大剂量牛磺酸对小鼠自主活动能力的影响

探讨了大剂量牛磺酸对小鼠自主活动能力的影响。将8周龄雄性BALB/C小鼠分为3组:对照组、牛磺酸1组(250mg/kg·bw)、牛磺酸2组(500mg/kg·bw),每日灌喂水和相应剂量的牛磺酸。连续灌喂10d后用Smart小动物行为活动记录分析系统进行旷场和高架十字迷宫实验,用BIOSEB小鼠悬尾自动分析系统进行尾悬挂实验。旷场实验结果显示,与对照组相比较,牛磺酸1组和2组小鼠在周边、中央区域的活动性都明显提升(p<0.05),不动时间百分率都显著降低(p<0.05),慢速和快速移动时间百分率则都显著升高(p<0.05);高架十字迷宫实验结果显示,牛磺酸1组小鼠在开臂的滞留时间比对照组明显延长(p<0.05),牛磺酸2组小鼠在开臂的滞留时间和移动距离百分比都较对照组显著增加(p<0.05);尾悬挂实验结果显示,各组小鼠的活动能力等指标无明显变化。以上结果提示,大剂量牛磺酸能够提高小鼠的自主活动与探究能力,在一定程度上缓解焦虑状态,但不能缓解抑郁模型中小鼠的"行为绝望"状态。     

玫瑰花茶对束缚应激小鼠旷场活动性的影响

旨在探讨玫瑰花茶对束缚应激小鼠自主探究活动能力的影响。将8周龄雄性BALB/C小鼠分为4组：正常对照组（C组）、应激对照组（S组）、低剂量玫瑰花茶组（L-RE组）、高剂量玫瑰花茶组（H-RE组）。S、L-RE、H-RE组小鼠每日给与1h的束缚刺激,30min后分别灌喂水和相应剂量的玫瑰花茶。连续6周后用Smart小动物行为活动记录分析系统进行旷场实验。结果显示,S组小鼠在旷场周边区域、中央区域的活动性分别比C组小鼠减弱了10.8%（P〈0.05）和15.7%,快速移动时间百分率显著降低（P〈0.05）。与S组相比较,L-RE组小鼠在旷场周边区域、中央区域的探究活动性明显提升（P〈0.05）,不动时间百分率下降（P〈0.05）;H-RE组小鼠在周边区的探究活动性提高（P〈0.05）,不动时间百分率下降（P〈0.05）。以上结果显示玫瑰花茶能够缩短束缚应激小鼠的不动时间,提高小鼠在旷场中央和周边区域的自主探究活动能力,起到缓解应激小鼠焦虑状态的作用。     

裙带菜酶解物抗焦虑作用

目的:研究裙带菜酶解物的抗焦虑作用。方法:健康雄性ICR小鼠50只,随机分成5组,空白对照组、阳性对照安定(2 mg/kg)、裙带菜酶解物组(1 g/kg)、裙带菜酶解物透析液滤过液组(1 g/kg)和残留液组(1 g/kg),通过高架十字迷宫实验考察裙带菜酶解物的抗焦虑作用。利用ELISA法检测裙带菜酶解物长期灌胃后小鼠脑组织中多巴胺与5-羟色胺含量的变化。结果:裙带菜酶解物中透析滤过液的组分显著增加了小鼠在高架十字迷宫装置中进入开臂的次数及滞留时间(p<0.01),长期灌胃28 d后透析滤过液组小鼠脑组织中5-羟色胺的含量显著减少(p<0.05),多巴胺含量没有显著变化(p>0.05)。而酶解物组和残留液组进入开臂的次数和滞留时间均无显著性影响(p>0.05),同时脑组织中5-羟色胺和多巴胺的含量也无显著变化(p>0.05)。结论:裙带菜酶解物中分子量小于6 kDa的组分具有抗焦虑作用,其作用机理与脑组织中5-羟色胺含量的变化有关。     

