鸡骨胶原蛋白肽对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化性的研究

目的:采用D-半乳糖注射昆明种成年小鼠,建立衰老模型,研究鸡骨胶原蛋白肽对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法:昆明种成年小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组及VE对照组。以小鼠血清、肝脏及脑组织中的SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的活性及MDA含量为指标,考察鸡骨胶原蛋白肽在体内的抗氧化性能。结果:鸡骨胶原蛋白肽能够显著提高致衰小鼠体内肝组织、脑组织中的GSH-Px、CAT(P<0.05)和SOD活力(P<0.05),而血清、肝组织和脑组织中的MDA含量(P<0.05)则显著降低。结论:摄入适当的鸡骨胶原蛋白肽可以有效地增强小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,从而延缓D-半乳糖诱发的小鼠衰老。     

冬虫夏草对氧化损伤小鼠抗氧化作用研究

研究冬虫夏草对氧化损伤模型小鼠体内抗氧化能力的影响及作用机制。将60只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、维生素E阳性组、冬虫夏草高、中、低组,采用D-半乳糖连续背部注射建立小鼠氧化损伤模型。连续给各受试样品4周后,测定小鼠血清及肝、脑组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、蛋白羰基、还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性及总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant activity,T-AOC);实时定量聚合酶链式反应法测定小鼠肝脏组织中SOD、GSH-Px mRNA表达水平。与模型组比较,冬虫夏草可明显降低小鼠血清中MDA、蛋白羰基含量,升高血清中GSH含量及SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC活性;明显降低小鼠肝脏及脑组织中MDA含量,升高SOD、GSH-Px活性;明显升高小鼠肝脏组织中SOD、GSH-Px mRNA表达水平。冬虫夏草能明显提高氧化损伤小鼠的体内抗氧化能力,其机制可能与调节抗氧化酶基因表达有关。     

红米红色素对衰老小鼠血清抗氧化能力的影响

实验研究了红米红色素对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠血清抗氧化能力的影响。通过连续颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖来建立小鼠亚急性衰老模型,并从第2周起在注射D-半乳糖的同时灌胃给予不同剂量红米红色素溶液,6周后检测各组小鼠血清的T-AOC、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性、MDA含量,结果显示:与模型组小鼠相比,红米红色素可以不同程度地提高血清的T-AOC以及SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性,同时可以有效地降低MDA的含量。实验结果表明红米红色素可以通过清除自由基和抑制脂质过氧化来提高D-半乳糖致衰小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

鲜马奶粉的体内抗氧化活性

研究鲜马奶粉对D-半乳糖诱导的氧化损伤小鼠体内抗氧化作用。小鼠随机分为6组—空白对照组(灌胃生理盐水),D-半乳糖氧化损伤模型组(80 mg/kg D.Gal),阳性对照组(Vc,1 g/kg),鲜马奶粉低、中、高剂量组(40、80、120 mg/kg)。45 d后,测定小鼠肝脏、脾脏及血清中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、蛋白质(考马斯亮蓝染色法)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、一氧化氮(NO)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)含量及观察小鼠体重变化趋势。结果显示:与模型组比较,鲜马奶粉可拮抗小鼠消瘦,增强血清、肝脏及脾脏中SOD和GSH的活性、减少MDA、MPO、XOD、NO、NOS的含量。鲜马奶粉具有阻止氧化损伤的作用,其机制可能与抑制自由基产生,增加体内抗氧化酶的活性,提高机体抗氧化能力有关。     

草果甲醇溶出物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用机理研究

目的:了解明草果甲醇溶出物对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗氧化功效。方法:采用D-半乳糖结合高脂饲料建立ICR小鼠衰老模型,高、低剂量组分别添加草果溶出物200、100mg/kg,考察血浆和肝组织中SOD、GSH、GSH-Px、MDA、8-ISO-PGF2α指标。结果:以模型为参照,血指标显示,草果组SOD活力极显著提高(p<0.01),草果组GSH含量均极显著提高(p<0.01),GSH-Px活力也极显著提高(p<0.01),草果组MDA含量均显示显著降低(p<0.05),高剂量组8-ISOPGF2α含量显著降低(p<0.05);肝指标显示,低剂量组SOD活力显著提高(p<0.05),高剂量组差异极显著(p<0.01),高剂量组GSH含量极显著提高(p<0.01),能极显著提高GSH-Px活力(p<0.01),极显著降低MDA含量(p<0.01);结论:草果甲醇溶出物能够显著提高小鼠SOD、GSH、GSH-Px指标,MDA和8-ISO-PGF2α含量显著下降。     

