鼠李糖乳杆菌ZJ225细菌素的分离纯化及其特性研究

从新鲜牛奶中分离筛选出1株有抑菌活性的乳酸菌,经形态学观察、生理生化分析及16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,该菌为鼠李糖乳杆菌,命名为ZJ225。通过排除有机酸、过氧化氢对乳酸菌抑菌活性的干扰试验,该菌发酵上清液仍有明显的抑菌活性;而用胰蛋白酶处理后,该菌的抑菌活性几乎完全丧失,说明该菌产生的活性物质是一种细菌素。该菌具有很广的抑菌谱,不仅对革兰氏阳性菌(藤黄微球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、柠檬色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌、表皮葡萄球菌等)有抑菌活性,而且对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌等)有抑菌作用,甚至对真菌类(酿酒酵母)也有一定程度的抑制作用。经XAD-1180大孔树脂初步分离纯化的细菌素在121℃处理10 min,仍保持很强的抑菌活性,说明该细菌素的热稳定性很好。通过SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳分析该细菌素分子质量为4.4 ku。     

1株分泌细菌素屎肠球菌ZJ19的筛选和鉴定

从浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院的健康初生婴儿粪便中分离获得76株乳酸菌,通过琼脂平板扩散法筛选到1株乳酸菌菌株,该菌不仅对革兰氏阳性菌,如单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有抑菌活性,同时对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、副溶血性杆菌等阴性菌也有较好的抑菌活性。通过排除有机酸、过氧化氢等的干扰后,该菌发酵液离心后的上清液仍有较强的抑菌活性,用蛋白酶K、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶分别处理后该上清液均失去抑菌活性,由此确定该乳酸菌产生的抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质属性,为1种细菌素。该细菌素具有热稳定性,在pH 3.75,121℃热处理30 min,抑菌活性仍保持在80%以上。经过生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定菌株为屎肠球菌,命名为Enterococcus faecium ZJ19。     

西藏干酪源植物乳杆菌产细菌素的分离纯化及特性研究

从西藏干酪中分离筛选出1株能够产生抑菌活性物质的乳酸菌,该菌的发酵上清液在排除有机酸、过氧化氢的影响后仍有显著抑菌活性,然而,用胃蛋白酶、蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性丧失,说明该菌的代谢产物中起抑菌作用的物质具有蛋白质性质,初步确定是一种细菌素。结合形态学观察、生理生化分析及16S rDNA鉴定结果,确定该菌为植物乳杆菌,命名为ZFM804。细菌素经大孔树脂(XAD-16)层析、强阳离子交换层析、RP-HPLC三步法初步纯化。经SDS-PAGE分析该细菌素分子质量约为15 ku。理化性质分析表明该细菌素具有良好的酸碱稳定性:在pH 3~11范围内都具有抑菌活性;良好的热稳定性:100 ℃处理30 min仍有明显抑菌活性,同时可被人体内蛋白酶降解。抑菌谱测定结果表明,ZFM804植物乳杆菌素对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都有抑制作用,是一种广谱细菌素。     

1株产细菌素植物乳杆菌的筛选及其细菌素抑菌性质研究

从广西巴马地区取样的米粉中共分离出31株乳酸菌,以单核细胞增生李斯特菌为指示菌,采用牛津杯平板扩散法检测抑菌物质,筛选得到1株产细菌素的乳酸菌M23。通过微生物形态学与16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌。植物乳杆菌M23代谢产生的乳酸菌细菌素在p H 2.0~10.0范围内具有良好的抑菌活性,121℃处理15 min的条件下依然具有抑菌活性,表明其具有良好的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性。发酵试验表明,该乳酸菌素的最佳收获时间为乳酸菌培养14 h。抑菌谱试验表明,该乳酸菌素能够有效抑制部分食源性革兰氏阳性、阴性致病菌。     

清酒乳杆菌ZJ220产细菌素的研究

从生鲜牛乳中分离获得1株能够产生抑菌活性物质的菌株,在排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰后,该菌发酵上清液仍有明显的抑菌活性。以蛋白酶K、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理发胶上清液后其抑菌活性消失,试验表明该菌株产生的抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,初步确定为一种细菌素。经生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定该菌为清酒乳杆菌,命名为Lactobacillus sakei ZJ220。细菌素经疏水洗脱、离子交换、凝胶过滤3步法得到纯化。经Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析该细菌素分子质量为6.0 ku。抑菌谱测定结果表明,该细菌素不仅能抑制革兰氏阳性菌,而且能抑制革兰氏阴性菌。经不同酸、热处理,该细茵素仍有较好的抑菌活性。     

