Semantic service provisioning for smart objects: Integrating IoT applications into the web

Internet of Things (IoT) applications residing on the Web are the next logical development of the recent effort from academia and industry to design and standardize new communication protocols for smart objects. This paper proposes the service provisioning architecture for smart objects with semantic annotation to enables the integration of IoT applications into the Web. We aim to bring smart object services to the Web and make them accessible by plenty of existing Web APIs in consideration of its constraints such as limited resources (ROM, RAM, and CPU), low-power microcontrollers, and low-bitrate communication links.     

浅谈高职院校智慧校园建设规划思路

近年来,随着云计算、物联网等技术的快速发展,智慧城市的概念已经深入人心,智慧校园作为智慧城市中的 重要一环,在智慧城市建设中被屡屡提及,而职业院校的智慧校园设计更是其中的重中之重。本文以广东建设职业技术学院 新校区智慧校园规划为例,以实际项目规划为基础对职业院校的智慧校园建设规划思路进行详细论述。     

A survey of data fusion in smart city applications

The advancement of various research sectors such as Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning, Data Mining, Big Data, and Communication Technology has shed some light in transforming an urban city integrating the aforementioned techniques to a commonly known term - Smart City. With the emergence of smart city, plethora of data sources have been made available for wide variety of applications. The common technique for handling multiple data sources is data fusion, where it improves data output quality or extracts knowledge from the raw data. In order to cater evergrowing highly complicated applications, studies in smart city have to utilize data from various sources and evaluate their performance based on multiple aspects. To this end, we introduce a multi-perspectives classification of the data fusion to evaluate the smart city applications. Moreover, we applied the proposed multi-perspectives classification to evaluate selected applications in each domain of the smart city. We conclude the paper by discussing potential future direction and challenges of data fusion integration.     

物联网无线协议安全综述

近些年来,随着物联网的快速发展,其应用场景涵盖智慧家庭、智慧城市、智慧医疗、智慧工业以及智慧农业。相比于传统的以太网,物联网能够将各种传感设备与网络结合起来,实现人、电脑和物体的互联互通。形式多样的物联网协议是实现物联网设备互联互通的关键,物联网协议拥有不同的协议栈,这使得物联网协议往往能表现出不同的特性。目前应用较广的物联网协议有ZigBee、BLE、Wi-Fi、LoRa、RFID等,这些协议能根据自身特性的不同应用在不同领域,比如说LoRa被广泛应用于低功耗广域网、RFID被用于设备识别。然而,由于物联网端设备只拥有受限的计算和存储资源,无法在其上实施完备的安全算法,许多物联网协议会在功耗和安全性之间进行取舍,使得物联网协议的安全性得不到保障。物联网协议的安全性直接关系到物联网系统的安全性,所以有必要对物联网协议的安全性进行分析。本文阐述常见的几种物联网协议所具备的安全能力,包括物联网协议在保护机密性、完整性以及身份认证上所制定的规则。然后从常见的无线协议攻击出发,包括窃听攻击、重放攻击、电池耗尽以及射频干扰,分析了这几种协议在面对这些攻击时的表现。除此之外,我们比较了常见的几种物...     

物联网安全测评技术综述

近年来,物联网大规模应用于智能制造、智能家居、智慧医疗等产业,物联网的安全问题日益突出,给物联网的发展带来了前所未有的挑战。安全测评技术是保障物联网安全的重要手段,在物联网应用的整个开发生命周期都需要进行安全测评工作,以保证物联网服务的安全性和健壮性。物联网节点面临计算能力、体积和功耗受限等挑战,智慧城市等应用场景提出了大规模泛在异构连接和复杂跨域的需求。本文首先总结了目前物联网中常用的安全测评方法和风险管理技术;然后从绿色、智能和开放三个方面分析物联网安全技术的发展现状和存在的安全问题,并总结了物联网安全测评面临的挑战以及未来的研究方向。     

论智慧轨道交通及其系统架构

提倡用“智慧轨道交通”来描述未来的“高效、便捷、安全、可视、可预测、环保和智慧”的现代轨道交通行业和宏观系统的发展远景视图,并提出了一个“智慧轨道交通系统架构”。该架构以“智慧轨道交通智能化地面基础设施”（SRT-IGI）和智慧列车为基础实现更透彻的感知;以“轨道交通全联网”(SRT-IoT)作为信息交换与共享平台实现更广泛的互联互通;以“与人类融合智慧管理、决策与指挥”（HCA-IMDC）应用系统为顶层结构。三部分组成结构及分布其中的“智能化”功能共同实现整个交通行业的“智慧化”。同时分别对三部分的技术内涵作了进一步的探讨。鉴于笔者尚未发现从信息技术（IT）角度全面探讨“智慧轨道交通”的文献,所以希望本框架的提出能够为从信息技术（IT）角度全面研究智慧轨道交通提供参考,进一步推动智慧轨道交通在技术上的跨越式发展,使我国轨道交通以“更透彻的感知、更广泛的互联互通、更深入的智能化处理能力”的雄姿,为国家经济建设发展和人性化地为人民服务。     