玫瑰花茶对束缚应激小鼠尾悬挂实验与抗氧化能力的影响

探讨玫瑰花茶对束缚应激小鼠尾悬挂实验与抗氧化能力的影响。将8周龄雄性BALB/C小鼠分为4组:正常对照组(C组)、应激对照组(S组)、低剂量玫瑰花茶组(L-RE组)、高剂量玫瑰花茶组(H-RE组)。S、L-RE、H-RE组小鼠每天给予1h的束缚刺激,30min后分别灌喂水和相应剂量的玫瑰花茶。连续灌胃6周后用BIOSEB小鼠悬尾自动分析系统进行尾悬挂实验,并分析血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、肝脏还原型谷胱苷肽(GSH)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示,与C组相比较,S组小鼠悬尾时后4min内的不动时间延长了93%、活动消耗的量能和活动能力都下降,肝脏CAT活性、GSH含量都明显降低(P<0.05),血浆HCY含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与S组相比较,L-RE组小鼠的不动时间降低了53%,活动消耗的量能、活动能力分别提高了87%、47%,L-RE组和H-RE组小鼠肝脏CAT活性、GSH含量都明显增加(P<0.05),血浆HCY含量分别降低了20%和14%。提示玫瑰花茶提高了小鼠的抗氧化能力,改善了束缚应激诱导的高HCY血症,增强了尾悬挂实验中小鼠的挣扎活动能力,缩短了不动时间,在一定程度上缓解了束缚应激小鼠的"行为绝望"状态。     

桑葚粗提液对壬基酚诱导大鼠焦虑行为的干预作用及其机制

目的:探讨桑葚粗提液对壬基酚染毒大鼠焦虑行为的干预效果。方法:48只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(玉米油)、桑葚对照组(桑葚粗提液,按多酚含量计,120 mg/kg)、壬基酚染毒组(270 mg/kg)、桑葚粗提液低、中、高剂量干预组(壬基酚灌胃剂量均为270 mg/kg,桑葚粗提液干预剂量分别为30、60和120 mg/kg),利用旷场实验(OFT)和高架十字迷宫(EPM)来观察桑葚粗提液对壬基酚染毒大鼠焦虑行为的影响,并用ELISA试剂盒检测单胺类神经递质5-羟色胺、多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素水平和单胺氧化酶活性。结果表明,高剂量干预组大鼠在旷场实验中进入中央区域距离、进入中央区域的次数以及在高架十字迷宫实验中进入开臂时间百分比和进入开臂次数百分比均显著高于染毒组(p0.05)。与壬基酚染毒组相比,高剂量干预组大鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺和多巴胺水平,中剂量干预组大鼠下丘脑多巴胺水平显著下调(p0.05),而且高剂量干预组还明显上调单胺氧化酶的活性(p0.05)。同时随着干预剂量的增加,去甲肾上腺素水平逐渐降低但并无显著性差异。结论:桑葚粗提液降低壬基酚所致焦虑大鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺、多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素水平,其作用机制可能与上调下丘脑单胺氧化酶的活性有关。     

北五味子多糖抗焦虑和镇静催眠作用

目的：观察北五味子多糖（Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide,ScP）的抗焦虑和镇静催眠作用并初步探讨其作用机制。方法：将40 只ICR小鼠随机分为空白对照组、ScP低剂量组（75 mg/kg,以体质量计,下同）、ScP中剂量组（150 mg/kg）、ScP高剂量组（300 mg/kg）,每天两次灌胃给药,连续7 d,采用自主活动记录仪观察北五味子多糖对小鼠自主活动的影响;观察北五味子多糖对阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠只数、睡眠潜伏期以及对阈剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠时间的影响;采用国际通用的高架十字迷宫（elevated plus maze,EPM）焦虑动物模型,观察北五味子多糖的抗焦虑作用。采用酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）检测小鼠脑组织中γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）和谷氨酸（glutamate,Glu）含量,初步探讨其作用机制。结果：北五味子多糖明显减少小鼠自主活动次数（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠只数,缩短小鼠睡眠潜伏期（P＜0.05）,显著延长阈剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,增加EPM模型小鼠进入开放臂次数（open arm entry,OE）（P＜0.01）和开放臂停留时间（open armtime,OT）（P＜0.05）,并可明显降低小鼠脑组织中谷氨酸含量（P＜0.05）。结论：北五味子多糖具有镇静、催眠及抗焦虑作用,其机制可能与减少脑组织中谷氨酸含量有关。     

