UASB工艺常温处理木薯加工废水

为了控制喀麦隆木薯加工废水的污染并回收沼气 ,选用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器 (UASB) ,进行了常温厌氧处理木薯加工废水的试验。结果表明 :采用UASB工艺处理COD浓度为 14190mg/L的木薯加工废水 ,COD去除率可达90 %以上 ,容积COD负荷达 6.81g/L·d ,容积沼气产率 3 .2 0L/L·d。在实用中 ,进水COD浓度宜控制在 140 0 0mg/L左右 ;容积COD负荷宜控制在 7.0 0 g/L·d左右 ;水力停留时间宜控制在 2d。     

废矿物油再生工艺废水处理工艺的研究

本文对废矿物油再生生产工艺废水采用物化+生化处理工艺进行研究.根据工程经验,采用活性污泥法经过驯化后能够逐渐适应该高浓度难降解石化类有机废水.当生化处理系统的进水COD浓度控制在3000mg/L以内时,COD的去除率能够稳定在85％以上.     

喀麦隆啤酒废水厌氧生物处理的研究

为了经济有效的控制喀麦降啤酒厂的有机废水污染,选用上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,进行了常温厌氧生物处理的试验,结果表明,当地平均气温22．6℃,足以维持反应器的正常工作,但应采取措施降低温度的昼夜波动,糖化废水,发醇废水和啤酒过滤废水混合处理的效果优于各自单独处理,处理混合废水时,适宜的进水COD浓度为11000mg/L左右,适宜的容积COD负荷为12.50g/(L.d),适宜的水力停留时间为1天,在此条件下,COD去除率可达89％以上,容积COD去除率11.76g/(L.d),容积沼气产率4.06L／（L.d),试验证实,采用常温USASB工艺是可行的。     

生物流化床处理石化污水应用效果研究

洛阳技术研发中心开发的生物流化床反应器,考察其对不同水质污水的处理效果,分别对炼油污水、乙二醇污水、PTA污水和煤制乙二醇污水等四种污水进行了1～3个月的连续试验。试验表明,在炼油污水进水COD为300～800mg/L、NH_3-N为30～60mg/L的条件下,经处理后,出水COD80mg/L、NH_3-N15mg/L,污水的COD去除率85%,NH_3-N去除率90%;在乙二醇污水进水COD为1500～2500mg/L的条件下,经处理后,出水COD500mg/L;在PTA污水进水COD为1000～4700mg/L的条件下,出水COD300mg/L,去除率90%;在煤制乙二醇污水进水COD为200～2000mg/L、NH_3-N为18～130mg/L的条件下,处理后的出水平均COD60mg/L、去除率超过90%,平均NH_3-N 8mg/L、去除率大于85%。试验结果表明,生物流化床反应器具有比表面积大、微生物浓度高、容积负荷率和污泥负荷率高、传质快、耐冲击负荷能力强、处理效果好等特点,对不同水质的污水均能达到良好的处理效果。     

UBF-接触氧化法处理高浓度印染废水的试验研究

探讨上流式厌氧复合床反应器（UBF）-生物接触氧化法处理高浓度印染废水的试验效果。结果表明：进水COD1500mg／L、色度600倍的印染废水。在厌氧段停留26h,可使得COD的去除率在25％以上,色度降到80倍以下,在好氧段曝气14h,COD总去除率可迭85％,色度降至50倍。     

川西侏罗系气藏产出水生化处理影响因素及技术优化

川西侏罗系气藏产出水中含有泡排剂、破乳剂、缓蚀剂及阻垢剂等多种类型化学药剂,有机物含量高。研究表明,生化处理技术对有机物去除效果较好,能有效降低污水COD,但生化处理易受多种因素影响,COD去除效果不稳定,出水水质指标波动较大。影响生化处理效果的主要因素包括氯离子浓度、营养物质、填料结垢、温度、溶解氧、水力停留时间等。通过实验掌握了生化系统运行的相关工艺参数,建议生化处理运行指标为：进水氯离子浓度18000～22000mg/L、Ca²⁺含量<100mg/L、溶解氧4～6mg/L、温度20～30℃、水力停留时间130～140h。通过优化生化系统进水水质指标及运行参数,使生化处理后出水COD较优化前平均去除率提高约40%,生化出水发泡力较优化前平均降低约80%,蒸发处理能力大幅提高,蒸馏量由优化前的120～150m³/d提升至180～260m³/d。     

