大豆生理活性肽的研究(Ⅱ)--抗氧化性和ACE抑制活性的初步研究

采用AS1.398和Alcalase两种蛋白酶,制备了水解度为10%～24%的大豆多肽,对其抗氧化性、ACE抑制活性和相对分子质量的分布进行了研究,结果表明采用AS1.398酶水解的DH为12%的产品抗氧化活性最高,添加量为6 mg/mL时使亚油酸的氧化诱导期延长2.92倍,其相对分子质量分布在1 000以上的组分较多;采用Alcalase酶水解的DH为14%的大豆多肽产品,ACE抑制活性最高,IC50为0.144 mg/mL,其相对分子质量分布大多在200～600之间.     

中华牛肝菌多糖的性质及抗氧化活性

中华牛肝菌经热水抽提、乙醇分级沉淀制备多糖(BSP80),测定BSP80的平均分子量大小、单糖组成及其抗氧化活性。结果显示,BSP80的主要平均分子量为53.73 ku,并含有少量4 ku的组分;BSP80主要含有半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖,并含有一定量的半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸,阿拉伯糖未检出。BSP80具有较好的还原能力和清除羟自由基能力,其中清除羟自由基的IC50为398.21μg/m L。此外,BSP80能够显著降低H2O2诱导的Hep G2细胞内ROS含量,同时提升细胞内SOD酶活性,且呈一定剂量关系。      

大海马ACE抑制肽制备及其抗氧化能力的测定

为了从大海马蛋白中制备出ACE抑制肽及分析肽的抗氧化能力,本文通过比较小分子肽与ACE间的关系对蛋白酶进行了选择,筛选出木瓜蛋白酶作为海马蛋白的水解酶。然后,在单因素实验基础上采用响应面法对木瓜蛋白酶制备ACE抑制肽的关键参数进行了优化,结果为酶底比（E/S）为5%、时间7.5 h、p H7.7、温度59℃,测得其水解度为20.41%±0.12%,ACEIPs的IC₅₀值为1.897±0.072 mg/m L。经Sephadex G-15分离纯化后,得到五个组分,其中第三个组分（PH-I3）、第4个组分（PH-I4）和第5个组分（PH-I5）的活性最好,IC₅₀分别为0.896、0.982、0.814 mg/m L;并对这五个组分进行了抗氧化实验,各组分均能显著的清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基,具备与Fe2+的螯合能力。所以,由PH-I制备的ACE抑制肽同时具有降血压和抗氧化的功能,在功能性食品开发中具有重要的意义。      

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidative activities and functional characterization of protein hydrolysates of hard-to-cook chickpeas

BACKGROUND: The potential use of hard‐to‐cook (hardened) chickpeas to obtain value‐added functional food ingredients was evaluated. For that purpose, some nutraceutical and functional attributes of several chickpea protein hydrolysates (CPHs) prepared from both fresh and hard‐to‐cook grains were evaluated. RESULTS: All the CPHs prepared from both fresh and hard‐to‐cook grains, with the enzymes alcalase, pancreatin and papain, showed high angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE‐I) activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.101 to 37.33 µg mL^?1; similarly, high levels of antioxidant activity (around 18.17–95.61 µmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity µg^?1 CPH) were obtained through both the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) methods. Regarding functional characterization of the CPHs, oil absorption values ranged from 1.91 to 2.20 mL oil g^?1 CPH, with water solubility almost 100% from pH 7 to 10. CONCLUSION: The high antioxidant and ACE‐I activities as well as the good functional properties of the CPH prepared from both fresh and hard‐to‐cook grains, suggest its use in food formulations with value added in human health. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

海蜇胶原蛋白肽的生物活性研究

以海蜇加工下脚料为原料提取胶原蛋白,酶解制备胶原蛋白肽并对酶解液进行抽滤分离,并对所得不同分子量的胶原蛋白肽进行生物活性研究。结果表明:抽滤分离到四种不同分子量的胶原蛋白肽:分子量>10 kDa(JCP1)、分子量3~10 kDa(JCP2)、分子量1~3 kDa(JCP3)和<1 kDa(JCP4)。生物活性研究表明,JCP1具有最强的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和酪氨酸酶双酚酶抑制效果,其IC₅₀值分别为22.6和11.96 mg/mL,JCP1对酪氨酸酶的抑制类型为可逆混合竞争型抑制;JCP3具有最强的还原力、羟自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除能力和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制活性,其IC₅₀值分别为14.9、2.21、0.61和15.8 mg/mL;JCP4具有最强的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力,其IC₅₀值为28.3 mg/mL。     

大米蛋白肽的制备与ACE抑制活性分析

通过优化大米蛋白的单酶酶解与双酶酶解工艺,确定了采用碱性蛋白酶加蛋白酶B复合酶解制备大米蛋白肽的工艺.蛋白回收率高达43.9％,制备的大米蛋白肽感官评价高、苦味低、分子质量小.对比市售的大豆蛋白肽、鱼胶原蛋白肽,3种蛋白肽的水分含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量基本接近.大米蛋白肽与大豆蛋白肽中分子质量<2000 Da的总比例...     

Antioxidative and ACE inhibitory activities in enzymatic hydrolysates of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis

The larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, were used as a source of food proteins exerting possible biological activities. A simulated gastrointestinal digestion (IC₅₀ = 320 μg/ml) and digestion by mucosal enzymes (IC₅₀ = 211 μg/ml) reveals a significantly higher in vitro ACE inhibitory activity compared to hydrolysis using thermolysin (IC₅₀ = 1392 μg/ml) and alcalase (IC₅₀ = 827 μg/ml) as pretreatment. This indicates that the choice of enzymes to generate ACE inhibitory peptides is important. All hydrolysates were also tested for antioxidant activity using two tests: a radical scavenging test using DPPH and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and they showed a similar antioxidant activity which was relatively low compared to the standard antioxidants BHT and vitamin C. As a conclusion, the data obtained suggest that insect protein can be used to generate hydrolysates, exerting both ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activity, which might be incorporated as multifunctional ingredient into functional foods.     

