6-溴甲基-3,4-二氢-2-甲基-4-氧代喹唑啉的合成

用对甲基苯胺与水合三氯乙醛、盐酸羟胺反应制得对甲基(N-肟基乙酰)苯胺,再与浓硫酸反应生成5-甲基靛红,后经碱性过氧化氢氧化,制得2-氨基-5-甲基苯甲酸。将2-氨基-5-甲基苯甲酸与硫代乙酰胺反应生成的3,4-二氢-2,6_二甲基4氧代喹唑啉,经N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺溴化得到标题化合物,其结构经IR,MS,^1HNMR和元素分析确证,5步反应总收率为23．1％。     

4-氯-2-氰基-5-(4-甲基苯基)咪唑的合成研究

以对甲基苯乙酮为起始原料,经二氧化硒氧化制得4-甲基苯基乙二醛,在水与甲醇的混合溶剂中,与盐酸羟胺、乙二醛水溶液环化反应得4-羟基-5-(4-甲基苯基)-2-肟基次甲基咪唑-3-氧,再以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,与二氯亚砜反应脱水氯化得标题化合物,总收率69.0%。     

N-甲基-2-吡咯腈的合成与表征

以N—甲基—2—吡咯醛为原料，经肟化、脱水合成了N—甲基—2—吡咯腈，通过气相色谱对产品纯度进行测定，并用红外光谱、质谱对其结构进行了表征。用二氯乙烷代替乙醚作萃取剂具有生产安全性好、溶剂损耗少、成本低等优点。     

2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶合成工艺研究

以乙醛与氨为原料在常压下反应合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶．较佳反应条件为：反应温度为380℃,乙醛与氢物质的量比为3．0：2．0,收率可达50％以上．反应生成的混合2-MPD和4-MPD水溶液通过萃取、精馏可制得2-甲基吡啶(≥99．0％)和4-甲基毗啶(≥98．5％)成品。此工艺路线步骤简单、收率高、易于操作、适宜工业化。     

2-氨基-5-氯-3-甲基苯甲酸的合成研究

以4-氯-2-甲基苯胺为原料,与水合氯醛、盐酸羟胺反应先制得N-（4-氯-2-甲基苯基）-2-（羟胺基）乙酰胺,于浓硫酸中脱水环合生成5-氯-7-甲基靛红,然后在碱性条件下用过氧化氢氧化,制得2-氨基-5-氯-3-甲基苯甲酸,3步反应总收率67％（以4-氯-2-甲基苯胺计）。通过MS和。HNMR对最终产品进行了表征。     

N-（3-环己烯-1-基甲基）-4-氨基哌啶的合成

目的：合成强效的5-H1和5-H2受体拮抗剂西尼必利的关键中间体N-（3-环己烯-1-基甲基）-4-氨基哌啶。方法：以N-（3-环己烯-1-基甲基）-哌啶-4-肟为原料,经还原后生成N-（3-环己烯-1-基甲基）-4-氨基哌啶（1）。结果：目标化合物经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证化学结构,产率达到76%。结论：文章为N-（3-环己烯-1-基甲基）-4-氨基哌啶的工业化生产提供了一条新型的、较为合理的工艺路线。     

5-甲基吡嗪-2-羧酸的合成工艺改进

在N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)催化下,2,5-二甲基毗嗪与空气选择性氧化反应一步制得标题化合物,总收率高达84%.     

双（2-甲基氨基乙基）醚的制备及分离

在氮气保护下,加热N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和浓硫酸,使N,N-二甲基乙醇胺分子间脱水得到双（2-二甲基氨基乙基）醚。考察了反应时间、反应温度、浓硫酸的用量对产物收率的影响;最佳反应条件为：200-210℃,4～5h,物料摩尔投料比为：行（浓硫酸）：n（N,N-二甲基乙醇胺）-3．0：1．0。用新型分离装置对反应液进行分离后,经减压精馏得到双（2-二甲基氨基乙基）醚[w（双（2-二甲基氨基乙基）醚≥98％],其收率为55．6％（以N,N-二甲基乙醇胺）。     

5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[3-氟-4-（1-哌嗪基苯基）]异噁唑啉的合成

以3,4-二氟苯甲醛、盐酸羟胺为原料,经缩合反应、氯代反应制得3,4-二氟苯肟氯代物（3）;以烯丙基胺为原料经乙酰化反应制得乙酰烯丙基胺（4）;化合物3与化合物4经环合反应、哌嗪取代反应合成终产物5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[3-氟-4-（1-哌嗪基苯基）]异噁唑啉（呈）。总收率为30．2％,纯度为99．1％（HPLC）。     

氟咯草酮的合成研究

以N-烯丙基-间-三氟甲基二氯乙酰苯胺为原料,在催化剂作用下重排制得氟咯草酮,对反应条件进行了研究,得出了合成氟咯草酮及相关中间体的优惠条件为:铜催化剂用量的7.5g/mol,反应温度110℃,反应时间3h。中间体N-烯丙基-间-三氟甲基苯胺的反应收率超过90%,N-烯丙基-间-三氟甲基-二氯乙酰替苯胺的收率超过95%,氟咯草酮的收率超过85%,产品纯度超过90%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。