一种无线传感器网络的访问控制协议

传感器网络中的节点存在由于能量耗尽或恶意攻击而丧失作用的威胁,因此需要新节点的加入.利用Bloom Filter技术,提出了一种访问控制协议.本协议不仅便于实现新节点、旧节点的双向认证和密钥协商,而且便于实现节点的加入与撤消.通过性能分析和安全性分析说明了该协议的有效性.     

HYPERFLOW: An Efficient Error Control Protocol for Wireless Broadband Access Networks

The subject of this paper is the design and evaluation of an efficient errorcontrol scheme for indoor cellular wireless broadband access networks, whichcan be considered as the wireless extension of a fixed quality-of-serviceoriented network (e.g., based on the ATM- (asynchronous transfer mode-)protocol). In order to improve the high and time-variant probability of transmissionerrors, a novel error control scheme is developed. The protocol calledHYPERFLOW (Hybrid Partial sElective Repeat ARQ with Flow control) representsan efficient combination of a selective repeat and a Go-Back-N ARQ- (automaticrepeat request-) scheme while keeping the implementation complexity withinlimits. Additionally, it features a flow control mechanism which prevents the channel from being blocked by a user with momentarily hightransmission error probability and thus considerably increases the totalsystem throughput. Furthermore, the HYPERFLOW-protocol is combined with anadaptive forward error control code. The resulting type II hybrid ARQ-schemeis based on the principle of incremental redundancy with redundant symbolsbeing sent only when they are required.A realistic model for the fluctuations of the transmission quality is used forthe performance evaluation of the HYPERFLOW-protocol. It turns out that the adaptive FEC-based error correction scheme can considerably improve thesystem performance.The mean transmission delay, for instance, can be reduced by a factor of upto 10 when the FEC-scheme is properly applied.     

Energy-Efficient, Collision-Free Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks

The traffic-adaptive medium access protocol (TRAMA) is introduced for energy-efficient collision-free channel access in wireless sensor networks. TRAMA reduces energy consumption by ensuring that unicast and broadcast transmissions incur no collisions, and by allowing nodes to assume a low-power, idle state whenever they are not transmitting or receiving. TRAMA assumes that time is slotted and uses a distributed election scheme based on information about traffic at each node to determine which node can transmit at a particular time slot. Using traffic information, TRAMA avoids assigning time slots to nodes with no traffic to send, and also allows nodes to determine when they can switch off to idle mode and not listen to the channel. TRAMA is shown to be fair and correct, in that no idle node is an intended receiver and no receiver suffers collisions. An analytical model to quantify the performance of TRAMA is presented and the results are verified by simulation. The performance of TRAMA is evaluated through extensive simulations using both synthetic- as well as sensor-network scenarios. The results indicate that TRAMA outperforms contention-based protocols (CSMA, 802.11 and S-MAC) and also static scheduled-access protocols (NAMA) with significant energy savings. This work was supported in part by the NSF-NGI grant number ANI-9813724 and by the Jack Baskin Chair of Computer Engineering at UCSC. Venkatesh Rajendran received the B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Anna University in 2001, and M.S. in Computer Engineering from the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) in 2003. He is currently working towards his Ph.D at UCSC. He is a graduate student researcher at the Inter-networking Research Lab (INRG). His research interests are in wireless communication system design, energy-aware media access control protocols for wireless ad hoc networks, smart sensor networks, reliable multi-casting, wireless multi-carrier communications, digital signal processing, adaptive modulation, and smart antenna systems. Katia Obraczka received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical and computer engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from the University of Southern California (USC). She is an Assistant Professor of Computer Engineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Before joining UCSC, she held a research scientist position at USC's Information Sciences Institute and a research faculty appointment at USC's Computer Science Department. Her research interests include computer networks, more specifically, network protocol design and evaluation in wire-line as well as wireless (in particular, multi-hop ad hoc) networks, distributed systems, and Internet information systems. J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, in 1980 and 1983, respectively. He is the Baskin Professor of Computer Engineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). Dr. Garcia-Luna-Aceves directs the Computer Communication Research Group (CCRG), which is part of the Information Technologies Institute of the Baskin School of Engineering at UCSC. He has been a Visiting Professor at Sun Laboratories and a consultant on protocol design for Nokia. Prior to joining UCSC in 1993, he was a Center Director at SRI International (SRI) in Menlo Park, California. Dr. Garcia-Luna-Aceves has published a book and more than 250 refereed papers and three U.S patents, and has directed more than 18 Ph.D. theses at UCSC. He has been Program Co-Chair of ACM MobiHoc 2002 and ACM Mobicom 2000; Chair of the ACM SIG Multimedia; General Chair of ACM Multimedia '93 and ACM SIGCOMM '88; and Program Chair of IEEE MULTIMEDIA '92, ACM SIGCOMM '87, and ACM SIGCOMM '86. He has served in the IEEE Internet Technology Award Committee, the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal Committee, and the National Research Council Panel on Digitization and Communications Science of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board. HE has been on the editorial boards of the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, the Multimedia Systems Journal, and the Journal of High Speed Networks. He received the SRI International Exceptional-Achievement Award in 1985 and 1989, and is a senior member of the IEEE.     

