单等级片烟箱式存贮系统的设计与应用

为满足卷烟制丝环节单等级片烟预处理的工艺要求,解决传统柜式片烟存贮占地面积大、贮柜数量多、贮柜型号不统一等问题,通过合理设计系统的装箱方式、存贮形式、翻箱形式及料箱结构,采用实时含水率折算与静态秤计量组合技术,设计了单等级片烟箱式存贮系统。应用效果表明,该系统存贮能力为1900料位(每料位120～150 kg),满足了卷烟生产企业精细化加工处理工艺要求,保证了各等级片烟的精确配比,配比精度提高0.29百分点,生产用煤降低5.46×105kg/年,片烟造碎率减少0.17百分点,有效提升了叶组配方精度的保证能力,提高了系统单位空间存贮密度,实现了分组加工模式下片烟存贮与配比过程的柔性化生产。     

箱内片烟密度偏差率在线检测与控制系统

采用9点法对箱内片烟密度偏差率(Density Variation Rate,DVR)进行检测,对烟箱具有破坏性,而且是滞后性检测,无法解决在生产过程中箱内片烟DVR过大问题。为此,开发了在线箱内片烟,DVR自动检测与控制系统。采用片烟DVR检测仪对打包后片烟箱的DVR进行检测,得到9个点的密度值、DVR值和标准偏差值,分别将烟箱宽度方向(X)和长度方向(Y)各点的密度平均值与9点密度平均值进行对比,即得出密度值偏差。通过调节PID调整X方向上均料板的角度,以及Y方向上布料板的汽缸行程,即可实现片烟,DVR的自动控制。加装该控制系统后,箱内片烟,DVR指标合格率明显提高,DVR≤10的片烟占91.4%,DVR15的仅占0.45%,有效避免了9点取样法对成品烟箱的破坏,消除了密度检测的滞后性,保证了烟叶醇化质量。     

烟包喷码图像自动检测控制系统的设计与应用

在卷烟包装过程中,喷码机连续喷码时会出现数码漏喷、模糊、缺字、移位等现象,而卷烟包装机无法将不合格喷码烟包剔除。为此设计了烟包喷码图像自动检测控制系统,该系统利用智能照相机采集喷印在包装膜上的数码,对采集到的数码进行智能化处理判断,并将检测结果信号传送至PLC控制系统,对不合格喷码烟包进行剔除。ZB43硬盒包装机安装烟包喷码图像自动检测控制系统后,实现了对烟包防伪数码的实时检测,能够及时发现喷码不合格烟包并进行报警和剔除,喷码不合格烟包返修频次由每月约12次/台减少为0次,喷码不合格烟包剔除率达到了99%以上,保证了卷烟产品质量。     

打叶复烤成品片烟在线降温系统的设计与应用

为解决复压打包环节中因成品片烟与环境温度存在差异而造成局部片烟含水率超标等问题,采用真空降温技术设计了一种打叶复烤成品片烟在线降温系统。将原平板式打包压头改为安装有真空吸口的空腔压头,在空腔压头下行复压打包时将烟箱中的湿热空气从真空吸口抽出,从而降低烟箱内部温度,减少高温高湿气体蓄积,避免在塑料内膜袋内侧形成冷凝水;增加反吹扫装置,避免片烟或烟末进入真空管道。以咸阳烟叶复烤有限责任公司生产的成品烟箱为对象进行测试,结果表明：使用降温系统后,成品烟箱局部片烟含水率超标比例降低1.995百分点,烟箱平均温度下降3.12℃;节约人工费用约1.5万元/万箱,节约采暖蒸汽费用约24万元/年。该技术可为提高打叶复烤生产质量和降低生产成本提供支持。     

烟支重量的重要性及其相关性

系统地分析了烟支重量与烟丝质量、烟支密度、消耗及卷烟感官质量之间的关系.烟丝质量对烟支重量有直接影响;烟支重量的控制主要取决于烟支密度的控制;烟支重量设定与烟支硬度及吸阻成正相关关系;烟支重量对原辅材料消耗起主导作用;在卷烟产品配方确定、烟支规格确定及烟支含水率一定的情况下,卷烟感官质量与烟支重量有关,适当降低烟支重量可以改善卷烟的感官质量且可以降低焦油生成量.     