乙二醇污水预处理生物流化床工业试验研究

乙烯水解生产乙二醇过程中,会产生大量乙二醇污水,该污水有机物浓度高,COD值高达1500～4000mg/L,污水中含有乙二醇、二乙二醇、醚类、醛类有机物质,对微生物具有一定的毒性。上海石化利用生物流化床技术,开展乙二醇污水预处理工业试验研究。试验结果表明,在污水pH值为5.5～11.0,温度为25～30℃,反应停留时间为10～15h,进水COD值为1000～3000mg/L条件下,处理后COD值小于500mg/L,达到企业预处理标准,COD去除率达到90%,流化床污水处理系统抗COD、pH冲击能力强,运行较为平稳。与传统氧化沟处理工艺对比,流化床工艺的反应效率、出水水质均优于氧化沟工艺,停留时间仅为氧化沟法的1/4。研制出大型生物流化床处理乙二醇污水工业试验装置,该装置主要包括均质水解罐、生物流化床、加药罐和空气压缩机。该装置最大容积负荷达到6.0kg COD/(m3.d),平均容积负荷达到3.1kg COD/(m3.d),是传统氧化沟法平均容积负荷的4倍。生物流化床工艺实现了污水处理的装置化、集成化,且占地面积小,操作费用低,处理效果好,抗冲击能力强。     

膜生物反应器在炼油废水回用中的试验研究

结合炼油废水厂二级生化处理出水的COD变化大、NH3-N和水温高、含有少量的矿物油和生化性较差(BOD/COD一0.1)的特性,通过膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理该废水的试验研究表明:MBR在低负荷条件下运行稳定,试验期间,MBR的出水COD＜40 mg/L,浊度一直维持在0.2 NTU左右,NH3-N＜5 mg/L,油含量＜1.0 mg/L,SDI＜4,可作为反渗透的预处理系统.     

IC反应器处理低浓度有机废水的启动实验研究

对内循环厌氧反应器(IC反应器)在(33±O.5)℃下处理低浓度有机废水的启动特性进行了实验研究.结果表明:反应器经过59 d启动成功:当进水COD浓度为411.6 mg/L,HRT为0.8 h.相应的有机负荷COD为12.3 kg/(m3·d)时,其COD去除率能稳定在87%左右,日产气率15 m3/(m3·d)左右,出水VFA浓度HAc为41.2～43.6 mg/L;污泥床反应区COD去除量占总COD去除量的77%以上,远大于精细处理区;启动完成后,反应器底部形成了颗粒污泥,镜检发现颗粒污泥表面分布着丝状菌,内部则以杆菌和球菌为主.     

UASB技术在啤酒废水处理改造中的应用

通过在某啤酒厂的废水处理流程中添加UASB处理单元,形成了UASB-水解-A/O的处理体系。运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,出水水质好。对于进水COD为2400 mg/L,BOD5为1300 mg/L,SS为400 mg/L的啤酒废水,处理出水各项指标均能达到《啤酒工业污染物排放标准》（GB19821—2005）一级标准的要求,其中COD≤50 mg/L,改造后去除单位COD能耗降低65.8%。     

Treatment of dairy wastewater using anaerobic and solar photocatalytic methods

The present study was aimed to treat the dairy wastewater by using anaerobic and solar photocatalytic oxidation methods. The anaerobic treatment was carried out in a laboratory scale hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HUASB) with a working volume of 5.9 L. It was operated at organic loading rate (OLR) varying from 8 to 20 kg COD/m³ day for a period of 110 days. The maximum loading rate of the anaerobic reactor was found to be 19.2 kg COD/m³ day and the corresponding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal at this OLR was 84%. The anaerobically treated wastewater at an OLR of 19.2 kg COD/m³ day was subjected to secondary solar photocatalytic oxidation treatment. The optimum pH and catalyst loading for the solar photochemical oxidation was found to be 5 and 300 mg/L, respectively. The secondary solar photocatalytic oxidation using TiO₂ removed 62% of the COD from primary anaerobic treatment. Integration of anaerobic and solar photocatalytic treatment resulted in 95% removal of COD from the dairy wastewater. The findings suggest that anaerobic treatment followed by solar photo catalytic oxidation would be a promising alternative for the treatment of dairy wastewater.     