A Combined Forward Error Control and Multiple Access Protocol for Wireless Voice/Data Integration

Different strategies for error control are investigated, in conjunction with a MAC-level protocol, operating in a multimedia noisy cellular environment, where a base station co-ordinates mobile users within each cell. The channel multiplexing structure is based on Time Division (TDM), and the slots in each frame are dynamically assigned to the users and their service classes. The access rights are decided by an algorithm, namely, the Independent Stations Algorithm (ISA), at the cell base station, which broadcasts this information to the users. Each single mobile station is associated a bit error probability, which changes with time in a random fashion. Bit error probabilities are estimated and the protection level of the Forward Error Correction (FEC) code is dynamically adapted to the new conditions. The performance of the scheme is analyzed by simulation in the presence of mixed voice and data traffic, and with different error handling techniques (FEC and Automatic Retransmission Request (ARQ)).     

无线自组织应急通信网络的多信道介质访问控制

文章研究了多信道资源分配算法,并对其5个重要过程：获取节点请求列表过程、请求分类缓冲过程、请求队列截取过程、资源分配过程、节点使用分配结果过程进行了探讨。文章认为在算法中可以考虑增加请求信息的内容以完善分配机制,加入自适应的优先级预留比例调整机制,添加和完善更高效地分配时隙、信道二维资源。     

无线传感器网络中数据链路层和网络层设计

作为无线通信网络的一个新的研究热点,无线传感器网络正以其独有的特点和全新的应用而得到人们的广泛关注.本文简要介绍无线传感器网络的体系结构、节点构成和协议层次.分类阐述了几种典型的数据链路层和网络层的设计方案和设计思想.数据链路层中MAC协议可分为两大类:基于竞争的MAC协议和基于预约的MAC协议;网络层的路由算法也分为两大类:平面路由协议和分级路由协议.最后提出一些研究构想.     

面向WLAN的无线传感器网络网关设备及其接入机制

网关是实现无线传感器网络与其他基础网络（如移动通信网、电信网等）互联互通的重要设备。文章设计并实现了一种基于CC2420芯片的网关,实现了与传感器网络的通信,并利用无线网卡模块实现了网关设备与无线局域网的连接,克服了网关硬件设备布置的局限性,扩大了网关设备和无线传感器网络的应用范围。     

