基于自适应混沌策略的PSO在吹膜机温度调控中的应用

采用改进型的二自由度PID控制器进行温度控制,并提出一种含有早熟收敛判断机制且加入自适应混沌策略的改进型粒子群算法,用于二自由度PID控制器的参数自整定。仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的控制效果及鲁棒性,适用于吹膜机温度控制系统复杂多变的生产环境。     

基于Markov参数整定的自适应迭代学习PID控制

针对半间歇反应过程参数时变问题,研究基于Markov参数整定的单神经元自适应迭代学习PID控制方法。首先建立二维迭代学习PID控制器(2D-ILC-PID),采用Markov参数法离线整定控制器的参数初值;然后在批次内采用单神经元自适应调节机制在线调节2D-ILC-PID控制器参数,同时利用批次间的重复特性更新控制输入提高迭代学习速率,有效提升控制系统跟踪性能。最后在环己胺制备反应过程进行仿真实验验证,实验结果表明提出的基于Markov参数整定的自适应迭代学习控制方法能够实现多时段反应器温度的精确跟踪。     

锦纶聚合釜温度模糊自适应PID控制系统研究与仿真

锦纶聚合釜温度具有非线性、大滞后等特点,使用传统PID控制器的控制效果不够理想。在建立聚合釜温度数学模型的基础上,采用模糊算法与PID控制相结合的模糊自适应PID控制算法,实现PID参数自整定,提高控制精度。基于MATLAB平台构建釜温控制系统模型,仿真结果表明所提模糊自适应PID控制算法效果优于传统PID控制。     

时滞系统的双自由度Smith模糊PID控制器设计与仿真

针对大时滞系统采用Smith模糊PID算法控制,在控制器的输入端加入给定双自由度调节参数,有效地减小系统动态响应的最大超调量和调节时间,增强系统的抗干扰能力。通过改进模糊PID控制器结构解决控制器参数耦合的问题,降低了参数整定的难度。仿真研究验证所设计算法的有效性。     

基于改进VRFT算法的PID控制器参数整定

分析虚拟参考反馈参数整定（VRFT）设计方法和内模控制（IMC）方法的内在关系,提出一种改进的VRFT—PID参数整定方法。该方法的基本思想是将运行一段时间的过程输入输出数据添加到原始数据序列中,用来更新传统VRFT设计方法中的离线数据。然后利用VRFT使性能指标最小时的参数即为控制器参数的设计思想来整定PID控制器。仿真结果表明,改进的VRFT-PID整定方法优于传统的VRFT-PID方法。     

BP神经网络PID控制器在聚合釜温控中的应用

介绍了基于BP神经网络PID控制器的算法,在此基础上提出了多模态神经网络-PID方法。将神经网络PID与普通PID控制方法进行比较,结果表明,该方法具有自适应能力强、过渡时间短、鲁棒性好等特点,弥补了常规PID在聚合釜控制中参数难以整定等缺点。     

基于系统辨识的PID参数自整定算法在合成氨装置中的应用

从中石化湖北化肥分公司合成氨装置DCS系统中PID参数整定的实际出发,介绍了几种国内外PID参数自整定方法,分析它们的优缺点及存在的问题,提出一种新的基于系统辨识的PID参数自整定算法.论述基于VB的PID参数自整定软件开发,给出PID参数自整定程序设计界面.将这种PID自整定算法在中石化湖北化肥分公司DCS系统中进行应用实验,得出PID参数自整定前后PV趋势对比图,从而验证这种PID自整定算法的可行性.     

PID控制器设计与参数整定方法综述

简要介绍了PID控制器的发展历程,综述PID控制器的设计与参数整定方法及其近期研究成果,并讨论了继电反馈方法的改进与扩展方法。通过分析PID控制器面临的问题与挑战,对PID控制器的发展进行了展望。     

基于神经网络的非线性时变对象自适应控制方法研究

针对工业控制中的非线性、时变和滞后被控对象,将神经网络辨识器和PID控制技术有机结合,构建自适应PID控制器,并引入知识先导学习算法,提高时间效率。仿真分析表明:该自适应PID控制器能够自动辨识被控对象模型、自整定控制参数,在辨识误差、响应时间及超调量等指标上均有良好表现。     

PID过程控制及其参数整定策略浅析

PID控制方法在自动化过程控制中有着广泛的应用。本文在论述PID控制器原理、控制算法的基础上,重点分析了控制器参数的整定问题,给出了参数整定的有效方法,并介绍了参数自整定的基本实施方法及其研究应用情况。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。