一株产广谱细菌素乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

为获得产广谱细菌素的乳酸菌,采用经典的乳酸菌筛选法及16S rRNA基因序列测定法,从传统酸白菜中分离乳酸菌并进行菌种鉴定,从蛋白酶稳定性、热稳定性、pH值稳定性和抑菌谱4个方面分析抑菌物质的生物学特性。结果表明,从传统酸白菜中分离出1株产抑菌活性物质的乳酸菌SY5,经鉴定为戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)。将发酵上清用蛋白酶K和胃蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性丧失,表明抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,确定为细菌素。生物学特性分析表明,该细菌素在120℃热处理30 min后仍保留82.7%的抑菌活性,pH值范围为2～7。抑菌谱测定结果表明,该细菌素对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有较好的抑制效果,具有广谱抑菌活性。     

产类细菌素乳酸菌筛选及类细菌素的特性

从泡菜中分离到一株产生类细菌素的乳酸菌,通过双层平板扩散试验测试这种类细菌素的抑菌活性,并且研究其部分生物学特性.经形态特征、生理生化特征和API试剂条鉴定,该菌为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum).产生的类细菌素对所试菌株具有明显的抑制作用,排除有机酸、过氧化氢和糖类的干扰后,仍有抑菌活性.这种类细菌素对热、酸碱稳定,微量的K+,Mn2+,Mg2+能增强其抑菌活性,Fe2+和Cu2+能减弱活性;可被4种蛋白酶失活,表明这种类细菌素是一种蛋白质活性物质.该类细菌素的作用方式是杀菌,抑菌谱广,可抑制多种革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌的生长.     

植物乳杆菌LZ222细菌素的分离纯化及其特性

从新鲜牛奶中分离筛选出一株有抑菌活性的乳酸菌,经形态学观察、生理生化分析及16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,鉴定该菌为植物乳杆菌,命名为LZ222。在排除有机酸、过氧化氢对该菌发酵上清液抑菌活性的干扰试验后,发现其仍有明显的抑菌活性;而将发酵上清液用蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶处理后,其抑菌活性几乎丧失,说明该菌产生的抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,初步确定是一种细菌素。理化性质分析表明:这种细菌素具有良好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,可被人体内蛋白酶降解。通过Tricine-SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳分析该细菌素分子质量为4.6 ku的小分子多肽。     

生物保鲜乳酸菌的筛选及其细菌素特性研究

利用牛津杯法从传统泡菜和腊肠中分离的80株乳酸菌中筛选出10株具有较高抑菌活性的乳酸菌.通过排除酸性产物有机酸、过氧化氢干扰及抑菌谱试验,LAB5和LAB55仍表现广谱的抑菌活性;2菌株发酵上清液经蛋白酶K、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性均有降低,其中LAB5对木瓜蛋白酶敏感,因此可以初步判定这2株乳酸菌产生的抑菌物质为细菌素.2种细菌素具有良好的热稳定性,pH值越低抑菌能力越强;2株菌表现良好的产酸能力,经生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定为植物乳杆菌.     

植物乳杆菌KF1对奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌机制

从开菲尔奶中筛选出一株具有强抑菌活性的乳酸菌KF1,经16S rDNA测序鉴定为植物乳杆菌。排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰试验,通过蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶水解试验,证明该菌株产生的抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,是一种细菌素。该细菌素在pH值2~4范围内抑菌效果稳定,当pH值达到8时,抑菌活性完全丧失;在121℃处理60 min后,仍保留约68%的活性,稳定性较好。抑菌谱试验表明,KF1细菌素对13株奶牛乳房炎病原菌都有不同程度的抑制作用,其中,对无乳链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌作用最强,抑菌直径大于18 mm,抑制效果优于G―菌。通过研究KF1细菌素对菌体细胞壁、细胞膜通透性的影响,揭示其抑菌机制为膜孔道渗漏机制。另外,本文还发现KF1细菌素对多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜的形成―主要的毒力因子具有明显的抑制作用,显示其在奶牛乳房炎预防、治疗方面的应用前景。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the