不同比例酸枣仁-茯苓水提物对大鼠焦虑样行为的影响

目的：观察不同比例酸枣仁-茯苓混合后水提物的抗焦虑作用并探讨其机制。方法：64只SD大鼠随机分成8组：正常对照组、模型组、帕罗西汀组、酸枣仁组、茯苓组、酸枣仁-茯苓1:1组、酸枣仁-茯苓2:1组、酸枣仁-茯苓3:1组。28 d慢性束缚加孤养方法建立大鼠焦虑症模型,动态观察动物基本形态及体质量变化,造模第8 d起连续给药21 d。高架十字迷宫及旷场实验评价大鼠焦虑样行为;酶联免疫吸附法及荧光实时定量PCR检测大鼠血清、海马及杏仁核组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量及m RNA表达的相对量。结果：与模型组相比,不同比例酸枣仁-茯苓均能有效改善大鼠形态、体质量、焦虑样行为并调节血清及组织炎症因子水平（P<0.05,P<0.01）。其中酸枣仁-茯苓3:1复配使用可极显著提高动物造模28 d后体质量（P<0.01）,提高高架十字迷宫总穿臂次数、进入开放臂次数比例、开放臂停留时间比例（P<0.01）,提高旷场水平运动次数、垂直运动次数（P<0.01）,降低大鼠血清、海马及杏仁核组织中炎症因子TNF-α、...     

核桃不同部位对小鼠记忆力的影响

为探讨核桃仁、核桃内种皮、核桃分心木对小鼠记忆力的影响,将88只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和实验组,各组小鼠持续灌胃36 d受试物后,通过旷场实验和自动记录水迷宫实验检测小鼠的运动探究能力和学习记忆能力。上述行为学实验结束后,检测小鼠血脂四项。结果表明：与模型组和正常对照组相比,在旷场实验中核桃仁高剂量组和核桃分心木高剂量组穿越方格数和后肢直立次数均显著增加（P＜0.05）。自动记录水迷宫实验结果显示,核桃仁高剂量组、核桃内种皮高剂量组及核桃分心木高剂量组所用时间显著低于正常对照组（P＜0.05）。通过检测血脂四项结果表明：食用核桃仁有降低小鼠血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量的趋势;高剂量核桃内种皮显著降低血清总胆固醇含量（P＜0.05）;核桃分心木显著升高小鼠高密度脂蛋白含量（P＜0.05）。     

功能性膳食补充对慢性情绪应激大鼠的影响

本文研究了功能性膳食补充对慢性应激状态下大鼠行为学、血清皮质醇和血浆儿茶酚胺等指标的干预作用。40只大鼠分为正常组、模型组、功能性膳食补充高剂量组和低剂量组。除正常组外,其余各组利用空瓶刺激诱发情绪应激,功能性膳食补充组连续灌服7 d,正常组与模型组灌服等容积蒸馏水。通过高架十字迷宫实验观察各组大鼠的行为学变化,同时检测各组大鼠血清皮质醇和血浆儿茶酚胺的水平。结果显示,与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠进入开臂的次数百分比和时间百分比都极显著减少(p0.01),血清皮质醇和血浆儿茶酚胺含量极显著升高(p0.01);与模型组比较,功能性膳食补充极显著增加了大鼠进入开臂的次数百分比和时间百分比(p0.01),并且血清皮质醇显著下降(p0.05),血浆儿茶酚胺水平也有所回升,但无显著性。实验结果表明,功能性膳食补充能够缓解慢性情绪应激引起的大鼠行为学异常。     

