Performance Evaluation of a Markovian Policy for Macro/Femto User Allocation Considering Aspects of QoS,QoE and Energy Efficiency

The advancement of wireless networks offers mobile users a diversity connectivity options, but the choice of the best connection should consider classics QoS aspects and, with increasing multimedia applications, should also consider QoE metrics. Another important parameter to choose the best connection is the energy efficiency by reducing the battery consumption of the devices and reducing CO2 emissions （green network）. This paper validates a Markovian policy for distribution of user load balancing in femtocell/macrocell networks considering QoS/QoE and energy consumption providing quality for multimedia applications. The results obtained by simulation proved the benefits.     

The Infinite Evolution Mechanism of ϵ-Bisimilarity

In this paper, we focus on the convergence mechanism of ε-bisimulation under probabilistic processes to discuss the dynamic correctness of the software. Firstly, ε-limit bisimulation is defined for reflecting the dynamic relation between software specification and implementation. Some special ε-limit bisimulations are showed. Secondly, ε-bisimulation limit is proposed, which states the specification is the limit of implementation under ε-bisimulation. The uniqueness of ε-bisimulation limit and consistence with ε-bisimulation are presented. Finally, the substitutivity laws of ε-bisimulation limit with various combinators are proved.     

Generating test data for both path coverage and fault detection using genetic algorithms

The aim of software testing is to find faults in a program under test, so generating test data that can expose the faults of a program is very important. To date, current stud- ies on generating test data for path coverage do not perform well in detecting low probability faults on the covered path. The automatic generation of test data for both path coverage and fault detection using genetic algorithms is the focus of this study. To this end, the problem is first formulated as a bi-objective optimization problem with one constraint whose objectives are the number of faults detected in the traversed path and the risk level of these faults, and whose constraint is that the traversed path must be the target path. An evolution- ary algorithm is employed to solve the formulated model, and several types of fault detection methods are given. Finally, the proposed method is applied to several real-world programs, and compared with a random method and evolutionary opti- mization method in the following three aspects： the number of generations and the time consumption needed to generate desired test data, and the success rate of detecting faults. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can effectively generate test data that not only traverse the target path but also detect faults lying in it.     

A theoretical framework for quantum image representation and data loading scheme

Two fundamental problems exist in the use of quantum computation to process an image or signal.The first one is how to represent giant data,such as image data,using quantum state without losing information.The second one is how to load a colossal volume of data into the quantum registers of a quantum CPU from classical electronic memory.Researches on these two questions are rarely reported.Here an entangled state is used to represent an image(or vector)for which two entangled registers are used to store a vector component and its classical address.Using the representation,n1+n2+8 qubits are used to store the whole information of the gray image that has a 2n1×2n2 size at a superposition of states,a feat is not possible with a classic computer.The way of designing a unitary operation to load data,such as a vector(or image),into the quantum registers of a quantum CPU from electronic memory is defined herein as a quantum loading scheme(QLS).In this paper,the QLS with time complexity O(log2N)is presented where N denotes the number of vector components,a solution that would break through the efciency bottleneck of loading data.QLS would enable a quantum CPU to be compatible with electronic memory and make possible quantum image compression and quantum signal processing that has classical input and output.     

Study on Robot Path Planning Based on an Improved Artificial Potential Field Method

The method of artificial potential field has obvious advantages among the robot path planning methods including simple structure, small amount of calculation and relatively mature in theory. This paper puts forward the ＂Integral method＂ focusing on solving the problem of local minimization. The method analyses the distribution of obstructions in a given environment and regards adjacent obstacles as a whole, By changing the parameters of the repulsive force field, robots can quickly get out of the minimum point and move to the target point. This paper uses the Simurosot platform to carry on the simulation experiment on the improved artificial potential field method, which projects a feasible path successfully and verifies this method.     

A Reconfiguration Trial on the Platform of Allied Information for Wireless Converged Networks

PAl （platform of allied information） promotes persistent innovation and application of the wireless technologies among different institutes, based on open, safe and controllable network architecture. The platform architecture, unified interface, security mechanism, and reconfiguration are designed to achieve the convergence of various wireless experimental resources. In this paper, the reconfiguration mechanism is designed and a reconfiguration trial is implemented based on the PAI, to verify the ability of integrating experimental resources in the related units.     

An improved attack on clock-controlled shift registers based on hardware implementation

We cryptanalyze a type of stream generator with three linear-feedback shift registers that are mutually clocked in a stop/go manner and have the property of sequences of state space convergence. By guessing the clock-controlled sequence and employing a backtracking search, we propose an algorithm attack on the type of stream generator based on hardware implemeatation. In particular, the time complexity of the algorithm attacking the encryption algorithm A5/1 is 243.869 clock periods. With our hardware architecture, we investigate the implementation of the algorithm on field programmable gate array and application-specific integrated circuit for an attack on A5/1. As a result, we can retrieve the initial states of A5/1＇s registers in 2 s on average without pre-computation if we have 64 known key-stream bits.     

