椰蓉膳食纤维对面包品质的影响

用椰蓉膳食纤维替代部分面粉进行面团发酵后制作面包,研究椰蓉膳食纤维对面团发酵体积及面包品质的影响。结果表明,添加椰蓉膳食纤维后,面团发酵体积较空白组有所减少,但在发酵后期两者的差异逐渐减少,120 min时添加1%的IDF和SDF面团体积分别为93.50 mL和102.25 mL,略低于空白面团的104.25 mL。另外,膳食纤维添加量1%时,面包的感官品质、质构特性和内部微观结构的改善效果最为明显,面包的柔软程度、口感和咀嚼性均有所提升。研究结果可为椰蓉的精深加工提供依据和参考。     

麦麸膳食纤维对面团流变学性质的影响

采用酶法制备了两种麦麸膳食纤维,即可溶性膳食纤维含量为1%的DF1和26.6%的DF2.用Brabender粉质仪和拉伸仪研究其对中筋面粉的面团流变学性质的影响.结果表明,麦麸膳食纤维对面团流变学性质的影响随着添加量和提取膳食纤维时酶水解方式的不同而不同;DF1和DF2对面团的粉质特性均有不同程度的改良作用,DF1的改良作用大于DF2;DF1的添加对面团的拉伸特性有恶化的作用,DF2对面团的拉伸特性则有一定的改良作用;DF1和DF2添加量分别为2%～4%和2%～10%时,对面团流变学性质有改良作用.     

高膳食纤维面团热机械学及面包的烘焙特性

研究大豆纤维粉(soybean dietary fibre,SDF)和玉米抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)及其混合物以20%、30%比例部分替代小麦粉在高膳食纤维面包中的应用,并分析高膳食纤维对面团热机械学特性及面包烘焙特性的影响。结果表明:SDF与RS的引入可提高面团持水性与吸水率(分别提高43.3%～63.3%和5%～7.6%),降低C5-C4值,对淀粉回生产生一定的抑制作用。两者对面团稳定时间和C1-C2的影响不同,RS会显著降低面团稳定时间(为对照组的53.52%～66.46%),增大C1-C2值24.14%～27.59%,蛋白质弱化度提高,而SDF对此则具有积极作用;通过对面包的烘焙特性分析发现,SDF与RS共用时具有协同作用,生产的面包不仅膳食纤维与蛋白质含量高,质构与风味较单独添加SDF有所改善,且提高了RS单独应用时的面包水分含量,提高得率。综合面包比容、色泽、质构与营养而言,5%SDF-15%RS和10%SDF-10%RS组制作的高膳食纤维面包品质最佳,且口感良好。     

红薯渣膳食纤维的制备及其对面包品质的影响

采用水提法和酶提法制备红薯渣膳食纤维,并比较了不同工艺制备的膳食纤维的含量及理化性质,研究了将其作为添加剂添加到面包中对面包品质的影响。结果显示：酶提法制备的膳食纤维纯度较水提法高,含量达到62．45％,其中SDF含量为2．52％,IDF含量为59．93％。以水提法制备的膳食纤维代替5％面粉。加水量为57％时面包的品质最佳;以酶提法制备的膳食纤维代替5％面粉,加水量为72％时,面包的品质最佳。     

乳化剂影响新鲜及冷冻面团面包品质的研究

研究了硬酯酰乳酸钠(SSL)、卵磷脂、单甘酯、蔗糖酯、双乙酰酒石酸甘油酯(DATEM)等几种面包加工常用乳化剂对新鲜面团及冷冻面团的力学特性及面包的质构和感官品质的影响。结果表明,乳化剂的添加会显著提高新鲜面团的力学特性和新鲜面团面包的感官品质,卵磷脂为最适乳化剂,适宜添加量为0.45%(面粉为基数);乳化剂对冷冻面团的力学特性的影响不显著,但可以显著改善冷冻面团面包感官品质,SSL为最适乳化剂,适宜添加量为0.30%(面粉为基数)。     