Cordyceps sinensis CAMT 63341液态发酵多糖对小鼠若干行为学指标及免疫器官指数的影响

为评价虫草菌（Cordyceps sinensis）CAMT 63341液态发酵多糖对小鼠生长、情绪、认知和免疫的影响, 将60 只健康雄性昆明小鼠随机分成空白对照、灵芝多糖对照和Cordyceps sinensis CAMT 63341发酵多糖高、中、低 剂量饲喂组连续喂养30 d,然后行高架十字迷宫、穿梭箱、迟发型超敏反应实验,并记录小鼠体质量和免疫器官指 数。结果表明：与空白对照组相比,Cordyceps sinensis CAMT 63341发酵多糖可剂量依赖性促进小鼠生长,增加高 架迷宫开放臂次数和延长停留时间,增强穿梭箱实验中主动回避能力和缩短被动回避潜伏期,提升胸腺和脾脏器 官指数,其中,高剂量组达到显著（P＜0.05）或极显著水平（P＜0.01）,接近灵芝多糖对照组,提示Cordyceps sinensis CAMT 63341液态发酵多糖具有一定的促进生长、改善情绪、增强认知和提升免疫功能。     

Susceptibility of dairy cows to subacute ruminal acidosis is reflected in milk fatty acid proportions,with C18:1 trans-10 as primary and C15:0 and C18:1 trans-11 as secondary indicators

The current study was carried out to assess 2 hypotheses: (1) cows differ in susceptibility to a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge, and (2) the milk fatty acid (FA) pattern can be used to differentiate susceptible from nonsusceptible cows. For this, 2 consecutive experiments were performed. During experiment 1, the milk FA pattern was determined on 125 cows fed an increasing amount of concentrate during the first 4 wk in milk (WIM). The coefficient of variation of several SARA indicative milk FA (i.e., C15:0, C18:1 trans-10, C18:2 cis-9,trans-11, and C18:1 trans-10 to C18:1 trans-11 ratio) increased, indicating that cows reacted differently upon the concentrate build-up. A first grouping was based on the milk fat C18:1 trans-10 proportion in the third WIM. Fifteen cows with the highest proportion of the latter FA (HT10) and their counterparts with low C18:1 trans-10 and equal parity distribution (LT10) were compared, which revealed that milk fat content and milk fat to protein ratio were lower for the HT10 group. From each of the HT10 and LT10 groups, 5 animals were selected for experiment 2. The subselection of the HT10 group, referred to as HT10s, showed a high proportion of C18:1 trans-10 at 3 WIM (>0.31 g/100 g of FA), a high level of C15:0 (on average ≥1.18 g/100 g of FA over the 4 WIM), and a sharp decrease of C18:1 trans-11 (Δ ≥ 0.25 g/100 g of FA during the 4 WIM). Their counterparts (LT10s) had a low milk fat C18:1 trans-10 proportion at 3 WIM (<0.23 g/100 g of FA), an average C15:0 proportion of 0.99 g/100 g of FA or lower, and a rather stable C18:1 trans-11 proportion. The HT10s group was hypothesized to be more susceptible to a SARA challenge, achieved by increasing amounts of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in experiment 2. The HT10s cows had a lower nadir, mean, and maximum reticulo-ruminal pH; longer period of reticulo-ruminal pH below 6.0; and higher daily reticulo-ruminal pH variation compared with LT10s cows. Throughout experiment 2, HT10s and LT10s cows differed in levels of SARA indicative milk FA. Five animals, including one LT10s and 4 HT10s cows, experienced SARA, defined as reticulo-ruminal pH <6.0 for more than 360 min/d. These results indicate that it is possible to distinguish cows with different susceptibility to a SARA challenge within a herd by monitoring the milk FA composition when cows receive the same diet.     

