纳米Fe_3O_4负载好氧反硝化菌脱氮除磷性能

以纳米Fe_3O_4负载好氧反硝化菌处理生活废水.确定了游离菌及固定化菌处理废水的最佳条件及处理效果.游离菌在pH=6.8、30℃条件下作用2天,对废水的处理效果最佳,而固定化菌在pH=7.8、30℃及Fe_3O_4/菌=3:1时,对废水的处理效果最佳,菌株经纳米Fe_3O_4负载后,对废水的脱氮、除磷及去除COD效果得到明显提升,去除率分别达到75.56%、38.83%及87.5%.纳米Fe_3O_4负载的菌株经反复再生,并连续处理4批废水,总氮,无机磷及COD的去除效果仍然维持在高水平,在治理水体富营养化领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

上海丰远环保科技有限公司

<正>新产品介绍——废水处理系列产品除磷混凝剂除磷除镍混凝剂FY新型高效除磷剂FY除磷除镍铜混凝剂FY脱色剂FY脱色除磷剂COD去除剂除氨氮、COD、BOD、重金属离子等☆功效:除镍、除磷、除浊(SS)、去除水中COD、BOD及重金属离子等功能显著,特别是处理含镍废水效果更佳。◆除磷混凝剂对含磷废水磷的去除达99.9以上;◆除磷除镍混凝剂对电镀废水中的磷和镍能一步去除;     

好氧颗粒污泥处理猪场废水研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥具有结构紧密、沉降性能好、生物量高以及能耐受高有机负荷等特性,能够实现优良的同步去碳脱氮除磷效果,在去除高浓度猪场废水中的有机物、氮、磷等具有潜在的优势。分析了国内猪场废水沼液处理实际工程存在的主要问题,综述了国内外学者对好氧颗粒污泥技术在猪场废水生物处理中的研究现状,着重介绍了好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其特性、好氧颗粒污泥SBR工艺和MBR工艺对猪场废水中COD、氮、磷的去除效果,并在此基础上展望了好氧颗粒污泥技术在猪场废水生物处理中的应用前景。     

人工湿地植物耐盐性研究进展

文章综述了在人工湿地工艺中湿地植物的耐盐特性,及其在人工湿地处理高盐废水中的运行效果。探讨了湿地植物的耐盐能力,耐盐湿地植物对氮、磷等污染物的去除能力及人工湿地处理高盐废水的实践,并对该领域的研究进行了展望。     

芬顿法深度处理乙炔装置含磷废水

简单介绍了去除废水中磷的几种主要方法。针对乙炔装置次氯酸钠废水,采用芬顿法+沉淀+两级过滤方法处理,实现了达标排放,取得了良好的效果。     

铁屑微电解与除磷工艺耦合预处理分散式白酒酿造废水试验研究

分散式白酒酿造废水具有高有机物浓度、高浊、高磷等特点,不利于后续生物处理。本研究采用铁屑微电解法,对该废水进行去除较高的COD、SS、磷的预处理实验。探讨了不同铁屑投加量、铁炭比、以及pH、反应时间对COD、浊度、磷去除效果的影响。研究表明,铁屑微电解处理酿酒废水静态小试最佳处理条件为：进水pH值为4,铁屑用量5%,常温下反应60 min,COD去除率为52.31%。当铁炭比为2：1时,去除效果较好,能达到54.53%。     

国外电镀环保文摘

[H172]表面处理废水中磷和氮的处理表面处理废水,窒素处理:中村宏;研究会志,(9),P.5～11,1983。表面处理废水中磷的去除方法通常是采用混凝沉淀法,本文叙述了含磷去油废水、焦磷酸盐镀铜废水、化学镀镍废水的处理实例。处理化学镀镍废水时,氧化预处理工序是必要的。对于表面处理废水中氮的去     

粉煤灰吸附去除城区景观水体中磷的试验研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料,研究该吸附剂对景观水体中磷的去除效果,从废水pH值、振荡时间和灰水比三方面考察了对吸附作用的影响。结果表明,含磷废水经粉煤灰吸附处理12h后趋于稳定,达到吸附平衡,灰水比在1：10及pH值控制在8—9效果最好。在上述优化条件下应用于城区景观水体中磷的吸附处理,去除率为25．5％～42．2％。     

