热喷涂NiCr/纳米(Zr02 +8% Y2 03)梯度涂层的性能研究

针对陶瓷涂层与基体结合强度低、易产生裂纹和剥落的现象,进行了抗高温氧化耐磨损梯度涂层的设计。采用热喷涂技术在45钢基体表面制备由面层[纳米（Zr02 +8% Y203）]和中间层(NiCr)组成的梯度涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、测定结合强度、测定显微硬度、X射线衍射等方法研究涂层的性能。结果表明：NiCr/纳米(Zr02+ 8% Y203)梯度涂层显微组织结构致密,与NiCr合金涂层和纳米(Zr02,+8% Y2 03)陶瓷涂层相比,具有更优良的力学性能;梯度涂层的面层有利于提高基体的耐高温、耐磨损性能,而中间层则有利于改善基体的抗高温氧化性能。     

火箭发射台高温腐蚀机理与梯度防护涂层性能研究

针对火箭发射时,火箭发射台遭受严重的高温氧化和高速粒子冲蚀烧蚀现象,进行了抗高温氧化耐磨损梯度涂层的设计.采用氧化热力学和氧化动力学理论研究了发射台的高温氧化行为,利用二相流理论、微切削理论和锻造挤压理论分析了发射台的冲蚀磨损机制,阐明了发射台的高温腐蚀机理,提出了利用热喷涂方法在发射台表面制备NiCr/纳米(Z4O2 8%Y2O3)梯度防护涂层的构想,并研究了其性能.结果表明:梯度涂层组织结构致密,力学性能较高,抗高温氧化耐冲蚀性能良好.     

纳米Y2O3对氧化锆陶瓷涂层显微组织和抗高温氧化性能的影响

在ZrO2陶瓷基粉体中添加适量纳米Y2O3,采用等离子喷涂工艺制备陶瓷涂层.对涂层进行了显微组织分析、抗高温氧化试验和耐磨损性能试验,研究了添加剂Y2O3对涂层显微组织和抗高温氧化性能的影响.研究结果表明,纳米Y2O3的加入可以减少涂层中的孔隙,提高涂层的致密性,且随着纳米Y2O3加入量的增加,涂层的抗氧化能力先增强后减弱,纳米Y2O3以5%加人涂层中孔隙最少,晶粒细化,涂层致密,抗氧化性能最好.     

溶胶-凝胶复合料浆热压滤法制备Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层

在Fe-18Cr-8Ni不锈钢表面涂覆由纳米α-Al2O3颗粒、微米ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3(YSZ)颗粒和Al(OH)3-Y(OH)3溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)组成的复合料浆层,采用热压滤法制备Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层.为了匹配陶瓷涂层和金属基体间的热膨胀系数,采用sol-gel法在两者之间施加一层ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3过渡层.SEM分析结果表明,获得的陶瓷涂层厚度大于30μm,无裂纹.XRD分析结果表明,该陶瓷涂层主要由t-Zr0.92Y0.08O1.96和α-Al2O3以及少量t-ZrO2和γ-Al2O3相组成.900℃高温氧化实验结果表明,Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层能够有效提高Fe-18Cr-8Ni基体的抗高温氧化和抗剥落性能.     

铜合金表面等离子喷涂 ZrO2-Y2O3和A12O3-TiO2涂层的抗高温氧化性能

目的对比研究ZrO2-Y2O3和A12O3-TiO2涂层的抗高温氧化性能。方法采用等离子喷涂工艺,以NiCrAl为粘接层,在铜合金基体表面分别制备ZrO2-Y2O3和A12O3-TiO2涂层,测试涂层的显微组织、元素种类及含量、显微硬度,并在相同条件下测试涂层的抗高温氧化性能。结果 ZrO2-Y2O3和A12O3-TiO2涂层都具有明显的层状结构,涂层结合紧密,内部孔洞细小,显微硬度分别为423HV和628HV。这两种涂层都具有一定的抗高温氧化性能,NiCrAl粘结层是整个涂层最薄弱的环节。结论等离子喷涂ZrO2-Y2O3涂层的抗高温氧化性能优于A12O3-TiO2涂层。     