天然菊粉对面团流变学及面条品质的影响

为了获得膳食纤维含量高的面条,探讨了天然菊粉对面粉糊化、面团流变学和面条品质的影响。结果表明,天然菊粉能够显著(p<0.05)降低面粉糊化过程中的峰值黏度、峰谷黏度、最终黏度和破损值,显著提高糊化温度(p<0.05)。天然菊粉能够改善面条面粉的粉质和拉伸特性。添加天然菊粉能使面团吸水率和弱化度降低,而使面团的形成时间、稳定时间和粉质质量指数增加。随天然菊粉添加量的增加,面团的拉伸阻力和拉伸比例逐渐增大,而拉伸曲线面积和延伸度呈先增大后减小的趋势。当天然菊粉添加量为7.5%时,面条的干物质吸水率高达180.66%。在天然菊粉1.25%~15%添加量实验范围内,天然菊粉的添加对面条的弹性和咀嚼性没有显著影响(p>0.05)。综合考虑,天然菊粉的最适添加量为7.5%。     

膳食纤维对面粉品质影响的研究

以小麦纤维、燕麦纤维、抗性糊精和菊粉作为膳食纤维的来源,考察了其不同添加量对面粉面筋质、粉质特性、糊化特性及动态流变学特性的影响。结果表明小麦纤维、抗性糊精和菊粉降低了面粉湿面筋含量,添加燕麦纤维则提高了湿面筋含量,高添加量(10%)时面粉的面筋指数均能恢复至对照样水平,甚至更高。四种膳食纤维均能提高面粉的粉质稳定时间和粉质质量指数,降低粉质弱化度,提升了面团的耐搅拌性和筋力强度。动态流变学特性显示添加四种膳食纤维均提高了面团的G"和G"",说明面团的强度增加。但不同膳食纤维存在差异,小麦纤维、燕麦纤维和菊粉能提高面团的G"和降低tanδ,说明提高了面团的弹性和固体性质,添加抗性糊精则提高了面团的G"和tanδ,说明相对提高了面团的延展性。添加四种膳食纤维均能降低面糊的峰值粘度、崩解值和回生值,有助于面糊的热稳定和延缓其回生。     

豌豆苗膳食纤维的添加对面团和面包物性的影响

将粗提取的豌豆苗膳食纤维添加到面粉中制作面团,结果发现,随添加量的不断增大,面团的黏度逐渐增大,回复性有所降低.但弹性和咀嚼性无明显变化.添加豌豆苗膳食纤维对面包的体积膨胀有抑制作用,同时使面包皮的硬度和脆性降低,面包心的硬度在一定加入量范围内也降低.贮藏实验表明,添加豌豆苗膳食纤维(<15%)对防止面包的老化有积极意义.该研究为今后膳食纤维在面制品中的强化应用提供了实验依据.     

竹笋膳食纤维对面粉粉质特征及面团质构特性的影响

本文研究了不同竹笋膳食纤维添加量对小麦粉粉质特性、生面团拉伸和流变学特性以及熟面团质构特性的影响。结果表明,随着竹笋膳食纤维添加量的增加,面团稳定时间、粉质质量指数呈先上升后下降趋势,而拉伸阻力和拉伸比例呈上升趋势。竹笋膳食纤维添加量为3.0%时,稳定时间最长为7 min 32 s,粉质质量指数最大为95,弱化度最低为64。随着扫描频率增大,面团弹性模量和黏性模量增大,损耗角正切减小;频率相同时,添加量小于3.0%时,面团的弹性模量、黏性模量增加;质构特性研究发现,随着竹笋膳食纤维添加量的增大(0.5%~5.0%),面团的硬度、弹性、粘附性、咀嚼性均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。结果表明:适量添加竹笋膳食纤维可改善面粉的粉质及质构特性,有助于提高面粉的食用品质。      

竹笋膳食纤维对面粉粉质特征及面团质构特性的影响

本文研究了不同竹笋膳食纤维添加量对小麦粉粉质特性、生面团拉伸和流变学特性以及熟面团质构特性的影响。结果表明,随着竹笋膳食纤维添加量的增加,面团稳定时间、粉质质量指数呈先上升后下降趋势,而拉伸阻力和拉伸比例呈上升趋势。竹笋膳食纤维添加量为3.0%时,稳定时间最长为7 min 32 s,粉质质量指数最大为95,弱化度最低为64。随着扫描频率增大,面团弹性模量和黏性模量增大,损耗角正切减小;频率相同时,添加量小于3.0%时,面团的弹性模量、黏性模量增加;质构特性研究发现,随着竹笋膳食纤维添加量的增大(0.5%~5.0%),面团的硬度、弹性、粘附性、咀嚼性均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。结果表明:适量添加竹笋膳食纤维可改善面粉的粉质及质构特性,有助于提高面粉的食用品质。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the