镀镍废水处理的研究

各种镀镍工艺的含镍混合废水,由于废水中镍与水中各种有机物、无机物形成多种形式的络合物,化学沉淀难以完全去除镍离子。文章对此含镍废水首先采用Fenton试剂氧化,后采用NaClO氧化,最后经化学沉淀处理,使最终出水上清液镍离子浓度低于0.1 mg/L,该方法对含镍废水中氮、磷及COD等污染物的去除效果也非常显著。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰处理涂装磷化废水

探索了垃圾焚烧飞灰在处理涂装磷化废水方面的资源化利用途径,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)分析、比表面积(BET)与孔径(BJH)测试,探讨了处理机制。结果表明,飞灰去除涂装废水中高含量的磷、镍效果均十分显著,常温30 min磷与镍的去除率均达到99%以上,受温度、振荡转速影响小,涂装废水进水不需调节pH。出水中各指标均达到GB8978-1996一级排放标准,且未产生新的重金属污染。飞灰在处理过程中未出现多孔性结构,吸附作用不是除磷的主要机制;化学沉淀是除磷、除镍的主要机制,原水中的以镍为主的重金属离子在为除磷过程提供阳离子同时也得到去除。飞灰中可溶性重金属与磷酸盐发生沉淀反应,在处理废水的同时稳定化了重金属,处理后飞灰浸出液中Zn、Pb的含量分别降低了86.1%、95.2%。     

Dynamic simulation of steam distillation in a fatty acid esterification

In esterification processes, the process step which determines the time taken and which has the greatest impact on cost is often not the esterification reaction, but the subsequent work-up of the reaction mixture. In the fatty acid esterification described steam distillation is used as one step in the work-up to remove the fatty alcohol employed in excess. To describe the steam distillation, a simulation model was used to define and optimize the essential determining factors. Comparison with empirical operational data showed that a simple equilibrium model is sufficiently accurate for describing the steam-distillation process in the production plant. Varying the parameters allowed economically optimal conditions to be established in terms of vapor mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature.     

APPLICATION OF SOLVENT SUBLATION TO THE SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF EMULSIFIED COAL TAR AND DISSOLVED ORGANICS

Solvent sublation is a unique bubble-separation method which combines features of foam fractionation and solvent extraction in a single unit operation. Surfactant introduced into a flotation column serves to remove emulsions and other colloids, while simultaneously transporting dissolved organics into a solvent layer for retention. The extracting solvent is placed directly on the surface of the aqueous phase.

The objective of this research was to test the feasibility of using the solvent sublation process to remove phenols and particulates from underground coal gasification (UCG) wastewater. Previous work with separate flotation, adsorption, solvent extraction and coagulation processes indicated that a combined approach might have added utility in increasing pollutant removal. Further, the combined process could have greater efficiencies of operation.

All experiments were performed in the batch mode using methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK) solvent and ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (EHDA-Br) surfactant. The solvent-aqueous ratios, pH, and surfactant doses were independently varied in this investigation, while the air flow rate was held constant. The final process configuration employed removed 93 percent of the phenols and over 90 percent of the 2-10 μm diameter particles from the UCG wastewater. In addition, some precipitate flotation was observed in select operational modes. This served to remove color bodies and additional colloids previously immune to treatment. Measurement of residual MIBK in effluents showed that solvent-sublation left less residual solvent than did solvent-extraction in these wastewaters.     

Treatment and operation cost analysis of greywater by electrocoagulation and comparison with coagulation process in mining areas

Electrocoagulation process is a new and developing method that has been employed significantly to remove pollutants from wastewater. In this research the electrocoagulation process has been examined for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, hardness, and organic matter from greywater. An economical comparison has been implemented between electrocoagulation and coagulation processes near the mining areas. The results demonstrate that the electrode type and operation time have a significant impact on the removal of COD, turbidity, and hardness. The least operating cost to remove organic matters is ~US$ 0.04 m^?3 for the iron electrode. Since the least operating cost was US$ 0.09 m^?3 in coagulation process, economically, the electrocoagulation process in comparison with the coagulation process is a more effective process.     