Analysis and assessment of a knowledge based smart city architecture providing service APIs

The main technical issues regarding smart city solutions are related to data gathering, aggregation, reasoning, data analytics, access, and service delivering via Smart City APIs (Application Program Interfaces). Different kinds of Smart City APIs enable smart city services and applications, while their effectiveness depends on the architectural solutions to pass from data to services for city users and operators, exploiting data analytics, and presenting services via APIs.Therefore, there is a strong activity on defining smart city architectures to cope with this complexity, putting in place a significant range of different kinds of services and processes. In this paper, the work performed in the context of Sii-Mobility smart city project on defining a smart city architecture addressing a wide range of processes and data is presented. To this end, comparisons of the state of the art solutions of smart city architectures for data aggregation and for Smart City API are presented by putting in evidence the usage semantic ontologies and knowledge base in the data aggregation in the production of smart services. The solution proposed aggregate and re-conciliate data (open and private, static and real time) by using reasoning/smart algorithms for enabling sophisticated service delivering via Smart City API. The work presented has been developed in the context of the Sii-Mobility national smart city project on mobility and transport integrated with smart city services with the aim of reaching a more sustainable mobility and transport systems. Sii-Mobility is grounded on Km4City ontology and tools for smart city data aggregation, analytics support and service production exploiting smart city API. To this end, Sii-Mobility/Km4City APIs have been compared to the state of the art solutions. Moreover, the proposed architecture has been assessed in terms of performance, computational and network costs in terms of measures that can be easily performed on private cloud on premise. The computational costs and workloads of the data ingestion and data analytics processes have been assessed to identify suitable measures to estimate needed resources. Finally, the API consumption related data in the recent period are presented.     

Elastic Smart Contracts in Blockchains

In this paper, we deal with questions related to blockchains in complex Internet of Things (IoT)-based ecosystems. Such ecosystems are typically composed of IoT devices, edge devices, cloud computing software services, as well as people, who are decision makers in scenarios such as smart cities. Many decisions related to analytics can be based on data coming from IoT sensors, software services, and people. However, they are typically based on different levels of abstraction and granularity. This poses a number of challenges when multiple blockchains are used together with smart contracts. This work proposes to apply our concept of elasticity to smart contracts and thereby enabling analytics in and between multiple blockchains in the context of IoT. We propose a reference architecture for Elastic Smart Contracts and evaluate the approach in a smart city scenario, discussing the benefits in terms of performance and self-adaptability of our solution.      

一种物联网智能家居系统的研究

智能家居是物联网的一个重要应用领域.针对智能家居的应用需求和特点,设计了一种基于B/S架构的智能家居管理系统.该系统采用ZigBee无线网络实现对各类家居设备的信息采集和指令控制,并通过家庭网关与基于SQL Sever 2005数据库管理系统的数据库服务器进行实时数据交互.在Web站点服务器中搭建应用ASP.NET技术的Web站点,采用ADO.NET技术与数据库服务器进行数据交互.用户可通过Web浏览器访问上述Web站点,实现对智能家居系统的应用.     

The Neural Knowledge DNA Based Smart Internet of Things

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant attention from industry as well as academia during the past decade. Smartness, however, remains a substantial challenge for IoT applications. Recent advances in networked sensor technologies, computing, and machine learning have made it possible for building new smart IoT applications. In this paper, we propose a novel approach: the Neural Knowledge DNA based Smart Internet of Things that enables IoT to extract knowledge from past experiences, as well as to store, evolve, share, and reuse such knowledge aiming for smart functions. By catching decision events, this approach helps IoT gather its own daily operation experiences, and it uses such experiences for knowledge discovery with the support of machine learning technologies. An initial case study is presented at the end of this paper to demonstrate how this approach can help IoT applications become smart: the proposed approach is applied to fitness wristbands to enable human action recognition.     