α-Al2O3/YSZ复合陶瓷涂层的抗高温氧化性能

采用在溶胶-凝胶复合陶瓷粉体悬浮液中电泳沉积以及热压滤和微波烧结技术,在1Cr13不锈钢基体上制备出了α-Al2O3/YSZ(YSZ为5 wt%Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2)复合陶瓷涂层,并对其抗高温氧化性能进行了研究.结果表明,该涂层结构致密无微裂纹,呈现纳米α-Al2O3包覆YSZ颗粒的复合结构.900℃循环氧化实验结果表明,该复合陶瓷涂层具有优异的抗高温氧化和抗剥落性能.这种特性可归因于α-Al2O3包覆YSZ颗粒结构对氧扩散的阻碍作用以及对涂层强度和断裂韧性的增强作用.     

高速电喷镀纳米ZrO2/Ni复合层组织及高温氧化性能

通过高速电喷镀工艺在Ni基高温合金K17表面沉积了纳米ZrO2/Ni复合镀层,测定了K17合金和纳米ZrO2/Ni复合镀层在1000℃的氧化动力学曲线,采用SEM、XRD和显微硬度计分析了纳米ZrO2/Ni复合镀层的组织结构、表面形貌和表面显微硬度;实验结果表明,镀层中纳米ZrO2的存在有利于细化复合镀层晶粒,提高复合镀层显微硬度;1000℃氧化5h后,纳米ZrO2/Ni复合镀层氧化膜由NiO,ZrO2和Cr2O3组成,1000℃氧化100h后,纳米ZrO2/Ni复合镀层氧化膜由NiO,NiCr2O4,ZrO2and Cr2O3组成;纳米ZrO2/Ni复合镀层中ZrO2和Cr2O3的存在明显改善了K17合金的抗高温氧化性。     

TiAl合金等离子喷涂CoNiCrAlY+(ZrO2+Y2O3)涂层性能的研究

利用等离子喷涂法在TiAl合金基体表面依次喷涂结合紧密的过渡CoNiCrAlY涂层和(ZrO2 Y2O3)的陶瓷热障涂层，并进行高温氧化试验。用XRD、SEM检测了试样的显微组织、结构及形貌，结果表明，经等离子喷涂处理后TiAl合金表面形成陶瓷热障涂层且与基体结合紧密；过渡层的硬度有所增大，表面陶瓷层的硬度显著增高，耐磨性能提高；进行850℃和1000℃高温静态氧化试验，TiAl合金表面高温抗氧化能力也显著提高。     

团聚及空心ZrO_2-7%Y_2O_3热障涂层性能（英文）

大气等离子喷涂ZrO2-7%Y2O3(7YSZ,Y2O3为质量分数)热障涂层广泛用于航空发动机热端部件以提高金属基体的抗腐蚀、耐高温、抗冲蚀等性能。采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)以NiCoCrAlYTa粉为原料在高温合金K4169基体上制备了粘结层,通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)分别以团聚、空心7YSZ粉为原料在粘结层上制备了陶瓷面层。使用扫描电镜(SEM)和工业电子计算机X射线断层扫描技术(ICT)对团聚、空心粉热障涂层的微观结构进行观察分析,然后再对以上2种热障涂层的抗氧化、热震、结合、隔热等热物性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明:空心粉热障涂层陶瓷层中存在大量的微孔和裂纹;热障涂层陶瓷层中不同孔隙率对粘结层高温抗氧化性能没有明显的影响,但它有助于提高热障涂层的热震性能和隔热性能;此外,高的涂层孔隙率会导致空心粉热障涂层的结合强度低于团聚粉热障涂层。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3·ZrO2复合陶瓷涂层研究

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法以Al(NO3)3·9H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O为原料,乙醇为溶剂,在不锈钢表面制备了xAl2O3·yZrO2复合陶瓷涂层.研究了基材氧化预处理、溶液纽成、添加剂等对陶瓷涂层组成、性能的影响.结果表明:基材氧化预处理能大大改善涂层与基材的结合强度:涂有xAl2O3·yZrO2陶瓷涂层的材料具有较不锈钢更优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.