用带蚁群搜索的多种群遗传算法求解作业车间调度问题

结合遗传算法和蚁群算法的优点，提出一种带蚁群搜索的多种群遗传算法．多个种群各自遗传进化，用蚁群搜索得到的解替代各种群中的较劣个体，增加种群的多样性，提高种群的质量；根据各种群最优个体设定初始信息素，大大缩短信息素的累积过程，加快蚁群搜索的速度．利用算法对典型作业车间调度问题进行求解,仿真计算结果表明,该算法是有效的.     

求解多目标作业车间调度问题的混合变异杂草优化算法

针对多目标作业车间调度问题,提出一种混合变异杂草优化算法。该算法采用基于各子目标熵值权重的欧氏贴近度作为适应度值计算方法,引导种群向Pareto前端进化。在进化过程中,运用快速非支配排序策略构建Pareto档案,并利用进化种群中最优个体实时更新Pareto最优解集,提升算法的优化性能;同时通过引入变异算子增加种群多样性,避免算法陷入局部最优。最后,基于Benchmark算例的仿真实验,验证了该算法求解多目标作业车间调度问题的有效性。     

混流车间调度问题的多对染色体遗传算法求解

混流车间调度问题有很强的工程背景,一直是调度领域的研究热点。针对简单遗传算法在求解混流车间调度问题时存在的早熟收敛和易陷入局部极值点的现象,提出了多对染色体遗传算法。多对染色体提供了保留低适应度个体中的有用的染色体的功能,这一染色体构成最优解的部分染色体,以增强算法的搜索能力,提高搜索精度;连锁互换交叉算子可以增加个体的多样性,扩展解的搜索空间,进而增强算法的抗早熟能力。仿真实验表明,多对染色体遗传算法比简单遗传算法提高了全局收敛性能,是解决混流车间调度问题的有效方法。     

最优子种群遗传算法求解柔性流水车间调度问题

为了验证最优子种群遗传算法在解决柔性流水车间调度问题时相比于传统遗传算法的优越性,分析了柔性流水车间调度问题的特点,并运用一种新的编码方法和新的遗传算法求解了该问题。考虑到最优个体保护策略法对复杂问题容易使种群收敛陷入局部最优解,为了提高精度、加快较优个体的产生并避免陷入局部最优解,首先提出了一种合理、全面的编码方法,并运用最优子种群遗传算法来求解柔性流水车间调度问题。最后运用实例验证了最优子种群遗传算法的有效性、优越性和编码方式的合理性。     

变邻域遗传算法在车间物流调度中的应用

针对含有自动引导小车(Automated Guided Vehicle,AGV)的离散化车间物流调度问题,以最小化物流任务时间惩罚成本和最小化运载小车的总行驶距离为优化目标,构建离散化车间多目标物流调度优化模型,设计一种基于Pareto寻优的多目标混合变邻域搜索遗传算法(VNSGA-II).以遗传算法为基础,通过使用NSGA-II的Pareto分层和拥挤度计算方法评估种群优劣实现多目标优化,为了提高算法的寻优能力,避免算法陷入局部最优,通过添加保优记忆库对精英个体进行保护,并利用变邻域搜索算法在搜索过程中的局部寻优能力,针对本文模型特点,设计6个随机邻域结构,来达到算法求解最优值的目标.并提出了基于关键AGV小车的插入邻域和基于关键物流任务的交换邻域调整策略以进一步降低成本.最后,以某离散车间物流调度为实例,分别使用VNSGA-II、带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(Nondominated Sorting Genetic AlgorithmⅡ,NSGA-II)和强Pareto进化算法(Strong Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2,SPEA2)对问题进行求解,计算结果表明,VNSGA-II能得到更好的Pareto解集,验证了算法的有效性和可行性.     

基于QPSO算法的作业车间调度问题的研究

针对现行的遗传算法存在进化速度过慢和过早收敛的局限,以及粒子群优化算法搜索空间有限、容易陷入局部最优点的缺陷,提出将一种基于量子行为的粒子群优化算法应用于作业车间调度问题.将该问题中的每个调度组成一个多维向量,以此向量作为量子粒子群优化算法中的粒子进行进化,由此在解空间内搜索最优解.实例仿真结果表明,该算法收敛速度快、全局收敛性能好,可以得到比遗传算法、粒子群优化算法更佳的调度效果,证明了算法的有效性.     

基于遗传算法的航空零件加工柔性车间调度研究

车间调度问题计算复杂,约束条件度,一般算法难以实现全局搜索,算法比较容易陷入局部最优。通过对柔性车间调度问题的深入研究,采用遗传算法进行柔性车间调度,使一个个体可以表达全部零件加工顺序,并用适应度函数平价个体好坏。种群通过选择算子、交叉算子和变异算子不断进化,最终得到最优的柔性车间调度方法。通过仿真试验表明,该算法能够有效地进行车间调度。     

求解多目标流水车间调度Pareto最优解的遗传强化算法

针对多目标流水车间调度Pareto最优问题, 本文建立了以最大完工时间和最大拖延时间为优化目标的多目标流水车间调度问题模型, 并设计了一种基于Q-learning的遗传强化学习算法求解该问题的Pareto最优解. 该算法引入状态变量和动作变量, 通过Q-learning算法获得初始种群, 以提高初始解质量. 在算法进化过程中, 利用Q表指导变异操作, 扩大局部搜索范围. 采用Pareto快速非支配排序以及拥挤度计算提高解的质量以及多样性, 逐步获得Pareto最优解. 通过与遗传算法、NSGA-II算法和Q-learning算法进行对比实验, 验证了改进后的遗传强化算法在求解多目标流水车间调度问题Pareto最优解的有效性.     

基于自适应退火遗传算法的车间日作业计划调度方法

遗传算法、模拟退火算法、最优个体保护法在全局收敛性、种群早熟化、收敛速度慢等方面存在应用缺陷.文中提出了自适应退火遗传算法解决车间日作业计划的调度问题.该算法针对遗传算法中组成编码串的变异概率在整个搜索过程中是固定不变的,而且取值较小,促使算法的求解过程很长,且易走向局部最小值,提出自适应变异概率的概念与理论改善遗传算法的收敛速度;针对选择算子对种群多样性的影响,提出整体退火选择的方式(Boltzmann概率选择机制)选择杂交母体,以克服种群早熟化,避免过早收敛.最后结合车间日作业计划静态调度模型给出求解算法和求解实例.     

改进的蚁群算法求解多目标车间作业调度问题

目前已经有许多解决作业车间调度问题的启发式求解方法,但这些方法多数局限于单目标,因此不能满足现实生活中多目标作业车间调度问题的应用需求.提出一种改进的蚁群算法启发式地搜索多目标车间作业调度问题的近似最优解以满足实际的应用需求.通过对转移概率以及信息素更新方式进行改进,并融合交叉策略,确保算法在加快搜索收敛速度的同时又避免陷入局部最优.仿真实验证明,改进的算法具有较好的性能,能够解决实际生活中的多目标作业车间调度问题.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。