烟丝含水率对细支卷烟的影响

考察了烟丝含水率对细支卷烟烟支物理性能、烟支内部烟丝结构分布、烟支静燃速率、抽吸时燃烧锥落头率、卷烟主流烟气释放和感官质量的影响。结果表明,细支卷烟烟丝含水率为11.5%~13.8%,在卷烟单重一致的情况下,烟丝结构分布、卷烟抽吸时燃烧锥落头率以及感官抽吸品质受烟丝含水率影响大。烟丝含水率增大,烟丝抗造碎性能增强,烟支中大尺寸烟丝所占比例增加,烟末减少,卷烟抽吸时燃烧锥落头现象明显减轻;烟丝含水率从11.5%增加到12.9%,燃烧锥落头率可从65%降低至30%。烟丝含水率过高会导致卷烟烟气浓度减小,满足感降低。此外,烟丝含水率增大,细支卷烟的烟支硬度、烟支静燃速率、烟气焦油和烟碱释放量也会发生细微的变化。综上,建议细支卷烟生产过程中烟丝含水率尽量控制在12.5%~12.9%。     

湖南烤烟物理性状比较及聚类评价

采集湖南主产烟区B2F、C3F、X2F 3个等级烟叶样本186份,通过测定烟叶物理性状,对湖南烤烟物理性状评价指标进行了比较分析和聚类评价.结果表明,开片度和含梗率的变异系数小,叶片厚度、单叶重、叶质重、叶密度和平衡含水率的变异系数相对较大;开片度、单叶重、含梗率、叶片厚度和叶质重等级间差异极显著,叶密度和平衡含水率等级间差异不显著;含梗率、叶片厚度、叶质重和平衡含水率生态区域间差异显著,开片度、单叶重和叶密度生态区域间差异不显著;开片度、叶片厚度、叶质重、叶密度和平衡含水率地区间差异显著,单叶重和含梗率地区间差异不显著;通过聚类分析将湖南烤烟物理性状分为5种类型,各类型具有不同的工业用途.     

烟丝含水率对卷烟燃吸品质、烟气水分及粒相物挥发性成分的影响

为了解影响不同含水率卷烟抽吸品质差异的因素,研究了不同相对湿度下平衡的卷烟烟丝含水率、燃吸品质、烟气粒相与气相水分及总粒相物挥发性成分的变化.结果表明:①随着平衡的环境相对湿度由30%上升到70%,烟丝含水率由8.28%上升到18.79%,卷烟的燃吸品质亦发生差、好、差的变化.其中,含水率12.25%和14.34%卷烟的燃吸品质均较好,含水率8.28%、9.13%、18.79%卷烟均较差;②随着烟丝含水率的升高,卷烟烟气粒相水分及气相水分均呈上升趋势,但气相水分的上升幅度较大;③总粒相物和烟碱含量随烟丝含水率增大而少量减少,CO量则明显增加;④含水率8.28%、12.25%和18.79%卷烟烟气粒相中均鉴定出相同的70种挥发性成分,但含水率8.28%卷烟的易挥发性化学成分含量较含水率12.25%卷烟高,而含水率18.79%卷烟则偏低.因此,含水率12%～14%卷烟具有较好的燃吸品质,环境湿度或烟丝含水率是影响卷烟烟气水分(尤其是气相水分)和低分子量易挥发性成分,乃至感官质量的重要因素.     

仓储片烟霉变的影响因素分析

利用单因素与正交试验相结合的方法,研究了环境温度、湿度和片烟含水率对片烟霉变的影响。结果表明,环境湿度和片烟含水率是影响片烟霉变的关键因素。空气相对湿度70%,且片烟含水率15%以下,片烟未发生霉变。在环境湿度75%～80%,片烟含水率低于19%,片烟易发生轻度霉变。环境湿度高于80%,或空气相对湿度75%,片烟含水率高于19%时,片烟极易发生霉变。     

一种可在线运行的烟包含水率检测仪

在打叶复烤厂片烟打包后使用微波水分检测仪 ,可实现对烟包含水率的实时监控。该检测仪无须分牌号标定 ,一条标定线完全适合于所有牌号片烟烟包的测量 ,而且还具有分段面检测烟包含水率的功能 ,可以及时剔除局部含水率不合格的烟包     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press