Normalized Efficient Routing Protocol for WSN

WSNs （wireless sensor networks） consist of thousands of tiny nodes having the capability of sensing, computation, and wireless communications. Unfortunately these devices are limited energy devices, that is means we must save energy as much as possible, to increase network life time as long as possible. In this paper we introduce NEER--normalized energy efficient routing protocol that increases network life time through switching between AODV protocol that depends on request-reply routing, and MRPC that depends on residual battery in routing.     

Statistical distribution of the convergence time of evolutionaryalgorithms for long-path problems

The behavior of a (1+1)-ES process on Rudolph's binary long k paths is investigated extensively in the asymptotic framework with respect to string length l. First, the case of k=l^α is addressed. For α⩾1/2, we prove that the long k path is a long path for the (1+1)-ES in the sense that the process follows the entire path with no shortcuts, resulting in an exponential expected convergence time. For α<1/2, the expected convergence time is also exponential, but some shortcuts occur in the meantime that speed up the process. Next, in the case of constant k, the statistical distribution of convergence time is calculated, and the influence of population size is investigated for different (μ+λ)-ES. The histogram of the first hitting time of the solution shows an anomalous peak close to zero, which corresponds to an exceptional set of events that speed up the expected convergence time with a factor of l². A direct consequence of this exceptional set is that performing independent (1+1)-ES processes proves to be more advantageous than any population-based (μ+λ)-ES     

Perceptual image quality mutual information assessment metric using of Gabor features

A good objective metric of image quality assessment （IQA） should be consistent with the subjective judgment of human beings. In this paper, a four-stage perceptual approach for full reference IQA is presented. In the first stage, the visual features are extracted by 2-D Gabor filter that has the excellent performance of modeling the receptive fields of simple cells in the primary visual cortex. Then in the second stage, the extracted features are post-processed by the divisive normalization transform to reflect the nonlinear mechanisms in human visual systems. In the third stage, mutual information between the visual features of the reference and distorted images is employed to measure the visual quality. And in the last pooling stage, the mutual information is converted to the final objective quality score. Experimental results show that the proposed metic has a high correlation with the subjective assessment and outperforms other state-of-the-art metrics.     

Data Center as a Key Player of a District Electric Power and Heat Network System： A Comparison in Urban and Suburb Regions

A DC （data center） demands air-conditioning power as large as the 1/3-1/2 of total electricity consumption. Thus, energy saving of cooling power of DC yields considerable effect on both economic and environmental views. PV （Photovoltaic） and absorption refrigerator with CGS （cogeneration systems） or gas boiler are possible power saving options. The waste warm air from DC would be utilized for greenhouse heating when DC and greenhouse locate near in the suburbs. In this study, the authors develop an energy network model to assess the potential contribution of DC as a major electric power and chilled air consumer as well as the warm air supplier in a district to the energy efficiency improvement. The evaporation heat of LNG （liquefied natural gas） utilization is also considered as well as PV, CGS. This model is applied to the cases of the urban area in Tokyo which involves athletic center, shops and hospital and the suburbs including greenhouse and then compared.     

SWVFS： a saliency weighted visual feature similarity metric for image quality assessment

In this paper, a saliency weighted visual feature similarity （SWVFS） metric is proposed for full reference im- age quality assessment （IQA）. Instead of traditional spatial pooling strategies, a visual saliency-based approach is em- ployed for better compliance with properties of the human visual system, where the saliency allocation is closely related to the activity of posterior parietal cortex and the pluvial nu- clei of the thalamus. Assuming that the saliency map actually represents the contribution of locally computed visual distor- tions to the overall image quality, the gradient similarity and the textural congruency are merged into the final image qual- ity indicator. The gradient and texture comparison play com- plementary roles in characterizing the local image distortion. Extensive experiments conducted on seven publicly available image databases show that the performance of SWVFS is competitive with the state-of-the-art IQA algorithms.     

A Fuzzy Inference System for Increasing of Survivability and Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

The nodes of a WSNs （wireless sensors network） are composed of small devices capable of sensing and transmitting data related to some phenomenon in the environment. These devices, named sensor nodes, have severe constraints, such as lower processing and storage capacity, and mainly they have severe constraints related to battery energy. Therefore, the developing of strategies to reduce the power consumption is one of the main challenges in WSNs, and thereby helping to increase the survivability and efficiency of these networks. This paper proposes a new approach to help multi-path routing protocols to choose the best route based on Fuzzy Inference Systems and ACO （ant colony optimization）. The Fuzzy System is used to estimate the degree of the route quality, based on the number of hops and the lowest energy level among the nodes that form the route. The ACO algorithm is used to adjust the rule base of the fuzzy system in order to improve the classification strategy of the route, and hence increasing the energy efficiency and the survivability of the network. The simulations showed that the proposal is effective from the point of view of the energy, the number of received messages, and the cost of received messages when compared against other approaches.     

