燕麦对高胆固醇血症中老年妇女血脂水平的影响

目的:观察食用燕麦对患高胆固醇血症中老年妇女血脂水平的影响。方法:参考《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》中的判断标准,筛选高胆固醇血症中老年妇女111名,随机分为2组,分别为燕麦组,每人每天给予100g即冲即食燕麦片;对照组,每人每天给予100g普通挂面。试验周期6周,研究开始前和6周后对两组受试者进行基本健康状况问卷调查、人体测量、血生化检测以及膳食调查。结果:燕麦组52人,对照组49人完成研究。实验期间两组人员的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物摄入量无显著差异,但燕麦组膳食纤维摄入量明显增加,且增加幅度显著大于对照组(P0.05)。与实验前相比,试验结束时燕麦组人员的腰围、血清TC、LDL-C、ApoB以及LDL-C/HDL-C、ApoB/ApoA比值显著降低,P0.05;对照组血清HDL-C、ApoB水平显著降低,P0.05,体重、体质指数、血清TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C比值则显著升高(P0.05)。此外,燕麦组和对照组人员的空腹血糖水平都显著降低(P0.05)。结论:在目前城市居民的膳食结构下,食用一定量的全谷类食物燕麦能够有效地降低血清胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。     

膳食干预对高胆固醇血症患者血脂和营养状况的影响

目的:探讨个体化膳食干预对高胆固醇血症患者血脂指标和营养状况的影响。方法:选取2013年6月—2014年12月收入北京友谊医院且诊断为高胆固醇血症的90例患者,膳食干预3个月,使用24 h膳食回顾调查法和食物频度法,分析调查对象每天膳食中热能及各种营养素的摄入量,与中国居民膳食推荐摄入量比较,分析膳食干预前后患者的饮食情况、血脂指标和相关营养指标的变化。结果:与每人每日各类食物适宜摄入量相比,高胆固醇血症患者在膳食干预前,蔬菜、水果、豆类食物的摄入量偏少,肉类、蛋、奶、油脂类食物摄入量偏高,营养素供能比例不适宜,蛋白质和脂肪供能比例偏高,碳水化合物供能比例偏低;与膳食干预前相比,膳食干预后每日谷类食物、肉类、鸡蛋、奶、油脂类的摄入量显著降低,蔬菜、水果、豆类的摄入量显著增加,摄入的总能量显著降低,摄入的蛋白质、脂肪的量及其供能比显著降低,动物蛋白的供能比显著降低,碳水化合物的摄入量及其供能比显著增加);经过膳食干预后,高胆固醇血症患者的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平显著降低,血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著増高,患者的体质指数(BMI)显著降低,血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(HGB)与膳食干预前相比差异无统计学意义。结论:高胆固醇血症患者通过改善膳食结构和降低体质指数,可以降低TC、TG、LDL-C等血脂指标,升高HDL-C,其营养状况不会受到影响。     

不同燕麦品种对大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

为研究不同燕麦品种对饲喂高脂饲料大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响,将40只雄性Wistar大鼠按照平均血脂水平和平均体重分为4组,即高脂对照组和3个燕麦组。喂食第0、10、20和30 d时分别测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和三酰甘油(TG)水平;试验结束时测定大鼠肝脏TC、胆固醇酯(CE)、游离胆固醇(FC)、TG和粪便TC、胆汁酸(BA)、脂肪含量。β-葡聚糖含量不同的燕麦品种都显著降低了血清和肝脏TC含量(P0.05),并促进了粪便胆汁酸排泄,而对血清HDL-C、TG和肝脏TG含量没有显著影响。以上结果表明摄入不同品种燕麦均能够通过促进粪便中胆汁酸的排泄来降低大鼠血清TC和LDL-C水平,及肝脏中TC和CE水平。     

