NiTi形状记忆合金拉伸变形失稳研究

介绍镍钛形状记忆合金发生应力诱发马氏体相变时的宏观失稳现象,研究微观晶粒内相变(材料失稳)因自催化效应逾渗到宏观水平所表现的类L櫣ders变形带演化(变形失稳),同步测量应力-应变响应、表面形貌和表面温度,跟踪了不同热-机械复合加载条件下构件力学行为的变化.从能量学角度对观察到的变形失稳现象进行理论分析.实验结果表明,宏观变形带的相貌演化与力学响应密切相关,探讨了建立该类材料的本构关系.     

NiTi形状记忆合金激光气体氮化层表面特征

为改善NiTi合金的表面性能，利用2kW连续波Nd：YAG对NiTi合金进行激光气体氮化处理。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS和纳米压痕研究了氮化层的显微组织及表面特征．结果表明：激光气体氮化可以在NiTi合金表面制备连续、无裂纹、厚度为2μm的TiN表面层，该表面层中基本不合有Ni元素且具有很高的硬度，其纳米压痕硬度为29．28GPa．     

Constitutive behavior of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy under hot compression

Constitutive behavior of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (Ni-Ti SMA) under hot deformation was investigated by means of the compression tests and the linear fitting method. Based on the true stress-strain curves of Ni-Ti SMA under compression at the strain rates of 0.001-1s -1 and at the temperatures ranging from 600 to 1 000℃, the constitutive equation of Ni-Ti SMA with respect to the Zener-Hollomon parameter was established according to the high stress level and the low stress level at various temperatures so as to more accurately describe the deformation behavior of Ni-Ti SMA during hot working. Dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of Ni-Ti SMA occur under hot compression, which lays the theoretical foundation for understanding the constitutive behavior of Ni-Ti SMA.     

Microstructural evolution of plastic deformation of NiTi shape memory alloy at low temperature

Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi SMA) which possesses crystal structure of B2 austenite at room temperature was subjected to plastic deformation at low temperature (?150 °C) by means of local canning compression. The microstructural evolution of NiTi SMA at the different deformation degree was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). At the deformation degree by 15%, a high density of dislocations occurs in the deformed NiTi sample. At the deformation degree by 25%, the deformed NiTi sample exhibits the martensite morphology due to the pinning of dislocations at the grain boundaries. At the deformation degree by 50%, a small amount of nanocrystalline phase arises in the deformed NiTi sample. At the deformation degree by 80%, severe plastic deformation (SPD) leads to the occurrence of a great deal of amorphous and nanocrystalline phase.     

电场作用下HAP/NiTi形状记忆合金复合材料制备工艺研究

为改善NiTi形状记忆合金的耐蚀性和生物相容性,利用外加交变电场的作用在合金表面沉积羟基磷灰石(HAP)涂层,从而制得HAP/NiTi形状记忆合金复合材料.实验探讨了交变电场的电压、频率和作用时间对NiTi形状记忆合金表面沉积羟基磷灰石涂层的影响.结果表明:随着电场电压、电流频率和作用时间的增加,NiTi合金表面钙磷涂层的厚度逐渐增加,组织变得均匀致密,但若频率过大,时间过长则涂层反而被破坏,故确定最佳电场作用参数为300V+20Hz+5h.涂层呈疏松多孔的羽针状结构,经XRD检测其组织主要为羟基磷灰石,且在模拟体液中具有较好的生物稳定性.     

薄壁曲母线TC4钛合金构件热旋模拟与试验研究

采用有限元法对大尺寸薄壁曲母线TC4钛合金构件旋压成形进行模拟计算,分析旋压不同阶段坯料应力应变状态和缺陷产生的原因,并初步优化了工艺参数.结果表明,旋压不同阶段、不同部位坯料的应力应变状态和变形方式不同,模拟工艺参数进给比f=1.0m/r、旋轮攻角 a=20°、旋轮轨迹为凹圆弧、旋轮圆角半径R=20 mm、芯轴转速ω1=60r/min 时易成形.在有限元数值模拟基础上,成功旋制高精度试验件,证实有限元模拟对旋压具有指导意义.     