Isolation of clean-label faba bean (Vicia faba L.) proteins: A comparative study of mild fractionation methods against traditional technologies

Plant protein isolation by mild wet processing methods that are free of alkali/acid and thermal treatments were investigated in order to address the fast growing consumer demand for clean-label ingredients. The impact of different mild wet fractionation conditions was established in terms of yield, purity and recovery of faba bean protein concentrates/isolates (PCs/PIs) from both Snowbird (low tannin, LT) and Athena (high tannin, HT) cultivars. Although salt-soluble globulins (74 to 75%) were the primary proteins found in faba beans, PIs resulting from dialysis (LT: 93.2 ± 0.1% and HT: 96.4 ± 0.3%) or micellization (LT: 99.1 ± 0.1% and HT: 98.7 ± 0.2%) following water extraction at 35 °C (W₃₅) at a solvent/feed (S/F) ratio of 2 had higher protein contents than PCs from aqueous NaCl extraction followed by dialysis (LT: 79.1 ± 0.1% and HT: 81.6 ± 0.5%) or alkali extraction followed by acid precipitation (LT: 87.1 ± 1.4% and HT: 86.3 ± 0.2%). These differences in protein extractability of water- and salt-based methods could be attributed to the high levels of endogenously present minerals. Although methionine and cysteine were limiting amino acids, the W₃₅ methods resulted in overall higher amino acid content and in high-quality PIs compared to the rest due to the presence of albumins as confirmed by SDS-PAGE. The W₃₅-PIs were low in raffinose family oligosaccharides, tannins and trypsin inhibitory activity and can be considered chemical-free alternatives to alkali extracted-acid precipitated PCs.     

复合抗氧化剂对小鼠脂质过氧化及果蝇生存期的影响

为探讨复合抗氧化剂 (碧萝芷 ○R 葡萄籽提取物 银杏叶提取物 )抗氧化、清除体内自由基和延缓衰老的动物学效应 ,根据受试物含量的多少将老龄昆明种小鼠分为低、中、高 3个剂量组 ,1个老龄对照组和 1个幼龄对照组 ,每组 17只。连续灌胃 90d ,分别采全血、血清 ,测定全血丙二醛(MDA)值和血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活力。另选OregonK野生型黑腹果蝇 ,随机分为 4个试验组和 1个对照组 ,每组 4 0 0只 ,雌雄各半 ,分别给予不同剂量的受试物 ,每两天观察记录果蝇生存数和死亡数 ,直到果蝇全部死亡为止。然后计算出半数死亡天数 ,平均寿命和平均最高寿命。结果显示 :小鼠抗氧化试验高剂量组与老龄对照组比较有降低血中MDA和升高血清SOD活力的作用 ;果蝇生存试验中 ,0 0 6 %剂量组雄性果蝇与对照组比较平均寿命延长 ,半数死亡时间高 5d。因此 ,说明这种复合抗氧化剂具有抗氧化 ,清除体内自由基和一定的延缓衰老作用     

牛磺酸对高胆固醇血症小鼠胆固醇/胆汁酸吸收与排出的影响

为探讨牛磺酸对高胆固醇血症小鼠胆固醇/胆汁酸代谢的影响,本文以10周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠为实验对象,根据体重和血清胆固醇水平随机分为6组,对照组(N)、高胆固醇膳食组(C)、高胆固醇/胆盐膳食组(CB)以及分别与这三组相对应的牛磺酸添加组(NT、CT、CBT).给与各组相应膳食1周后,测定血清和肝脏胆固醇含量,粪胆汁酸和中性固醇含量,以及胆固醇/胆汁酸稳态相关因子肝脏ABCG5/ABCG8、BSEP,空肠ABCG5/ABCG8,回肠BABP、BAT mRNA表达.结果显示:分别与C、CB组相比较,CT、CBT组小鼠血清和肝脏胆固醇显著降低(P<0.05)、粪胆汁酸量明显增加(P<0.05)、粪中性固醇量无显著变化;与N组相比较,C/CT/CB/CBT四组小鼠肝脏ABCG5/ABCG8、BSEP,空肠ABCC5/ABCG8 mRNA表达增加,但四组问无显著差异;与N组相比较,C/CT/CB/CBT四组小鼠回肠BATmRNA表达明显减少,CT组比C组进一步降低.以上结果提示,牛磺酸增加了高胆固醇血症小鼠粪胆汁酸的排出,并不影响粪中性固醇的排出,并且在无外源性胆盐的条件下显示抑制回肠BAT mRNA表达的倾向.     

