MQ树脂补强加成型室温硫化硅橡胶的性能研究

以MQ树脂为补强剂制备加成型室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶,研究硅氢基(SiH)与硅乙烯基(SiVi)摩尔比、乙烯基硅油配比及MQ树脂用量对加成型RTV硅橡胶物理性能和电绝缘性能的影响.结果表明,当SiH/SiVi摩尔比为1.2～1.4、乙烯基质量分数为0.007和0.02的乙烯基硅油的质量比为7/1、MQ树脂用量为25份时,所制备的加成型RTV硅橡胶具有良好的物理性能和电绝缘性能.     

加成型液体乙烯基硅橡胶的研制Ⅰ.乙烯基硅油等对物理机械性能的影响

考察了乙烯基硅油及含氢硅油对加成型液体乙烯基硅橡胶物理机械性能的影响。结果表明，在100份乙烯基硅橡胶中加入10份乙烯基质量分数为10％的硅油，4.6份含氢硅油，用20份经表面处理的白炭黑增强，可得到拉伸强度为3.8MPa，撕裂强度为7.6kN/m，扯断伸长率为162％的乙烯基硅橡胶。     

加成型透明液体硅橡胶的研制

以乙烯基硅油和含氢硅油为基础聚合物、六甲基二硅氮烷为改性剂、气相法二氧化硅为补强填料、羟基硅油为结构化控制剂、乙烯基MQ硅树脂为附属补强剂制备了加成型透明液体硅橡胶。研究了六甲基二硅氮烷、气相法二氧化硅、羟基硅油、乙烯基MQ硅树脂用量对硅橡胶透光率的影响。结果表明:当气相法二氧化硅用量达到30份以后,随着其用量的增加,硅橡胶的透光率逐渐提高;随着六甲基二硅氮烷、乙烯基MQ硅树脂用量的增加,硅橡胶的透光率逐渐提高;随着羟基硅油用量的增加,硅橡胶的透光率也逐渐提高,但当羟基硅油用量超过5份后,其透光率开始下降。较佳配方为:100份乙烯基硅油,6份六甲基二硅氮烷,40份气相法二氧化硅,5份羟基硅油,15份乙烯基MQ硅树脂。按此配方制得的硅橡胶的透光率为90. 5%。     

高撕裂强度加成型医用液体硅橡胶的研制

以八甲环四硅氧烷(D_4)或二甲基环硅氧烷混合物(DMC)及四甲基四乙烯环四硅氧烷为原料、1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二乙烯基硅氧烷或六甲基二硅氧烷为封端剂,经催化聚合制得不同乙烯基含量的乙烯基硅油;以酸催化合成了含氢硅油;以白炭黑为填料,六甲基二硅氮烷、四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷等为结构控制剂来进行密炼等工序制备实验所需要的基胶;以多乙烯基硅油为集中交联剂,制备了高撕裂强度的医用透明液体硅橡胶。探讨了白炭黑比表面积及用量、多乙烯基硅油的用量、四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷的添加量对液体硅橡胶撕裂强度的影响。结果表明,要制备高撕裂强度的医用液体硅橡胶,必须添加一定量的多乙烯基硅油,并且四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷的添加对促进撕裂强度的增长有很大的作用。当乙烯基硅油100份、比表面积为250 m~2的白炭黑29份、多乙烯基硅油4份、四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷用量为白炭黑质量的3%所制得的液体硅橡胶,其撕裂强度能达51 k N/m、邵尔A硬度61度、拉伸强度9.2 MPa、拉断伸长率500%。     

加成型室温硫化硅橡胶力学特性的影响规律

以端乙烯基硅油为基础胶、低含氢硅油为交联剂、处理气相法白炭黑为填料、铂-二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷配合物为催化剂,制备了加成型室温硫化硅橡胶。考察了端乙烯基硅油黏度、处理气相法白炭黑用量、含氢硅油中的S—iH基与乙烯基硅油中的SiCH CH2基的量之比(简称A值)对硅橡胶力学特性的影响。结果表明,随着端乙烯基硅油黏度的增加,硅橡胶的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和撕裂强度分别出现峰值;处理气相法白炭黑使硅橡胶的硬度先增后降;较佳工艺为:端乙烯基聚硅氧烷的黏度为5 P.as、处理气相法白炭黑用量为25份(按乙烯基硅油用量为100份计)、A值在1～3.6之间。按此条件制成的硅橡胶的邵尔A硬度为34度、拉伸强度4.78～5.09MPa、撕裂强度4.97 kN/m、拉断伸长率为107%。     