燕麦馒头对高脂小鼠降血脂、抗氧化及保护肝脏作用的研究

研究燕麦发酵前后对高血脂小鼠血脂、抗氧化以及肝保护作用。雄性KM小鼠随机分为4组,每组12只,分别为正常对照组、高脂模型组、燕麦面条组、燕麦馒头组。6周后检测血清、肝脏中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平及抗氧化丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原谷胱甘肽(GSH)指标,同时观察肝组织损伤变化情况。燕麦馒头组小鼠血清及肝脏中TG、TC、LDL-C水平均显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)降低,HDL-C水平显著升高(P0.05);与高脂模型组比较,肝脏中TC、TG、LDL-C分别下降46.43%、50%、45.95%,HDL-C上升32.08%,血清中TC、TG、LDL-C分别下降19.59%、30.81%、17.45%,HDL-C上升24.34%,燕麦馒头降低血脂效果在肝脏中更加明显。燕麦馒头组和燕麦面条组小鼠肝脏、血清中的SOD和GSH活性均显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)升高,MDA含量显著(p0.05)或极显著(P0.01)降低,说明燕麦发酵前后均增强抗氧化能力,且发酵后抗氧化能力明显高于发酵前。病理学检测结果显示燕麦馒头具有减少高脂血症小鼠肝脏中脂质沉积的作用。燕麦发酵后对高血脂小鼠有显著降低血脂、抗氧化及降低肝损伤作用。     

江蓠藻膳食纤维降血脂作用研究

采用高脂饲料喂养昆明小鼠建立高脂血症模型,以燕麦膳食纤维为阳性对照,测定江蓠藻膳食纤维100、200、400mg/(kg bw·d)剂量灌胃给药高脂血症模型小鼠,4 周后对其总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的影响。结果表明：江蓠藻膳食纤维能显著降低高血脂模型小鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C 的含量,降低肝脏脂质水平,同时升高血清HDL-C 含量。江蓠藻膳食纤维具有调节脂质代谢的作用,可降低高脂膳食导致的氧化损伤。     

燕麦β-葡聚糖抗氧化及降血脂作用的研究

目的:探讨燕麦β-葡聚糖对高脂血症大鼠的血脂及抗氧化作用的影响.方法:48只雄性大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组、高脂对照组、高脂β-葡聚糖处理组(高、低剂量),喂养9周,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);超氧化物歧化酶fSOD)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)和脑脂褐质含量等指标.结果:燕麦B一葡聚糖能够降低TC、TG、LDL-C水平,升高HDL-C的水平;同时能明显提高血清SOD酶活性和T-AOC水平,并降低脑脂褐质及MDA含量.结论:燕麦β-葡聚糖对高脂血症大鼠的血脂水平升高和脂质过氧化均有一定的抑制作用.     

发芽糙米米糠降血脂功效研究

通过研究发芽糙米米糠(GBRB)对高脂膳食大鼠血脂代谢的影响,研究了GBRB的降血脂功效。将50只SD雄性大鼠按体重随机均分为5组,空白对照组饲喂基础饲料,高脂对照组饲喂高脂饲料,高、中、低剂量组分别饲喂添加了30%、20%、10%GBRB的高脂饲料,喂养83 d,结束后,从小鼠股动脉取血,测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度,并计算体脂率。结果表明:食用GBRB对大鼠的体脂率、生长发育没有明显影响;饲喂GBRB的高、中、低剂量组大鼠血清中TC和LDL-C浓度都显著低于高脂对照组(P0.05);高剂量组大鼠的TG浓度显著低于高脂对照组(P0.05),而中、低剂量GBRB没能抑制食用高脂饲料产生的高TG浓度。GBRB的摄入能显著降低食用高脂饲料大鼠的血清TC、TG以及LDL-C水平,显示出GBRB的降血脂功效。     