钙化液对NiTi形状记忆合金表面HAP涂层形貌的影响

为改善NiTi形状记忆合金的使用安全性,利用外加电场处理技术在其表面涂覆羟基磷灰石涂层。试验研究钙化液的浓度、浸泡时间对涂层形貌的影响及涂层生成过程中溶液pH值的变化情况。结果表明：获得最佳形貌涂层的钙化液浓度为Ca^2＋3．10mmol／L、K＋ 4．64mmol／L、Na＋126．8mmol／L、Cl-144．5mmol／L、HPO4^-1 1．86mmol／L,作用时间为7d;涂层生产过程中,溶液的pH值显著降低后缓慢变化至某一稳定值。     

钽对NiTi形状记忆合金影响的研究

本文研究了钽对ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金的马氏体相变特征及Ｘ射线可视性的影响．结果表明,当钽含量从０增加到４ａｔ％时,其相变温度迅速增加,钽含量超过４ａｔ％时,则趋于缓慢;含钽合金可降低ＮｉＴｉ合金相变温度对ＮｉＴｉ相对含量变化的敏感性;钽的加入可改善ＮｉＴｉ双相合金的Ｘ射线可视性．     

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Equiatomic NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

To protect the surface of NiTi from corrosion, an ion implantation method was proposed. In the present work, a surface oxidized sample was implanted with nitrogen at energy of 100 keV. The corrosion resistarwe property was examined by the anodic polarization method in a simulated body fluid （SBF） at a temperature of 37 ℃ and contrasted to non-implanted NiTi samples. The composition and structure of the implanted layers were investigated by XPS. The experimental results from the electrochemical measurements provide an evidence that the nitrogen ion-implantation increases the corrosion resistance of NiTi shape memory alloy.     

双程形状记忆效应的唯象动力学模型

构造可以用于描述一维结构的形状记忆合金（SMA）的双程形状记忆效应的唯象动力学模型. 该模型基于与形状记忆合金中热弹性相变有关的唯象理论,将应力场和热场下的滞回环曲线视为马氏体相变和马氏体变体重构在宏观层面上的表现. 为了模拟温度诱发的相变,构造非凸自由能函数,使得函数的每个局部平衡对应于相变过程中的一个相. 在外部负载（力或者热）的作用下,可以通过模拟系统状态（应变）在不同平衡态之间的转变,研究温度诱发的相变. 相变动力学的控制方程采用拉格朗日方程,以非线性微分方程来表示. 利用非线性常微分方程描述单程形状记忆效应,通过对不同相变过程的加权组合描述双程形状记忆效应. 开展有关力和热负载下的数值实验,模拟热和应力诱发的相变以及热负载下与单程形状记忆效应和双程形状记忆效应有关的滞回环,模拟马氏体重构所导致的单滞回环以及超弹性效应所引起的双滞回环. 从实验结果可以看出,双程形状记忆效应及超弹性效应均可以被提出的模型成功捕捉,验证了该模型的描述能力.     

形状记忆合金迟滞模型

基于实验测试,结合Preisach理论研究了形状记忆合金(Shape memory alloy,SMA)丝驱动器的迟滞建模。首先,依赖于SMA材料受输入电压作用引起的温升变化诱发材料相变输出位移量,设计了SMA丝特性测试平台,记录了驱动过程中的输入、输出变化量,得到理论模型参数辨识的数据集合。然后,讨论了SMA丝的输入电压、温度变化与形状记忆效应产生的材料宏观位移间的迟滞关系。最后,引入Preisach理论,由推导的经典Preisach理论的修正形式和数值实现方法构造了SMA驱动器温度量和位移的迟滞模型。结果表明:与试验数据比较,Matlab环境仿真得到的SMA迟滞曲线,匹配性较好,为进一步的系统设计分析奠定了基础。     

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloy

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect (SME) of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloys was studied by bent measurement, thermal cycle training, SEM etc. Results of study indicate that the alloys with high Mn content (25%) appeare better SME, especially in lower strain. SME improves evidently when Si is higher content, especially it‘s range firm 3% up to 4%.But brittleness of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE alloy increases by increasing the Si content. SME of the alloy is weakening gradually as carbon content increases under small strain (3%). But in the condition of large strain (above 6%), SME of the alloy whose carbon content ranges from 0.1% to 0.12% shows small decreasing range, especially of alloy with the addition of compound RE.     