Strongly Consistent Access Algorithms for Wireless Data Networks

In wireless data networks such as the WAP systems, the cached data may be time-sensitive and strong consistency must be maintained (i.e., the data presented to the user at the WAP handset must be the same as that in the origin server). In this paper, we study the cached data access algorithms in such systems. Two caching algorithms are investigated. In Algorithm I, Pull-Each-Read, whenever a data access occurs, the client always asks the server whether the cached entry in the client is valid or not. In Algorithm II, Callback, the server always invalidates the cached entry in the client whenever an update occurs. Analytic models are proposed to evaluate the performance of these algorithms. Our studies show that Algorithm II outperforms Algorithm I if the data access rate is high and the access pattern is irregular. We also design an adaptive mechanism to effectively switch between the two algorithms to take advantages of both algorithms. We also apply the single-level cached data access algorithms for the multi-level cache hierarchy. Our study indicates that with appropriate arrangement, strongly consistent cached data access for wireless Internet (such as WAP) can be efficiently supported.Yuguang Fang received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mathematics from Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China, in 1984 and 1987, respectively, a Ph.D degree from Department of Systems, Control and Industrial Engineering at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, in January 1994, and a Ph.D degree from Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Boston University, Massachusetts, in May 1997.From 1987 to 1988, he held research and teaching positions in both Department of Mathematics and the Institute of Automation at Qufu Normal University. He held a post-doctoral position in Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Boston University from June 1994 to August 1995. From June 1997 to July 1998, he was a Visiting Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Dallas. From July 1998 to May 2000, he was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. From May 2000 to July 2003, he was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, where he has been an Associate Professor since August 2003. His research interests span many areas including wireless networks, mobile computing, mobile communications, automatic control, and neural networks. He has published over ninety papers in refereed professional journals and conferences. He received the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Award in 2001 and the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award in 2002. He is listed in Marquis Whos Who in Science and Engineering, Whos Who in America and Whos Who in World.Dr. Fang has actively engaged in many professional activities. He is a senior member of the IEEE and a member of the ACM. He is an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Communications, an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, an Editor for ACM Wireless Networks, an Area Editor for ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, an Associate Editor for Wiley International Journal on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, and an Editor for IEEE Wireless Communications. He was an Editor for IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications: Wireless Communications Series and the feature editor for Scanning the Literature in IEEE Wireless Communications (formerly IEEE Personal Communications). He has also actively involved with many professional conferences such as ACM MobiCom02, ACM MobiCom01, IEEE INFOCOM04, INFOCOM03, INFOCOM00, INFOCOM98, IEEE WCNC02, WCNC00 (Technical Program Vice-Chair), WCNC99, and International Conference on Computer Communications and Networking (IC3N98) (Technical Program Vice-Chair).Yi-Bing Lin received his BSEE degree from National Cheng Kung University in 1983, and his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Washington in 1990. From 1990 to 1995, he was with the Applied Research Area at Bell Communications Research (Bellcore), Morristown, NJ. In 1995, he was appointed as a professor of Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering (CSIE), National Chiao Tung University (NCTU). In 1996, he was appointed as Deputy Director of Microelectronics and Information Systems Research Center, NCTU. During 1997-1999, he was elected as Chairman of CSIE, NCTU. His current research interests include design and analysis of personal communications services network, mobile computing, distributed simulation, and performance modeling. Dr. Lin has published over 150 journal articles and more than 200 conference papers.Dr. Lin is a senior technical editor of IEEE Network, an editor of IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, an associate editor of IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, an associate editor of IEEE Communications Survey and Tutorials, an editor of IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, an editor of Computer Networks, an area editor of ACM Mobile Computing and Communication Review, a columnist of ACM Simulation Digest, an editor of International Journal of Communications Systems, an editor of ACM/Baltzer Wireless Networks, an editor of Computer Simulation Modeling and Analysis, an editor of Journal of Information Science and Engineering, Program Chair for the 8th Workshop on Distributed and Parallel Simulation, General Chair for the 9th Workshop on Distributed and Parallel Simulation. Program Chair for the 2nd International Mobile Computing Conference, Guest Editor for the ACM/Baltzer MONET special issue on Personal Communications, a Guest Editor for IEEE Transactions on Computers special issue on Mobile Computing, a Guest Editor for IEEE Transactions on Computers special issue on Wireless Internet, and a Guest Editor for IEEE Communications Magazine special issue on Active, Programmable, and Mobile Code Networking. Lin is the author of the book Wireless and Mobile Network Architecture (co-author with Imrich Chlamtac; published by John Wiley & Sons). Lin received 1998, 2000 and 2002 Outstanding Research Awards from National Science Council, ROC, and 1998 Outstanding Youth Electrical Engineer Award from CIEE, ROC. He also received the NCTU Outstanding Teaching Award in 2002. Lin is an Adjunct Research Fellow of Academia Sinica, and is Chair Professor of Providence University. Lin serves as consultant of many telecommunications companies including FarEasTone and Chung Hwa Telecom. Lin is an IEEE Fellow.     

浅谈无线接入技术

无线接入技术可分为模拟无一接入技术和数字无线接入技术,数字无线接入系统又有多种解决方案,包括数字直接扩频技术、ＧＳＭ、ＣＤＭＡ、ＤＥＣＴ、ＰＨＳ和ＳＣＤＭＡ等。     

使用ZigBee无线传感器网和异构无线接入网的卫生保健系统

这篇论文推出了一种基于ZigBee技术的可穿戴传感器网络的无所不在的卫生保健系统,详细阐明了其系统结构及组成部分。用此结构收集和传送病人的生理数据与环境参数给卫生保健中心。这个基于异构无线接入网的病人监测系统,集成多个无线技术,在病人移动的情况下,支持连续的,任意时间,任意地点的用户愿意的生理监测。并针对该系统作了硬件与软件的设计。     