膳食干预改善轻度认知障碍患者认知能力的疗效观察

目的:研究膳食干预对轻度认知障碍患者认知能力的影响。方法:90例高胆固醇血症合并轻度认知功能障碍患者按照血胆固醇水平随机分为研究组和对照组,每组45例。研究组患者每日给予膳食干预并口服鱼油补充剂胶囊1000mg进行营养强化,对照组只给予膳食干预,试验周期为12w。两组分别于干预前和干预后测定两组患者的认知能力(用MoCA得分评定)和总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果:两组受试者经膳食干预后血清TC、TG、LDL-C数值均下降,血清HDL-C水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),研究组受试者胆固醇数值低于对照组受试者胆固醇数值,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);对照组受试者MoCA得分降低,与之前得分相比差异无统计学意义,但在注意(P0.05)及延迟回忆(P0.01)方面得分降低,与之前得分相比差异有统计学意义;研究组受试者MoCA得分增加,与之前得分相比差异有统计学意义(P0.01),主要表现在抽象及延迟回忆方面得分增加,与之前得分相比差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:个体化膳食干预可以降低轻度认知障碍患者的血胆固醇水平,进一步进行营养强化可以在降低血胆固醇的同时改善患者的认知水平。     

葡萄籽超微粉对金黄地鼠血脂水平的影响

为探讨葡萄籽超微粉对动脉粥样硬化可能的保护作用及其机制,选用40只雄性金黄地鼠,随机分成低剂量葡萄籽组、高剂量葡萄籽组、对照组和高脂组。在试验的4周内,除对照组喂养基础饲料外,其余各组饲喂高脂饲料。第4周末,取金黄地鼠血清进行血脂指标测定,测定血清脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量,同时对肝组织进行电镜观察。结果表明:葡萄籽能降低血清总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平;高剂量葡萄籽降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平效果显著;葡萄籽对血清载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)没有产生显著影响;葡萄籽组金黄地鼠血清丙二醛(MDA)值明显降低,低、高剂量组MDA分别降低了80.63%、78.18%;高剂量葡萄籽组表现出显著的抗动脉硬化效果。实验说明葡萄籽超微粉对血脂有调节作用,可降低血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平,升高HDL-C水平,降低血清中MDA含量,具有一定的抗动脉粥样硬化效果。     

中国45岁及以上居民膳食果糖与血脂异常的关系研究

利用2010—2012年中国营养与健康状况监测数据，对27 265名45岁及以上居民膳食果糖摄入量与血脂指标及血脂异常的关系进行分析。男性人群血清总胆固醇（Total Cholesterol, TC）、甘油三酯(triglycerides, TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)水平低于女性，而膳食果糖的摄入量高于女性，差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。在男性人群中，随着膳食果糖摄入量四分位水平的增加，血清TG浓度升高而HDL-C浓度下降，趋势检验具有统计学意义（P趋势 < 0.001）。在女性人群中仅发现血清TG水平随膳食果糖摄入量四分位水平的增加而升高（P趋势 < 0.001）。调整混杂因素后，在男性人群中，与膳食果糖摄入量第一分位相比，第三分位（OR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.03~1.33）、第四分位（OR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.08~1.43）低HDL-C血症的发生风险增加；在女性人群中，膳食果糖的摄入量与高TC血症、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症、混合型高脂血症及血脂异常的发生风险无关（P > 0.05）。膳食果糖对血脂指标及血脂异常的影响可能存在性别差异。     

The vitamin mystique: an analysis of beliefs and reputations of vitamin supplements among a regional sample of grocery shoppers

The objective of the present study was to examine the reputations of vitamin supplements and determine the extent to which supplement reputations among young, middle-aged, and elderly adult men and women correspond to established science. Young, middle-aged and older men and women were recruited as they shopped and were asked to answer a few questions concerning their habits and beliefs about vitamin supplements. The older the participant, the more likely it was they took vitamins; vitamin C was considered most important for all respondents, however, the reputation of vitamin E increased with age. Young and middle-aged women (compared to men) believed vitamin supplements important for health (even if diet is adequate); this was reversed for older men and women.     