筒形件正强旋旋压力分布规律的有限元分析

筒形件强力旋压时旋压力３个分量及其分布规律是确定设备功率及结构参数的重要依据。采用三维弹塑性有限元法对筒形件强力旋压工艺进行了分析,得到了正旋时变形区接触面上旋压力３个分量的分布规律,计算结果与叶山实测结果吻合较好,为合理选择工艺参数,提高产品的尺寸精度提供了理论依据。     

基于形状记忆合金的自复位摩擦耗能支撑滞回性能

针对基于形状记忆合金(SMA)的自复位摩擦耗能支撑,提出了简化分析模型,研究了其在往复荷载作用下的滞回性能.首先通过理论推导,得出了往复荷载作用下自复位摩擦耗能支撑的力-位移曲线,提出了简化的滞回模型,然后通过参数分析研究了各参数对其滞回性能的影响.结果表明:自复位摩擦耗能支撑在卸载后存在一定的残余位移,其大小仅与阻尼器元件摩擦力及SMA元件奥氏体弹性刚度有关;自复位摩擦耗能支撑的滞回性能可采用修正的FS(Flag-shaped)模型来描述;SMA元件屈服力及耗能参数对自复位摩擦耗能支撑的滞回性能影响较大,奥氏体弹性刚度及屈服后刚度系数影响较小;增加阻尼器元件的摩擦力,可显著增强自复位摩擦耗能支撑的耗能能力,但会产生残余位移.     

SMA被动隔震装置及其阻尼性能研究

形状记忆合金(SMA)在伪弹性阶段具有较好的阻尼性能，利用这一特点，本文提出了一种SMA被动隔震装置，通过对SMA元件的合理布置，使隔震体系获得可观的耗能能力和震后复位的功能，为了验证上述体系的有效性，本文根据SMA的热力学本构关系，建立了热力学非线性方程的求解方法，并且绾制了计算机分析程序进行了实例计算，结果表明，上述隔震体系具有较好的工作性能。     

TC4钛合金旋压有限元数值模拟分析

采用有限元法对薄壁曲母线TC4钛合金构件旋压成形进行了模拟计算，分析了旋压不同阶段坯料应力应变状态和旋压工艺参数对旋压成形的影响，并初步优化了工艺参数，在有限元数值模拟基础上，成功旋制了高精度试验件．试验结果表明，有限元模拟对旋压具有指导意义，可以提高旋压合格率，降低研制成本，并缩短研制周期．     

Fe—Mn—Si基形状记忆合金及其应用

介绍了形状记忆合金的简要发展史,Fe-Mn-Si合金的形状记忆机理以及合金的主要元素组成,各成分的作用,提高记忆的方法,分析了其应用情况和前景。     

Experimental investigation on shape memory alloy metal rubber

Shape memory alloy metal rubber(SMAMR)is a novel intelligent elastic damping material which can realize the integration of structure and function.The investigations on the anisotropic mechanical characteristics which depended on shaping craft and working temperature were conducted by quasi-static tests.Comparative experiments indicated that the heat setting temperature affect the elastic modulus non-monotonously but has little effect on the loss factor of SMAMR in both martensite and austenite phases.With the increase of the heat setting time,the elastic modulus of SMAMR monotonously decreases and the reduction of loss factor is unobvious.With the present shaping craft,SMAMR exhibits the anisotropy in moulding and non-moulding directions,which is affected by the heat setting process and working temperature.It was proved that the mechanical properties have approximately linear relationship with temperature during the phase transition process.Due to its temperature-dependent mechanical properties,SMAMR that experiences the heat setting procedure is expected to be used in active vibration control systems with varying temperature-dependent stiffness and damping coefficients to provide superior vibration control performance.     

基于有限元计算的形状记忆合金-金属玻璃复合材料变形行为

利用有限元模拟方法,研究了拉伸-卸载预应变对形状记忆合金-金属玻璃复合材料力学行为的影响及其内在机理.结果表明:预处理应变增加,形状记忆合金-金属玻璃复合材料的屈服强度及弹性应变极限均提高,但拉伸延展性急剧下降.预应变增加导致形状记忆合金颗粒第二次加载时的变形行为由典型的马氏体相变过渡为连续的马氏体相变,甚至表现为纯马氏体相的弹性变形.这一"相变效应"的减弱甚至消失,是形状记忆合金-金属玻璃复合材料经拉伸-卸载预处理后拉伸性能退化的直接原因.