沙棘果渣醇提物对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的:研究沙棘果渣醇提物对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法:雄性昆明(KM)小鼠(n=60)随机分为五组,每组12只,皮下注射D-半乳糖(120mg/kg·bw·d)造衰老模型,低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃50、100、200mg/kg·bw·d的沙棘果渣醇提物,模型组灌胃等量的蒸馏水。8周后,收集血液和组织进行检测,测定血清、肝脏和脑组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与模型组相比,沙棘果渣醇提物可显著提高小鼠血清、肝脏和脑组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和T-AOC活力,并降低MDA含量。结论:沙棘果渣醇提物可减轻D-半乳糖导致的氧化损伤,具有一定的抗氧化能力,此抗氧化能力与醇提物中富含黄酮组分有关。     

抗氧化活性酸奶对D-半乳糖诱导氧化损伤大鼠脑的保护作用

研究植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)NDC75017和嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)偶联发酵酸奶对D-半乳糖(D-galactose,D-Gal)氧化损伤大鼠大脑的保护作用。实验分为6个组,包括空白对照组、阴性对照组(D-Gal模型)、阳性对照组(VE)、酸奶低、中、高剂量组。检测大鼠的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,i NOS)活力,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、一氧化氮含量以及大鼠体质量变化,脑组织中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)-3、caspase-9的表达,并采用苏木素伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色分析脑损伤程度。结果表明,与阴性对照相比,酸奶各剂量组能增强大鼠脑组织SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活力,同时降低MDA、NO的含量和i NOS活力。其中,高剂量处理组对提高脑组织SOD、GSH-Px活力效果最好,分别比阴性对照组提高了67.8%、22.8%(P0.05)。高剂量酸奶组使大脑CAT活力达到了阳性对照组的水平(P0.05)。在大鼠脑中,随着酸奶剂量的升高,MDA含量也随之下降,其中高剂量效果最好,达到了空白对照水平(P0.05)。同时,酸奶各剂量组对降低NO的含量和i NOS活力也有一定的效果。结论:植物乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌偶联发酵酸奶能够通过提高衰老大鼠血清和脑组织内抗氧化酶系的活力,降低MDA、NO的含量和i NOS活力,并抑制了caspase-9、caspase-3的表达。HE染色结果也证实,一定量的酸奶能减少氧化应激对脑组织的损害,具有延缓衰老的作用。     

核桃内种皮提取物的体内抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究核桃内种皮多酚提取物对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法:ICR小鼠60只,随机分为五组,每组12只,对模型对照组和剂量组采取颈部皮下注射D-半乳糖(120mg/kg·bw·d)制造衰老模型,低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃200、400、800mg/kg·bw·d的核桃内种皮多酚提取物,模型组灌胃等量的生理盐水。8周后,取血液和组织进行检测,测定血清、肝脏和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与模型组相比,核桃内种皮多酚提取物可显著提高小鼠血清、肝脏和脑组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和T-AOC活力,并降低MDA含量。结论:核桃内种皮多酚提取物可减轻D-半乳糖导致的氧化损伤,具有一定的抗氧化能力,此抗氧化能力与提取物中富含多酚成分有关。     

略阳乌鸡汤对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠不同组织的保护作用

目的:研究略阳乌鸡汤对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠不同组织的抗氧化作用,为略阳乌鸡的深加工和产业化开发提供理论支撑。方法:通过分析略阳乌鸡汤中矿物质元素和氨基酸含量,评价略阳乌鸡汤的主要营养价值。采用腹腔注射D-半乳糖构建衰老小鼠模型,用略阳乌鸡汤对衰老模型小鼠进行灌胃干预,连续干预10周。记录小鼠生长状态及体重变化,检测血清、睾丸、肝脏以及肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和丙二醛（MDA）含量。制备肝脏、肾脏、睾丸组织切片,通过HE染色观察组织病理学变化,通过SA-β-GAL染色分析不同处理组小鼠睾丸、肾脏和肝脏的衰老程度。结果:略阳乌鸡汤中未检出铅、砷、汞,钙、锌、硒含量分别为1040±2.59 mg/kg、3.25±0.65 mg/kg、8.72±0.53 μg/kg;氨基酸总量1234 mg/100 g,其中必需氨基酸占25.5%,非必需氨基酸占74.5%,支链氨基酸占8.16%。与衰老模型组相比,略阳乌鸡汤干预组能显著（P<0.05）提高小鼠血清、睾丸、肝脏以及肾脏SOD活力、T-AOC、GSH-Px活力,显著降低MDA含量（P<0.05）。HE染色和SA-β-GAL染色发现,略阳乌鸡汤能显著修复D-半乳糖对小鼠不同组织造成的损伤。结论:略阳乌鸡汤具有明显的抗氧化能力,可延缓衰老。     

徽州贡菊总黄酮对D半乳糖致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用

目的:探讨徽州贡菊总黄酮对衰老小鼠抗氧化作用的影响。方法:D-半乳糖致衰老模型法,采用200、400、800mg/(kg·dbw)剂量的徽州贡菊总黄酮给小鼠灌胃,检测血清和肝中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和血清、肝及脑中的MDA含量。结果:与模型组比较,不同剂量组能显著提高血清和肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、T-AOC活性,降低血清、肝脏和脑组织中MDA含量。结论:徽州贡菊总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化功能。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the