Geographical Monitoring of Electrical Energy Quality Determination： The Problems of the Sensors

The problem of the electrical energy price, evaluated considering its quality, has been analyzed in this article. The electrical energy quality is directly defined by the customers as an output of a complex procedure which uses as inputs both the power quality technical parameters and the human experience. The procedure shows as the accuracy in the quality definition is strongly related with the accuracy of the sensors used for the power quality measurements, especially regarding their synchronization. An analysis of＂ the synchronization of the sensors placed on a spread territory is also made. A solution for a centralized control of the sensors time course is also suggested.     

The Influence of the Color Model on the Performance of a CBIR System Based on Color Moments

In this paper, we evaluate the influence of color models on the performance of a CBIR system based on color moments signature. The color models considered are： RGB （red, green, blue）, HSV （hue, saturation, value） and the mixture RGB-HSV. We specifically investigate also the effect of the moment＇s degree （0： mean, 1： variance, 2： skewness） and their conjunction on the system relevance. Practically, many scenarios have been checked： three, six, nine, twelve and eighteen values extracted from moments over the three color models. For the evaluation, we use the precision recall curves on the Wang database. We also employ the utility concept in the evaluation of the ranking quality of the returned images. Results show that the combination （RGB-HSV, mean） is the best configuration. In addition, results show also that the mean （three values） is the best signature regardless of the color space and the HSV color model is the best regardless of the number of values to consider.     

Modern Electrical Power Source on New System of Dissipation and Renewable Energies Sources

This paper presents some solutions of modem renewable energy system applied actually in dissipation energy source： wind turbine, solar panel battery charge, SSS （support set system）, and standby diesel generator cooperated in series, parallel and hybrid system with main energy system. Its solution enable obtain independent individual energy source in different work exploitations. One of problems concerned with alternative energy source is changes of output voltages and output power dependence of climatic conditions. Possible solution is application of decoupled adjustable speed generation system in renewable energy generation. The decoupled generation system consists of： alternative energy source, internal combustion engine drives permanent magnet generator and DC/AC, or AC/AC converter. Performance of single decoupled generation set is discussed supported by results of laboratory tests. To provide high quality voltage is applied an additional energy storage, made from super capacitor and bidirectional DC/DC convert. Such system performs very stiff voltage in any load condition. Integration of solar battery panels or renewable wind energy system is provided via DC link of the variable speed decoupled autonomous generation system. Results of computer simulation and laboratory experiments are presented in the paper.     

Recommendation algorithm based on item quality and user rating preferences

Recommender systems are one of the most im- portant technologies in e-commerce to help users filter out the overload of information. However, current mainstream recommendation algorithms, such as the collaborative filter- ing CF family, have problems ness. These problems hinder such as scalability and sparse- further developments of rec- ommender systems. We propose a new recommendation al- gorithm based on item quality and user rating preferences, which can significantly decrease the computing complexity. Besides, it is interpretable and works better when the data is sparse. Through extensive experiments on three benchmark data sets, we show that our algorithm achieves higher accu- racy in rating prediction compared with the traditional ap- proaches. Furthermore, the results also demonstrate that the problem of rating prediction depends strongly on item quality and user rating preferences, thus opens new paths for further study.     

基于蚁群优化的无线传感器网络QoS路由

无线传感器网络QoS路由寻优问题是NP类问题,在寻找最优路径时,除了要满足时延、抖动、丢包率等约束条件,还要考虑路径的能量均衡。采用优化的蚁群算法求解该问题,将这些约束条件综合为适应度函数的参数,通过计算适应度值,找到最优路径。仿真结果表明,算法具有较快的收敛速度,能够搜索到时延最小和能量较均衡的路径,并尽量避免陷入局部最优解。     

Performance Evaluation of Antenna Receive Diversity in SlMO-OFDM System over Rayleigh Fading Channel

This paper represents a comparative performance evaluation of different diversity combining techniques for a SIMO-OFDM （single-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing） system over Rayleigh fading channel. OFDM is a key technique for achieving high data rates and spectral efficiency requirements for wireless communication systems. But in scattering environment, the system performances are severely degraded by the effects of multipath fading and inter-symbol interference. In wireless communication systems, antenna diversity is an important technique to combat multipath fading in order to improve the system performance and increase the channel capacity. In this paper, the performance of different diversity combining techniques-SC （selection combining）, EGC （equal gain combining） and MRC （maximal ratio combining） has been analyzed and compared in terms of SNR （signal to noise ratio） and BER （bit error rate） probability. The simulation results show that the maximal ratio combining technique provides maximum performance improvement relative to all other combining schemes by maximizing the SNR of SIMO-OFDM system at the combiner output. The analytic expressions of error probability and effective bit energy to noise ratio correlated with BPSK （binary phase shift keying） modulation have been derived and formulated for N-branch SC, EGC and MRC schemes. The BER characteristics for all three combining techniques are simulated in MATLAB （matrix laboratory） tool box for varying bit energy to noise ratio. Our results also derives that SNR can be improved if the number of receiving antenna is increased, which in turn reduces BER over a Rayleigh fading channel.