加成型硅橡胶制备工艺研究

文章通过测试硅橡胶的力学性能探讨乙烯基硅树脂填料和交联剂用量以及含氢硅油活泼氢含量对加成型液体硅橡胶物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,100份加成型硅橡胶中加入45份乙烯基质量分数为0.08%的端乙烯基硅油、5份含氢硅油,用乙烯基硅树脂补强,可以得到拉伸强度为5.9 Mpa、硬度(shore A)51、断裂伸长率为200%的加成型硅橡胶。     

甲基乙烯基硅橡胶加成硫化研究

探讨了甲基乙烯基硅橡胶中乙烯基含量、多乙烯基硅油、舍氢硅油和氟铂酸对加成硫化硅橡胶物理机械性能的影响。结果表明．在150份乙烯基质量分数为0．13％的硅橡胶中加入1份硅氢基质量分数为1．65％的舍氢硅油、2份乙烯基质量分数为8％的多乙烯基硅油和4份羟基硅油，用40份白炭黑增强，可得到拉伸强度为8．71MPa，撕裂强度为52．14kN／m的乙烯基硅橡胶。     

医用高透明高强度液体注射成型硅橡胶(LIMS)的制备与研究

以D4(DMC),乙烯基双封头,乙烯基环体,六甲基二硅氧烷等为原料,四甲基氢氧化铵为催化剂合成了摩尔质量和乙烯基含量不同的乙烯基硅油;以高含氢硅油,含氢双封头,D4合成实验所需的含氢硅油;以白碳黑为填料通过密炼等工序制备了医用高透明液体注射硅橡胶。结果表明要制备高透明度的医用液体硅胶需要大于300m2/g气相白碳黑为填料。用干法处理比湿法处理白碳黑效果好且符合FDA等医用要求,当铂金用量为20～25ppm,抑制剂用量为0.10～0.16%时,能够满足液体注射成型硅橡胶的加工性能和成型周期性。     

紫外线吸收高透明硅橡胶的制备与性能

以乙烯基硅油为基础聚合物,含氢硅油为交联剂,乙烯基硅树脂和紫外线吸收剂为添加剂,铂配合物为催化剂,制得紫外线吸收高透明硅橡胶。讨论了硅树脂对硅橡胶硫化性能的影响,紫外线吸收剂对硅橡胶的透光率、紫外线吸收效果及耐老化性的影响。结果表明,以67份黏度约3 500 m Pa·s的乙烯基硅油、11份黏度约60 000 m Pa·s的乙烯基硅油为基础聚合物,硅氢含量为0.91 mol/100 g的含氢硅油6.5份与硅氢含量为0.19 mol/100 g的含氢硅油5.4份为交联剂,22份乙烯基含量约0.041mol/100g的乙烯基硅树脂为添加剂,采用TINUVIN 384-2为紫外线吸收剂的配方制得的硅橡胶可以实现较好的透光率及紫外线吸收效果,同时耐老化效果也较好。     

添加剂对硅橡胶耐高温性的影响

以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为生胶,添加白炭黑、结构化控制剂、乙烯基MQ(VMQ)硅树脂等制得混炼胶。研究了结构化控制剂种类及用量、VMQ硅树脂用量对热硫化硅橡胶耐高温性的影响。结果表明,当采用甲基苯基乙烯基硅油/六甲基二硅氮烷复配物作为结构化控制剂,且两者用量均为4份时,硅橡胶质量损失率5%时的温度为460℃。此外,添加5份VMQ硅树脂可以提高硅橡胶的热稳定性,最大热分解温度由565.8℃提高到580.9℃。较佳配方为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份、气相法白炭黑40份、三氧化二铁10份、甲基苯基乙烯基硅油/六甲基二硅氮烷复配且用量均为4份、VMQ硅树脂5份、2,5-二甲基-2,5-双(叔丁基过氧基)己烷0.7份。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。