牛磺酸对顺铂所致H22荷瘤小鼠免疫器官及淋巴细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：研究牛磺酸对顺铂化疗荷瘤小鼠免疫器官和淋巴细胞损伤的保护作用。方法：H22荷瘤小鼠随机分为5 组：模型对照组、顺铂（1.5 mg/（kg·d））化疗组、顺铂＋高剂量（640 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组、顺铂＋中剂量（320 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组和顺铂＋低剂量（160 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组,末次用药24 h后眼球放血处死小鼠,测定小鼠体质量、瘤质量、脾脏指数、胸腺指数以及血清白细胞介素-2（interleukin-2,IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（interferon-γ,IFN-γ）水平,胸腺依赖性淋巴细胞（thymusdependent lymphocyte,T细胞）、骨髓依赖性淋巴细胞（bone marrow dependent lymphocyte,B细胞）增殖能力的变化情况。结果：顺铂化疗组小鼠体质量和瘤质量均明显低于模型对照组,抑瘤率为36%,顺铂＋中、高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的体质量显著高于顺铂化疗组,抑瘤率分别达到51%和68%;顺铂化疗组小鼠的脾脏质量和脾脏指数明显低于模型对照组,而顺铂＋各剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的脾脏质量和脾脏指数均高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂化疗组小鼠的胸腺质量和胸腺指数明显低于模型对照组,顺铂＋高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的胸腺质量和胸腺指数明显高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂化疗组小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的分泌水平明显低于模型对照组（P＜0.01）;而顺铂＋各剂量牛磺酸组血清IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的水平均高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂可明显抑制荷瘤小鼠对丝裂原刺激的T细胞和B细胞的增殖,顺铂＋高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的T细胞刺激指数明显高于顺铂化疗组（P＜0.05）;而顺铂＋低、中剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的B细胞刺激指数则高于顺铂化疗组。结论：牛磺酸可协同顺铂发挥抑制肿瘤的作用,其机制与保护顺铂导致的动物免疫器官和淋巴细胞功能损伤有关。     

L-茶氨酸对大鼠内脏组织抗氧化能力及相关基因表达的影响

目的:通过对大鼠灌胃L-茶氨酸溶液,观察大鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中抗氧化指标的变化,探究L-茶氨酸对大鼠心、肝、脾和肾抗氧化能力及其相关酶mRNA表达量的影响。方法:64只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组4组(每组16只,雌雄各半),分别灌胃0、50、200、400 mg/(kg·d)L-茶氨酸。连续灌胃14 d后采集内脏组织,采用试剂盒检测样品中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)与一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GPX)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和一氧化氮合成酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)的活性,并采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-q PCR)法测定相应抗氧化酶的mRNA表达量。结果:L-茶氨酸灌胃影响大鼠心脏组织的NO含量,以及SOD、CAT与NOS活力,其中高剂量组大鼠心脏组织中NO含量最低,SOD与CAT活力最大;同时影响大鼠肾脏中NO的含量,高剂量组最低;但对除上述指标外的肝、脾、肾、心的MDA与NO含量,以及SOD、CAT、GPX与NOS活力无显著影响。低剂量L-茶氨酸灌胃显著抑制肝脏中SOD1 mRNA的表达和脾脏中SOD1、SOD3、GPX1 mRNA的表达;高剂量L-茶氨酸则上调脾脏SOD2 mRNA的表达;同时各剂量组心脏组织中的SOD1、SOD2、SOD3、GPX1 mRNA的表达量都显著增加。结论:L-茶氨酸灌胃增强了心脏的抗氧化能力,其机制可能是通过上调了大鼠心脏中SOD2基因的mRNA的表达,从而增加心脏中SOD的活性,起到抗氧化的保护作用。同时,L-茶氨酸灌胃对大鼠内脏抗氧化功能的影响存在性别差异。     