SYN-MAC: A Distributed Medium Access Control Protocol for Synchronized Wireless Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol, called SYN-MAC (for SYNchronized MAC), based on a binary countdown approach tailored for wireless networks. SYN-MAC has several attractive features such as simplicity, robustness, high efficiency, fairness, and quality of service capability. We evaluate SYN-MAC in terms of collision probability, system throughput, and packet delay, via both analysis and simulation. Our results show that, with properly chosen parameters, SYN-MAC can achieve a very low collision probability, packet delay tolerance, and extremely high channel efficiency (of > 90%) under a wide range of traffic load. As a result, SYN-MAC may serve as an alternative to IEEE 802.11 for the wireless stations in synchronized networks.This work is supported in part by National Science Foundation CAREER Award under Award Number CNS-0347686, by U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) under Award Number DE-FG02-04ER46136, and by Board of Regents, State of Louisiana under Contract Number No. DOE/LEQSF(2004-07)-ULL and LEQSF(2003-06)-RD-A-37. Part of this work was presented in the student poster session of IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP) 2003, Atlanta, GA.Hongyi Wu is currently a tenure-track Assistant Professor in the Center for Advanced Computer Studies (CACS), University of Louisiana (UL) at Lafayette. He received his Ph.D. degree in computer science and M.S. degree in electrical engineering from State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo in 2002 and 2000, respectively. He received his B.S. degree in scientific instruments from Zhejiang University in 1996. His research interests include wireless mobile ad hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, next generation cellular systems, and integrated heterogeneous wireless systems. He has served as symposium chair, session chair, and technical committee member of several IEEE conferences, and a guest editor of ACM MONET special issue on Integration of Heterogeneous Wireless Technologies. He has published more than two dozens of technical papers in leading journals and conference proceedings.Anant P. Utgikar (S’03) graduated with B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering from IIT—Bombay in 2001. He received M.S. in Computer Engineering from Univ. of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette) in 2003. Presently he is working towards Ph.D. at UL Lafayette. His research interests include computer networking, logic design, software, simulation, mobile computing and distributed systems. His contributions to network simulator NS2 were ranked in top-5 of over 240,000 pages by Google. He has won many programming competitions, IEEE, IEE technical paper presentation contests as undergraduate and High School Science-Math Olympiads in India. He was honored by Govt. of India for outstanding performance at national level in XII-th. He has authored a book chapter on Reservation Based MAC protocols. He has published in IEEE ICNP’03, IEEE SiPS’03 and IEEE CAMP’03. He was invited with travel grant to NS2 workshop’02 at USC/ISI, ICNP’03 and SiPS’03. He has been in organizing team of IEEE CAMP 2003 and CyberSecurity Workshop 2003. He has served as Reviewer for IEEE-VTC and ACM-MONET. He has held positions of Student Government Senator and Secretary, Graduate Students Organization at UL Lafayette. He has contributed as volunteer to National Science-Technology-Math ESTME Week organised by NSF and DoE, USA.Nian-Feng Tzeng received the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Since 1987, he has been with Center for Advanced Computer Studies, the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, where he is currently a professor. His current research interest is in the areas of computer communications and networks, high-performance computer systems, parallel and distributed processing and fault-tolerant computing. He was on the editorial board of the IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 1998–2001, and on the editorial board of the IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1994–1998. He served as a Distinguished Visitor of the IEEE Computer Society, 1994–1997, and was the Chair of Technical Committee on Distributed Processing, the IEEE Computer Society, from 1999 till 2002. He has been on the technical program committees of various conferences and will serve as the Technical Program Chair of the 10th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, July 2004.Dr. Tzeng is the recipient of the outstanding paper award of the 10th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, May 1990. He received the University Foundation Distinguished Professor Award in 1997.     

On Channel Adaptive Multiple Access Control without Contention Queue for Wireless Multimedia Services

As tetherless multimedia computing environments are becoming much desired, broadband wireless communication infrastructures for providing wireless multimedia services will play an important role, and thus, are expected to proliferate. However, despite much research efforts have been expended, the multiple access control of the precious bandwidth remains a challenging problem because of the existence of two common drawbacks in the state-of-the-art protocols: (1) channel condition is ignored or not exploited, and (2) inflexible or biased time slots allocation algorithms are used. Indeed, existing protocols mostly ignore the burst errors due to fading and shadowing, which are inevitable in a mobile and wireless communication environment. A few protocols take into account the burst errors but just handle the errors in a passive manner. Most of the existing protocols employ an inflexible or biased allocation algorithm such that over-provisioning may occur for a certain class of users at the expense of the poor service quality received by other users. In this paper, a new MAC protocol, called SCAMA (synergistic channel adaptive multiple access) is proposed. The proposed protocol works closely with the underlying physical layer in that through observing the channel state information (CSI) of each mobile user, the MAC protocol first segregates a set of users with good CSI from requests gathered in the request contention phase of an uplink frame. The MAC protocol then judiciously allocates information time slots to the users according to the respective traffic types, CSI, urgency, and throughput, which are collectively represented by a novel and flexible priority function. Despite that contention request queue is not used in the protocol, the SCAMA protocol is robust in that it can avoid the congestion collapse which occur in other protocols.     