Catalytic Hydrodesulfurization of Gaseous Fuels with Autogenously Formed Hydrogen

Hydrogen production from gaseous fuels, such as natural or liquefied petroleum gas, for fuel cell application requires feedstock free of catalyst poisons. As sulfur is one of the main poisons, different methods are employed to remove sulfur species. We propose a process not requiring external hydrogen feed to the feedstock. The hydrogen for the hydrogenation of the sulfur species is obtained directly from the hydrocarbon matrix reacting on a zeolite catalyst. The result is a desulfurization process with considerably simplified process management and a superior process startup.     

脱氮硫杆菌利用不同硫源去除地下水硝酸盐的实验研究

从斛兵塘底土壤中分离得到一株自养反硝化菌。该菌株经过生理生化实验,初步判定为脱氮硫杆菌。该菌株可以分别利用黄铁矿、硫代硫酸钠、硫单质作电子供体,进行反硝化代谢。实验表明,在黄铁矿存在下该菌种对硝酸盐氮去除率最高,同时也有较高的硫酸根生成率。为了去除硫酸根新污染,尝试在培养基中加入石灰石。经实验证明,在培养基中加入石灰石几乎不影响反硝化代谢,并且有效的去除硫酸根离子,达到去除硝酸盐的目的。     

生物通风修复多种有机污染物体系的模拟分析

针对多污染物体系的生物通风修复过程，对生物通风（bioventing, BV）操作中的空气注入方式，单井修复还是多井修复及生物降解作用用BIOVENT软件进行了模拟，系统研究了各种操作条件对修复效果的影响。模拟研究结果表明：BV修复现场采用间歇注入的操作方式，其处理效果与连续注入方式相似，且可减小操作费用；在受污染区域小的现场采用单井修复较为合适，而当受污染区域远大于单井影响半径时，应采用多井修复才能够达到较好修复效果；BV修复前期宜使用较大空气速率来加快挥发性有机污染物的挥发速率，后期则宜采用较小空气速率以充分利用微生物降解作用去除土壤中残留污染物。     

The possibility of the desalination of actual 1,3-propanediol fermentation broth by electrodialysis

Electrodialysis (ED) was employed to remove the organic and inorganic salts from actual 1,3-propanediol (PDO) fermentation broth. These salts cause many problems during the purification of PDO if not removed. Suitable operation parameters such as applied potential and the flow rate of streams were selected to ensure a stable and durative desalination process for PDO fermentation broth. Under these conditions, the membrane fouling can be alleviated effectively by changing pole and cleaning membranes so that further industrial production is possible. The experiment results show that about 90% of organic acid salts in PDO broth are removed by the ED process. In addition, a simulated diffusion PDO experiment proved that the diffusion of PDO results in its loss from fermentation broth and the loss ratio is less than 6% under the chosen operating conditions.     

PBT的固相缩聚

对固相缩聚的机理和影响因素进行了介绍。认为聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯 ( PBT)是一种重要的工程塑料 ,高的分子质量使其性能得到提高。作为生产 PBT高粘切片的有效方法 ,固相缩聚依赖于化学 (可逆化学反应 )和物理 (小分子的扩散 )两个过程     

Removal Of methylene blue dye from simulated wastewater by alginic acid fiber as adsorbent: Equilibrium,kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

Alginic acid fiber was used as a novel adsorbent to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution, and adsorption mechanisms were investigated. System variables, including contact time, pH, temperature, and initial concentration were examined to investigate the effect on adsorption in batch experiments. The results showed that equilibrium reached in less than 20 min and pH significantly influenced the equilibrium value. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were employed to analyse the isotherm behaviours. It was found the isotherm behaviours conform to Freundlich and Temkin models well, indicating a chemisorption process. Pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion models were employed to investigate kinetic behaviours. The kinetic behaviour is best described by pseudo‐second‐order model. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the process is spontaneous and exothermic.     

基于小波变换消噪和盲源信号分离的过程监控方法

针对过程信息不可避免地受噪声污染,提出了一种基于小波变换消噪和盲源信号分离的过程监控方法.该方法首先利用小波变换对过程测量信号消噪,再根据信息最大化准则提取盲源信号,然后利用Parzen窗法建立盲源信号的控制限及相应的过程监控图.通过对一个非等温连续搅拌过程（CSTR）的仿真研究表明,该方法是有效的.此外,为了与传统基于盲源信号分离的过程监控方法做比较,还进行了相应的对比研究.结果表明,对过程测量信息首先进行小波变换消噪能够提高过程的监控性能,减少过程故障的误报率和漏报率,从而进一步证实了方法的有效性.