面向移动互联网的智能家居系统研究

智能家居是未来家居的发展方向;3G时代的到来和移动互联网的快速发展,为智能家居远程控制和应用构建了高速的通信平台;面向移动互联网构建智能家居系统是物联网大潮下智能家居发展的一个制高点;首先对目前智能家居系统的主要联网技术标准进行了研究,提出了采用家庭控制软总线的多协议适配机制解决智能家居系统多标准多底层通信平台的融合问题;家庭控制软总线同时提供了智能家庭应用与移动互联网之间的高速通信接口;基于家庭控制软总线,给出了面向移动互联网的智能家居系统组网方案,并描述了方案中主要模块的实现方法;该方案相对于传统技术有两个显著的特点:基于移动网络的高速远程智能家庭应用和多平台无缝集成。     

物联网智能生态康养环境监控系统的研究设计

随着物联网技术的不断发展,智能家居如今已经开始深入到人们生活;针对智能家居中的智能生态康养环境监控问题,对物联网智能生态康养环境监控系统进行了研究,包括系统模型的构建、系统软件的设计、通信指令的智能化调度等;通过研制控制电路板,集成负氧离子、温度、湿度、甲醛、PM2.5、语音等传感器,采集室内各种环境参数信息,采用智能控制方式,通过无线Wi-Fi节点,对室内负氧离子发生器、水暖、电暖、加湿器、空气净化器等设备进行控制,从而调节室内负氧离子、温度、湿度、甲醛、PM2.5等环境参数,达到优质的居住环境和良好的疗养要求;通过研究探索一种物联网智能生态康养环境监控系统的设计方法,经过实验表明该设计是可行的。     

Internet of Things in Healthcare: Architecture,Applications, Challenges,and Solutions

Healthcare, the largest global industry, is undergoing significant transformations with the genesis of a new technology known as the Internet of Things (IoT). Many healthcare leaders are investing more money for transforming their services to harness the benefits provided by IoT, thereby paving the way for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), an extensive collection of medical sensors and associated infrastructure. IoMT has many benefits like providing remote healthcare by monitoring health vitals of patients at a distant place, providing healthcare services to elderly people, and monitoring a large group of people in a region or country for detection and prevention of epidemics. This paper provides a review of IoT in the healthcare domain by first describing the enabling technologies for delivering smart healthcare, followed by some of the key applications of IoT in healthcare. Next, a fog-based architecture consisting of three layers for IoT-based healthcare applications is proposed. Finally, we focus on some of the open challenges of IoT in healthcare, like fault tolerance, interoperability, latency, energy efficiency, and availability. Existing solutions for these challenges are also discussed.     

Adaptive and context-aware service composition for IoT-based smart cities

Smart Cities are advancing towards an instrumented, integrated, and intelligent living space, where Internet of Things (IoT), mobile technologies and next generation networks are expected to play a key role. In smart cities, numerous IoT-based services are likely to be available and a key challenge is to allow mobile users perform their daily tasks dynamically, by integrating the services available in their vicinity. Semantic Service Oriented Architectures (SSOA) abstract the environment’s services and their functionalities as Semantic Web Services (SWS). However, existing service composition approaches based on SSOA do not support dynamic reasoning on user tasks and service behaviours to deal with the heterogeneity of IoT domains. In this paper, we present an adaptive service composition framework that supports such dynamic reasoning. The framework is based on wEASEL, an abstract service model representing services and user tasks in terms of their signature, specification (i.e., context-aware pre-conditions, post-conditions and effects) and conversation (i.e., behaviour with related data-flow and context-flow constraints). To evaluate our composition framework, we develop a novel OWLS-TC4-based testbed by combining simple and composite services. The evaluation shows that our wEASEL-based system performs more accurate composition and allows end-users to discover and investigate more composition opportunities than other approaches.     

物联网情景感知技术研究

与互联网不同,物联网(Internet of Things, IoT)通过各类通信技术将具有标识、感知或者执行能力的物理实体互联,形成了“物物互连”的虚拟网络。随着计算机及通信技术的迅速发展,计算资源将通布人们周围的环境,情景感知技术应运而生。情景感知获得传感器采集的情景信息以后,对信息进行智能处理,自主地为用户提供服务。物联网具有海量信息的特性,传统的情景信息处理方法已不再适用。对物联网情景感知技术进行了详细的介绍,首先给出情景和情景感知的概念及其研究发展和应用。然后,结合物联网特性,以情景感知流程为主线,探讨了信息获取、建模和智能处理等内容。最后,系统结构是情景感知的关键,因此对现有的系统结构进行了分析和对比,结合物联网环境论述了当前情景感知系统的不足之处,并给出了情景感知系统的参考结构。     

Towards a data‐driven IoT software architecture for smart city utilities

The Internet of things (IoT) is emerging as the next big wave of digital presence for billions of devices on the Internet. Smart cities are a practical manifestation of IoT, with the goal of efficient, reliable, and safe delivery of city utilities like water, power, and transport to residents, through their intelligent management. A data‐driven IoT software platform is essential for realizing manageable and sustainable smart utilities and for novel applications to be developed upon them. Here, we propose such service‐oriented software architecture to address 2 key operational activities in a smart utility: the IoT fabric for resource management and the data and application platform for decision‐making. Our design uses Open Web standards and evolving network protocols, cloud and edge resources, and streaming big data platforms. We motivate our design requirements using the smart water management domain; some of these requirements are unique to developing nations. We also validate the architecture within a campus‐scale IoT testbed at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and present our experiences. Our architecture is scalable to a township or city while also generalizable to other smart utility domains. Our experiences serve as a template for other similar efforts, particularly in emerging markets and highlight the gaps and opportunities for a data‐driven IoT software architecture for smart cities.     

