评价模型,并根据多次实测结果对黄前水库水质进行评价,评价结果表明利用物元模型评价结果与属性识别法和灰色关联度法评价结果基本一致,且符合实际情况。同时该方法简单易懂,适合于有标准的系统评价问题。     

Chemistry,Mineralogy, and Morphology of Lake Erie Suspended Matter

Suspended matter was collected from different depths at three stations in spring and summer, 1978, in Lake Erie. Chemistry, mineralogy, and morphology of the suspended particles were measured to investigate spatial and temporal changes. The determined elements (Si, Fe, Ca, K, Mn, P, Al, Ti, and Mg) were partitioned between inorganic and biological material and the majority of these elements were present in at least two different chemical forms. Flocculates > 3 μm composed of organic material and mineral fragments were common at the water surface and the middle of the water column. Mineral fragments < 3 μm were the major constituent of suspended matter at the bottom at the deepest sampling station (62 m). The concentration of the major components of the suspended matter, organic material, alumino-silicates, and calcite, varied significantly from spring until later summer. The high concentration of organic material and the fluctuations of calcite concentration result from high rates of photosynthesis and respiration and temperature increases in spring and summer.     

Ecological implications of the analysis of the redox system of organic matter in the streams of vizcaya (Northern Spain)

Eleven physicochemical variables (pH, temperature, oxygen, percentage of oxygen saturation, orthophosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, orthosilicate, organic matter and organic matter in sediment) have been analysed in 175 sampling sites during four seasons in 1985. A principal component analysis has been applied after standardization of the density function of the variables, according to skewness and kurtosis. Four main groups of sites have been differentiated. These groups represent different degrees in the redox process of organic matter. (A) Very oxygenated sites with high pH values indicating that the mineralization process prevails. Organic matter appears in low concentrations and a reduced state. (B) Sites nutrient enrichment where elements with high oxidation number prevail (nitrite, nitrate, and orthophosphate). (C) Sites supporting high organic pollution. (D) Sites subjected to heavy urban and/or industrial dumping.     

可拓物元分析方法在工业节水综合评价中的应用

工业节水综合评价涉及到社会、经济和环境等诸多方面,是一个特殊而复杂的过程.本文将物元分析理论和可拓学的相关理论相结合,建立了工业节水的可拓物元评价模型.以鄂尔多斯市为例,根据建立的评价模型对该地区的工业节水进行了全面的评价.结果表明:该评价方法结构合理,能够直观明确地反映鄂尔多斯市实际工业节水综合水平,进而针对评价结果提出合理节水措施,以提高工业节水水平,具有推广应用价值.     

不同施钾水平对玉米干物质及产量的影响

生物产量是提高经济产量的基础,而施肥是调控生物产量及其组分动态转化的重要手段。本研究通过不同施钾水平对玉米干物质积累动态变化的影响分析,确定出钾肥合理用量,为玉米高产高效栽培提供理论依据。     

我国植被恢复对土壤性状影响研究综述

 生态修复是改善生态环境的重要手段,对于土壤、水文、植被等多方面具有影响。介绍了植被恢复对土壤水分、土壤密度、土壤有机质、土壤氮等4个方面的影响。结果表明：①植被恢复对土壤的影响有利有弊,大多数情况下植被恢复降低土壤水分,提高养分含量,降低土壤密度;②从不同的指标来看,植被恢复改善土壤性状所需时间不同,从3年至20年以上;有些立地条件下,人工造林土壤性状长期低于天然林;③对于改善土壤性状没有明显作用的植物种,在进行合理配置后,有可能产生很好的改良土壤作用。在此基础上提出植被恢复需进一步明确的各类指标目标阈值及措施。     

物元分析方法在电力负荷预测中的应用

运用了物元分析方法对电力负荷进行了预测，利用负荷与三大产业的生产总值的历史数据构造经典域和节域物元，应用物元分析中的关联函数来建立电力负荷预测模型，实例分析表明，物元分析方法用于电力负荷预测是有效的。