分布式系统中的安全访问控制

本文主要讨论如何利用现代密码技术实现分布式系统中的安全访问控制。     

无线传感器网络中有效的安全数据融合机制

在无线传感器网络中,数据融合是实现有效传输和节省能源的一个重要途径,许多应用都需要可靠并且可信的数据来进行融合.针对上述要求,提出了一个新的安全数据融合算法来保证融合数据的机密性和完整性.算法使用端到端加密和逐跳加密相结合的方式进行数据传输,通过认证过程进行恶意节点及伪造数据的检测.仿真表明,提出的算法能够有效地检测出恶意节点,并保证融合结果的准确性.     

QoS Performance Bounds and Efficient Connection Admission Control for Heterogeneous Services in Wireless Cellular Networks

Quality-of-Service (QoS) performance and connection admission control (CAC) for heterogeneous services in wireless multiple access networks are investigated. The heterogeneous services include constant bit rate (CBR), variable bit rate (VBR) and available bit rate (ABR) services. Multiple access control is handled by a polling-based scheme with non-preemptive priority. Tight delay variation (jitter) bounds for CBR connections and delay bounds for VBR connections are derived. A CAC scheme based on the derived bounds is developed. The CAC makes use of user mobility information to reserve an appropriate amount of system resources for potential handoff connections to achieve low handoff connection dropping rate (HCDR). Simulation results show that the proposed CAC scheme can achieve both low HCDR and high resource utilization.     

基于高能效无线接入网的绿色无线通信关键技术研究

目前,无线通信网络的巨大能耗及其产生的环境问题已经成为通信业乃至全社会关注的焦点。绿色无线通信旨在提高无线通信网络能源使用效率、显著降低网络能耗,受到学术界及业界的普遍关注,业已成为全球通信行业的研究热点。本文从无线通信网络能耗出发,分析了无线通信网络的能耗组成,明确了无线接入网是全网能耗的重点优化目标,并进一步从器件级、链路级和网络级3个层面,全面剖析了基于无线接入网的绿色无线通信基本原理、方法以及通信行业广泛关注的核心技术,力图建立高能效无线接入网络,显著优化无线通信网络能耗。     

M－DQCA：可调信道访问光波网介质访问控制协议

本文提出了一种可调信道访问光波网以及适合于该网的介质访问控制协议Ｍ－ＤＱＣＡ，利用波分复用技术将双总线光波网分成多个并行信道，用一个信道专门传输等时业务和请求信息，使网络管理得到简化；利用时隙重用技术，提高了网络的吞吐量；拥塞控制方法与多跳网相比简单得多，各用户只需根据本站缓存的情况来控制输入业务的流量。计算机仿真表明，Ｍ－ＤＱＣＡ光波网具有很好的性能。     

基于PKI的MANET访问控制研究

由于移动自组织网络（MANET）的分布式、多跳和自组织的特点,使得节点的身份无法区分,导致恶意节点与自私节点大量存在,接入和访问权限控制成为这个网络结构安全性能的一个瓶颈,而日趋成熟的PKI/PMI（公钥基础设施/授权管理基础设施）体系能够在这方面提供必要的安全平台支撑。这里基于PKI/PMI分析了其在MANET中的应用前景,并根据MANET的特点对原有的模型进行了研究。     

无线传感器网络拓扑控制策略研究

节能设计是无线传感器网络的首要设计目标,拓扑控制是实现该目标的重要技术之一,其主要目标是在保证网络连通和覆盖的前提下剔除不必要的通信链路,降低节点能耗和减少通信干扰,为MAC协议和路由协议的顺利执行提供基础。文中对传感器网络拓扑控制策略进行了的分析。最后针对目前传感器节点成本仍然很高这一特点,通过仿真得出了在节点随机配置的情况下,保证网络连通和覆盖所需的至少节点数目。并通过仿真分析证明了方案的可行性。