Anaerobic fermentative system based scheme for green energy sustainable houses

The green energy sustainable house based on bio-hydrogen and bio-methane energy technologies proposed in this study employs dark fermentation technology to complete a scheme for green energy sustainable house that includes energy production, storage, distribution control, load applications, recycling, waste treatment, and reuse. In order to resolve the problem of wastewater discharge from hydrogen production in green energy sustainable houses, this study proposes wastewater chemical oxygen demand (COD) treatment research, and suggests the use of two-stage anaerobic treatment to produce two types of bio-energy i.e. hydrogen and methane, while simultaneously reducing COD levels.Methane production employed a condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) and hydrogen fermentation tank effluent as a substrate to test the COD reducing efficiency and overall efficiency of methane production. It was found that if CMS is used during the hydrolysis and acidogenesis stages, the maximum carbohydrate degradation rate will be approximately 70% (F/M ratio of 1.9-2.3), and the COD removal rate will increase from 15 to 20% (F/M ratio of 1.9-2.3) to 68% (F/M ratio of 0.5). This study showed that the total gas (H₂ and CH₄) production yield from effluent of hydrogen fermentation tank (56.2 KJ/mol substrate) is greater than the value for CMS.In this study, a 3.2 m³ anaerobic hydrogen reactor is evaluated to provide a family with 3-4 kW of power. When acclimatization is performed under conditions of 20 g COD/L substrate and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h, the COD removal rate can reach approximately 50%. If a methane-generating reactor with a 95% COD removal rate is used to degrade effluent from the hydrogen reaction tank, it will be possible to reduce the COD of organic effluent to under 500 mg/L. Since this water quality is not far from that of ordinary untreated household wastewater (approximately 300-500 mg COD/L), the effluent can be discharged into a community sewer system and treated in a community sewage treatment facility.     

降解生物质气化洗焦废水微生物的选择

选用首都师范大学生物系保存的菌种，采用单一菌种和混合菌种对生物质气化洗焦废水进行生物降解，选择有较好降解生物质气化焦废水能力的微生物。当洗焦废水含量为100mL/L时，单一菌种和混合菌种可使洗焦废水中的COD去除率分别达到58．3％和81．4％。混合菌种对洗焦废水的降解率明显高于单一菌种，当洗焦废水含量分别为150mL/L,200mL/L和300mL/L时，混合菌种S4对洗焦废水的COD去除率分别是63．6％，56．7％和51．2％，随着洗焦废水含量增加，微生物对其降解速度减慢，降解率降低。洗焦废水含量在100mL/L以下时，混合菌种对其有理想的降解效果。     

Hydrogen production from alcohol wastewater with added fermentation residue by an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) under thermophilic operation

The objective of this study was to investigate the enhancement of hydrogen production from alcohol wastewater by adding fermentation residue using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) under thermophillic operation (55 °C) and at a constant pH of 5.5. The digestibility of the added fermentation residue was also evaluated. For a first set of previous experiments, the ASBR system was operated to obtain an optimum COD loading rate of 50.6 kg/m³ d of alcohol wastewater without added fermentation residue and the produced gas contained 31% H₂ and 69% CO₂. In this experiment, the effect of added fermentation residue (100–1200 mg/l) on hydrogen production performance was investigated under a COD loading rate of 50.6 kg/m³ d of the alcohol wastewater. At a fermentation residue concentration of 1000 mg/l, the produced gas contained 40% H₂ and 60% CO₂ without methane and the system gave the highest hydrogen yield and specific hydrogen production rate of 128 ml/g COD removed and 2880 ml/l d, respectively. Under thermophilic operation with a high total COD loading rate (51.8 kg/m³ d) and a short HRT (21 h) at pH 5.5, the ASBR system could only break down cellulose (41.6%) and hemicellulose (21.8%), not decompose lignin.     