An edge-based platform for dynamic Smart City applications

A Smart City is a cyber–physical system improving urban behavior and capabilities by providing ICT-based functionalities. An infrastructure for Smart City has to be geographically and functionally extensible, as it requires both to grow up with the physical environment and to meet the increasing in needs and demands of city users/inhabitants. In this paper, we propose iSapiens, an IoT-based platform for the development of general cyber–physical systems suitable for the design and implementation of smart city services and applications. As distinguishing features, the iSapiens platform implements the edge computing paradigm through both the exploitation of the agent metaphor and a distributed network of computing nodes directly scattered in the urban environment. The platform promotes the dynamic deployment of new computing nodes as well as software agents for addressing geographical and functional extensibility. iSapiens provides a set of abstractions suitable to hide the heterogeneity of the physical sensing/actuator devices embedded in the system, and to support the development of complex applications. The paper also furnishes a set of methodological guidelines exploitable for the design and implementation of smart city applications by properly using iSapiens. As a significant case study, the design and implementation of a real Smart Street in the city of Cosenza (Italy) are shown, which provides decentralized urban intelligence services to citizens.     

Middleware for Internet of Things: Survey and Challenges

The Internet of things (IoT) applications span many potential fields. Furthermore, smart homes, smart cities, smart vehicular networks, and healthcare are very attractive and intelligent applications. In most of these applications, the system consists of smart objects that are equipped by sensors and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and may rely on other technological computing and paradigm solutions such as M2M (machine to machine) computing, Wifi, Wimax, LTE, cloud computing, etc. Thus, the IoT vision foresees that we can shift from traditional sensor networks to pervasive systems, which deliver intelligent automation by running services on objects. Actually, a significant attention has been given to designing a middleware that supports many features; heterogeneity, mobility, scalability, multiplicity, and security. This papers reviews the-state-of-the-art techniques for IoT middleware systems and reveals an interesting classification for these systems into service and agent-oriented systems. Therefore two visions have emerged to provide the IoT middleware systems: Via designing the middleware for IoT system as an eco-system of services or as an eco-system of agents. The most common feature of the two approaches is the ability to overcome heterogeneity issues. However, the agent approach provides context awareness and intelligent elements. The review presented in this paper includes a detailed comparison between the IoT middleware approaches. The paper also explores challenges that form directions for future research on IoT middleware systems. Some of the challenges arise, because some crucial features are not provided (or at most partially provided) by the existing middleware systems, while others have not been yet tackled by current research in IoT.     

Philosophical Dimensions of Information and Ethics in the Internet of Things (IoT) Technology

This article discusses the various dimensions of philosophy of information for the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The aspects of attention, subjectivity, objectivity, happiness, key ethical concerns, and the need for algorithmic transparency and accountability in autonomous IoT applications that are necessary to build an IoT belief system have been highlighted here. The interplay of smart devices, smart services, and humans has been depicted to highlight trust permeability in human and IoT interfaces.     

An agent-based hybrid service delivery for coordinating internet of things and 3rd party service providers

When smart embedded devices become widely used in business and industry, many applications and services will emerge in a new Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. This will initiate new business opportunities in providing these novel applications and services, which integrate efficiently IoT services into business applications. Because IoT takes the reference scenarios further in terms of scale and features offered, it requires the development of suitable, scalable and available service delivery platforms that permit multiple services to coexist between IoT and 3rd party service providers. However, service delivery over IoT infrastructures is a difficult challenge that requires specific new architecture and mechanisms. This paper proposes a system architecture of hybrid service delivery that enables 3rd party service providers to create, deploy, execute, orchestrate, and manage efficiently the running instances of IoT services. In particular, this work focuses on the design and implementation of: agent-based hybrid service exposure, a hybrid service ontology engine crawler, a service enablers container, service-oriented agent lifecycle management, and an agent-mediated service lifecycle coordinator for messages dispatching and transformation between hybrid service exposure and the service enablers container. More specifically, with smart home scenarios, experimental results show that agent-based service delivery approaches could successfully coordinate between IoT and 3rd party service providers.