广州地区高胆固醇血症与膳食危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨广州地区膳食因素在高胆固醇血症发病中的作用。方法：以1：1病例对照研究方法,于广州南方医院体检中心筛选高胆固醇血症患者200人为病例组,并选取同时期来该院体检的与相应病例年龄、性别、民族、学历配对的健康人群为对照组。结果：单因素分析显示,每日食用叶类蔬菜（OR=0．5,95％cI0．3,0．8）及豆类制品（OR=0．4,95％c10．2,0．9）可降低高胆固醇血症的发生。在调整体质指数的基础上,多因素Logistic回归分析表明,食用叶类蔬菜1-3次／d（OR=0．5,95％cI0．3,0．8）及每日食用豆类制品（OP=0．4,95％C10．2,0．9）为高胆固醇血症的保护因素。其余食物种类及饮料的摄入频率在两组间无显著差异。结论：叶类蔬菜、豆类及豆制品为高胆固醇血症的保护因素。     

黄秋葵的成分测定与分析

本实验测定了黄秋葵中营养成分及相关活性成分的含量,结果显示干的嫩黄秋葵果实中含蛋白质22.98%,总糖19.920%,多糖2.00%,脂肪9.40%和2.56%的黄酮;老果中含有蛋白质15.78%和总糖9.48%,多糖1.1%,脂肪14.36%,黄酮1.48%。蛋白质、多糖、总糖和黄酮的含量随着果实的老化而变少,而脂肪的含量却是随着果实的成熟而增加的。与常见蔬菜比较,嫩的黄秋葵中蛋白质、总糖、多糖含量丰富,具有较高的营养保健价值,是种植、加工、利用前景广阔的上佳蔬菜品种。而其种子中的咖啡碱含量达到1%左右,含量较高,可作为咖啡豆替代品。     

谷氨酰胺(Gln)活性肽营养液的制备研究

50L的反应体积,采用复合酶A和碱性蛋白酶两次酶解玉米蛋白制备Gln活性肽,复合酶A的选用条件为pH8.5、底物浓度[S]2%、酶用量[E]9万U/100g玉米蛋白、温度40℃,水解度DH10;碱性蛋白酶的条件为pH8.5、[E]3万U/100g玉米蛋白、温度45℃,水解1h。酶解液通过超滤(COMW5000)、反渗浓缩(10kg/cm2,常温2h),最后产品中的有效Gln组成(有效Gln占总氨基酸的百分率)为17.9%,总氮得率33.3%。     

Taste perception with age: pleasantness and its relationships with threshold sensitivity and supra-threshold intensity of five taste qualities

The relationships between threshold sensitivity, supra-threshold intensity of NaCl, KCl, sucrose, aspartame, acetic acid, citric acid, caffeine, quinine HCl, monosodium glutamate (MSG) and inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP), and the pleasantness of these stimuli in products, were studied in 21 young subjects (19–33 yr) and 21 older subjects (60–75 yr). For the young, threshold sensitivity was unrelated to supra-threshold intensity for all tastants and in all experimental conditions. For the elderly, in a few cases a relationship was found between threshold sensitivity and suprathreshold intensity, but only when subjects wore a nose clip. The optimally preferred concentration did not differ between the elderly and the young when the products were tasted without a nose clip, except for both sweet tastants, where elderly men showed a higher optimally preferred concentration than did the young. The optimally preferred concentration did not depend on the pleasantness of the foods and was unrelated to threshold sensitivity, but did show a negative correlation with the supra-threshold intensity of sucrose, aspartame and citric acid for the elderly and of NaCl, sucrose and caffeine for the young. This study does not support the assumption that age-related loss of taste sensitivity will inevitably lead to a preference for taste-enhanced foods.     