Influence of degree of hydrolysis on functional properties,antioxidant activity and ACE inhibitory activity of peanut protein hydrolysate

Functional properties, antioxidant and Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of peanut protein isolate (PPI) and peanut protein hydrolysate (PPH) prepared using Alcalase, at different (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) degrees of hydrolysis, (DH) were investigated. Hydrolysis (at DH > 10%) significantly (p < 0.05) improved the solubility (>80%) of PPI, especially in the pH range of 4–6. However, PPI showed better emulsifying and foaming properties than PPH (p < 0.05). As DH increased, ferrous ion chelating activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and ACE inhibitory activity of PPH increased, while reducing power decreased (p < 0.05). Bleaching of beta-carotene by linoleic acid was suppressed better by PPI and PPH at 10% DH than of PPH at higher DH. Thus, the results reveal that DH affects functional properties, antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of peanut protein.     

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of egg protein hydrolysates produced with gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal enzymes

Egg is a well-known rich source of bioactive peptides. In this study, egg protein (egg white and egg yolk proteins) hydrolysates were produced with gastrointestinal enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin) or nongastrointestinal enzymes (thermolysin and alcalase), and fractionated by ultrafiltration and cation exchange chromatography. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities, amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution were studied, and the physicochemical properties were related with the bioactivities. Our results showed that egg protein hydrolysates produced with non-GI enzymes (thermolysin and alcalase) showed significantly higher ACE inhibitory activity, whereas similar or even lower antioxidative activities, than those of hydrolysates produced with GI enzymes. ACE-inhibitory activity significantly correlated with the amino acid composition, especially the proportion of positively charged amino acid, whereas antioxidant activities correlated with the proportion of low molecular weight peptides under 500 Da. Understanding the relationship between the bioactivities and physicochemical properties of the hydrolysates/fractions is important to facilitate the development technologies for preparing fractions with improved bioactivities.     

Grass carp peptides hydrolysed by the combination of Alcalase and Neutrase: Angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity,antioxidant activities and physicochemical profiles

In this study, grass carp peptides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of grass carp protein using the combination of Alcalase and Neutrase, and angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro, antihypertensive activity in vivo, antioxidant activities, and physicochemical properties of peptides achieved from grass carp protein were characterised after ultrafiltration and desalted processes using mixed ion exchange resins. The purified peptides exhibited strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 105 μg mL^?1), antihypertensive activity with the maximal drop for systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 43 mmHg at a dosage of 100 mg per kg body weight in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and antioxidant activities indicated by thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance values in a liposome‐oxidising system, radical‐scavenging activity and chelation of metal ions (Fe²⁺). The molecular weight of peptides was <1000 Da. Compared to grass carp protein, the peptides separated from enzymatic hydrolysates possessed similar amino acid compositions, but contained higher concentrations of essential amino acids. Moreover, the peptides exhibited excellent solubility at a wide range of pH values from 2 to 10, and lower apparent viscosity than the protein. The peptides separated from enzymatic hydrolysates might be used as a promising ingredient in antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals.     

Purification and characterisation of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysate of ovotransferrin

Three novel peptides, IQW, IRW and LKP, were predicted in our previous study in the thermolysin–pepsin ovotransferrin hydrolysate. The aims of the present study were to purify the peptides, and determine if the predicted peptides purified from the hydrolysate would have the same activity as the synthetic ones. We also determined the stability of the peptides under simulated gastrointestinal condition. IQW, IRW and LKP were then successfully purified from crude ovotransferrin hydrolysate through multi-step chromatographic purification comprising of cation exchange chromatography followed by three-step reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and their sequences were analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. Our results showed that their activities were comparable to the synthetic ones. Simulated gastrointestinal incubation showed that IRW was degraded into a dipeptide of IR and a free amino acid of W by pancreatin, LKP was degraded into a dipeptide of KP and a free amino acid of L by mucosal peptidase, while IQW was stable against the digestive enzymes.     

瘤背石磺活性多肽制备工艺优化及其抗氧化性探究

以瘤背石磺为原料,采用响应面法优化瘤背石磺活性多肽的制备工艺,考察Na Cl浓度、液固比、温度和提取时间对羟基自由基清除率的影响。结果表明:最优提取条件为Na Cl浓度0.09%,液固比57 m L/g,提取时间2.5 h,在此条件下羟基自由基清除率最大,预测值为33.09%,实测值为33.34%,实测值与预测值相接近,且相对误差只有0.76%,表明响应面法得到的最佳提取条件合理可行。天然活性多肽体外抗氧化活性实验结果表明:其对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、H2O2有较好清除能力,还具有一定还原能力以及亚铁离子螯合能力。总体而言,瘤背石磺天然活性多肽表现出一定的体外抗氧化活性,具有良好的开发前景。      

超声波辅助酶解对玉米醇溶蛋白酶解产物抗氧化及ACE抑制活性的影响

作为玉米加工的副产物,玉米醇溶蛋白可以在酶的作用下形成具备生物活性的多肽物质,应用于药物的生产加工过程.而常规的酶解工艺存在酶的利用率低下、产物转化率低、耗费时间长等缺陷,本文研究了超声波辅助酶解对玉米醇溶蛋白酶解产物抗氧化及ACE抑制活性的影响.研究结果表明,超声功率为200W,超声时间为40min,料液比为1 ∶1...