Indoor fattening of lambs raised on pasture. Part 1: Influence of stall finishing duration on lipid classes and fatty acids in the longissimus thoracis muscle

Forty male Ile-de-France lambs (10 blocks of 4 homologous lambs) were used to study the effects of four feeding systems on muscle fatty acids (FA): raising and finishing on cool-season grasses (G), raising on the same grasses and stall-finishing, indoors, on concentrates and hay, respectively, for 22 (GSS) or 41 days (GSL), and stall-feeding indoors on concentrates and hay during both growing and finishing periods (S). Twenty-four lambs only (6 blocks) were retained for comparison of growth performances, lipid content in the longissimus thoracis muscle (LT) and their FA composition according to treatment. The 16 other lambs (4 blocks) were removed from the comparison, due to a large spread in the growth of the lambs towards the end of the trial. No significant effects of treatment were seen on the rate of growth (221, 228, 243 and 245±SE 8.0g/d, respectively, for G, GSS, GSL and S groups), and the lipid contents of the LT (2.22, 2.16, 2.17 and 2.52±SE 0.11g/100g fresh tissue). Grazing, lowered n-6 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids), and increased n-3 PUFA and C18:2 c9t11 (conjugated linoleic acid cis9, trans11) compared to concentrate feeding. The main effects of grazing were not removed by a short period of finish indoors on concentrate (GSS group), but C20:4 n-6 and C22:6 n-3 contents achieved the lowest contents in this group, with significant differences from the values observed for GSL and S groups (C20:4 n-6) or from the three other groups (C22:6 n-3). After a longer period of finish on concentrate (GSL group), C18:3 n-3 (linolenic acid), C18:2 c9t11 and long chain (LC) n-3 PUFA were brought to the levels observed in the S group. In terms of adequacy for human health, the C18:2 n-6/C18:3 n-3 ratios were favourably low in the four groups (2.6, 3.6, 4.9 and 5.2±SE 0.7, respectively, for G, GSS, GSL and S groups), the level observed in the case of G group being significantly lower than for the three other groups and the level observed for GSS group being significantly lower than for the GSL and S groups.     

设施调控夜间温度对赤霞珠葡萄果实品质的影响

为研究夜间温度对赤霞珠浆果品质的影响,采用设施调控夜间温度模拟夜间高温（high temperature at night,HT,平均温度21.8 ℃）和夜间低温（low temperature at night,LT,平均温度17.1 ℃）处理,与自然环境（CK,平均温度18.9 ℃）比较。从果实转色前连续35 d对设施进行夜间控温并监测温湿度,测定不同处理浆果品质及成熟时挥发性香气物质,并分析差异。结果表明：果实转色后,LT加速了可溶性糖、花色苷和类黄酮的积累,成熟时分别较CK高11.7%、51.7%和27.9%;LT减缓了可滴定酸和单宁的降解,成熟时分别较CK高16.1%和16.5%;HT除显著降低果实总酚外,对其他品质指标均没有影响。夜间温度对成熟时果实挥发性香气化合物种类和各成分占比影响显著,表现为共检出香气成分103 种,LT、HT和CK分别检出44、38、43 种,其中共有香气成分为11 种;HT减少了香气物质的种类数,增加了醛类化合物的相对含量;LT提高了醛类、萜烯类和酯类化合物的相对含量;夜间温度处理均降低了醇类化合物的相对含量。因此,LT有助于提高赤霞珠果实品质,HT会降低果实品质。