Influence of chitosan on growth rates and protein metabolism in rats

The results of this experiment indicate that the content of chitosan in the experimental diet of rats influence on the true biological value of protein (BVtr) in the composition of this diet. The change (decrease) BVtr is not directly proportional to the content of chitosan in the diet. The minimum value of BVtr obtained by us has been observed by adding chitosan in an amount of 1.8 grams per 100 grams of dry diet.     

Nitrogen metabolism in elderly persons on a low-calorie diet

The clinical trials covered 9 men aged 58-73 years with daily energy losses of 2200-2350 kcal and given for 10 days the diet (1128 kcal/day) containing different food ingredients. A study was made of the main parameters of nitrogenous metabolism. During the time of being kept on a low-caloric diet, the test subjects lost 2.1 kg body mass. Excretion of total nitrogen dropped 34%, urea 57%. Excretion of creatinine appreciably rose (208% of the initial). The calculation of nitrogenous balance demonstrated protein deficiency to be equal to 209 g during experiments. The concentration of free amino acids in blood plasma decreased: that of replaceable by 29.5%, that of essential ones by 37.6%. It is assumed that the tension of body metabolism affected protein synthesis, whereas the protein quota in the diet did not appear sufficient for elderly subjects.     

Facial distribution of subcutaneous fat in women

Transparency of the skin is an important keyword that is frequently used in questionnaires related to the female skin condition and skin consciousness, as well as an index for 'before and after' comparisons of the effect of cosmetics. However, the concept of 'transparency' has not been concretely defined. In the present study, we investigated the importance of 'transparent skin' and the relationship between transparency and other expressions for skin condition comparing the young with middle-aged and elderly women. Furthermore, we also analyzed the correlation between the subjective assessment score of transparency of panels made by evaluators and the skin physiological parameters of those panels, and compared the difference of their relationship when the young and middle-aged and elderly women were employed as evaluators. Regarding the consciousness of the young women, the importance of 'transparent skin' was ranked in the top position while 'skin roughness' was the chief worry of the middle-aged and elderly women. On the other hand, both age groups indicated that transparent skin is a complex concept composed of skin texture, color, and moisture. Analysis of the relationship between the subjective assessment and the skin physiological parameters showed that the uneven dispersion of b in the skin color (standard deviation), the water content of stratum corneum, and the skin surface configuration (depth of furrows, amount of furrows) closely correlated with the judgment of skin transparency in the young group, in contrast to the uneven dispersion of L and a in the skin color (standard deviation) in the middle-aged and elderly women. These results suggest that there may be no differences between the different age groups in the linguistic concept of transparency, while there may be differences in the physiological characteristics of skin that are utilized in making the judgment of transparency.     

不同年龄段乳粉的挥发性风味成分分析及其分类预测

采用超快速气相电子鼻对婴幼儿、学生、成人和中老年人全脂乳粉共24种样品的挥发性风味成分进行分析,并结合线性判别分析（linear discriminant analysis,LDA）及线性支持向量机（linear support vector machine,LSVM）,对乳粉的香气特征进行分类预测。结果表明,4个不同年龄段乳粉中共检测出54种挥发性风味成分,其中37种共同成分,主要为丙醛、丙酮、己醛和己酸等。丙酸甲酯、1-辛烯-3-酮只在婴幼儿乳粉中存在;(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛和γ-十一内酯是学生乳粉的特有成分;庚醛仅在成人乳粉中被检出;2-丁酮和苯甲醛仅在中老年人乳粉中含有。采用相对气味活性值评价及绘制的香气雷达图结果表明,共有23种挥发性成分对乳粉贡献了香气,其中10种为4个年龄段乳粉共有的关键香气贡献化合物,且乳粉中共同香气为奶香味、蔬菜味、水果味、花香味、青草味、焦糖味、焦油味;另外,杏仁味为婴幼儿乳粉中特征香气。感官评价结果显示,学生、成人乳粉风味总体优于婴幼儿、中老年人乳粉,且与香气雷达图结果差异明显。LDA和LSVM对不同年龄段乳粉的分类、预测准确率分别为93.3...