Improvement of gaseous bioenergy production from spent coffee grounds Co-digestion with pulp wastewater by physical/chemical pretreatments

Two steps of hydrolysis and anaerobic biogas production processes was investigated in this study. In the first step, subcritical water (SBW) hydrolysis and chemical (acid/alkali) pretreatments were carried out to enhance hydrolysis efficiency by obtaining and analyzing the total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total sugar productions from spent coffee grounds (SCG) hydrolysate. The subcritical water (SBW) hydrolysis under the condition of temperature 150 °C for 30 min can greatly improve the organic matter breakdown and reached the COD concentration of 1010 g/L which was 30% higher than the untreated raw SCG. For chemical pretreatments, it was found that the alkaline hydrolysis of SCG resulted in the greatest total sugar concentration of 181 g/L whereas the operation conditions were 2.0 M NaOH at 60 °C for 1 h. The peak of TVFA concentration 3725 mg/L was found at the acid hydrolysis of SCG with 1.0 M H₂SO₄ acid, 60 °C for 1 h. The optimal biomethane yield of 115 mL/g COD was obtained when 1.0 M H₂SO₄ acid hydrolysate co-digestion with pulp wastewater which increase methane yield production 8 times of raw pulp wastewater. The pretreatment process was confirmed in this study can significant improve the converting of the biowastes to bioenergy efficiency.     

一种泡沫钻井液废水的处理

空气(氮气)泡沫可循环钻井过程中,泡沫钻井液会产生大量废水,直接排放会对环境造成严重污染.泡沫钻井液废水COD值高,且富含表面活性剂,其单一处理技术存在一定的局限性.本研究对各种处理剂及其效果进行了比较,并对各处理过程中的关键影响因素进行对比分析,制订了“混凝-氧化-吸附”的组合处理工艺.实验结果表明,废水的pH值,处理剂的加入量,处理剂的作用时间等对于COD的去除均有一定影响.按照国家标准对处理后的废水进行COD测定,结果表明:聚合氯化铝、钠基膨润土、次氯酸钠和活性炭4种处理剂对此种泡沫废水的处理效果较好,其加入量分别为0.2％、1.4％、11.2％和1.2％,处理时间分别为5h、6h、7h和8h.通过多步骤的处理,成功将泡沫钻井液废水COD值从高达4560mg/L降至200mg/L以内,使其得到有效治理.     

厌氧膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液在高负荷下的连续运行性能研究

为解决常规厌氧工艺在处理垃圾渗滤液的运行过程中存在微生物流失和出水水质较差等问题,考察了浸没式平板厌氧膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的运行性能.以垃圾填埋场新鲜渗滤液为研究对象,在中温(37±1)℃条件下进行连续厌氧消化试验,容积负荷为9.5 kgCOD/(m3·d),反应器运行67 d.实验表明,在水力停留时间为10 d...     

二株假单胞菌降解生物质气化洗焦废水COD的特性研究

为了使生物质气化中产生的洗焦废水得到循-环使用，首先用木屑、活性炭过滤预处理，滤液用菌种Pseudomonas SP1和Pseudomonas SP2进行进一步好氧降解。结果表明，COD浓度小于1800mg／L，采用两种菌降解颗粒活性炭过滤后的洗焦废水，均达到了理想的降解效果。SP1和SP2的COD去除率分别为73．2％和82．9％，SP2的降解效果明显好于SP1。当SP1和SP2等量混合降解颗粒活性炭过滤后的洗焦废水时，COD去除率达到98．1％。然后用生物膜反应器处理未经过滤预处理的生物质气化洗焦废水，经挂膜和增菌后，反应器可得到稳定和高效的运转，进水浓度1800mg／L，水滞留期保持在36h，洗焦废水的COD去除率为89％，苯、萘、酚、蒽、喹啉和异喹啉的去除率达到了理想的效果。