山区陡坡地段管道布管技术的探索

在输油输气管道的铺设过程中,难免会遇到山区陡坡地段,由于其地段纵横度较大、容易受泥石流、滑坡、塌方等地质灾害的威胁,成为管道施工过程中的关键控制难点之一。如何进行有效的布管和稳管是施工的重点和难点,解决了布管和稳管技术就等于攻克掉了最大的难题,并且将会对控制投资、提高施工效率等具有重大意义。本文笔者从山区陡坡地段管道布管技术进行探究,并提出相关可行性建议。     

浅谈油气海底管道施工技术

通过对目前胜利油田浅海开发的现状分析,总结出油气海底管道施工的工序,其主要分为六个步骤,将施工过程标注化,同时对海底管道施工的管道铺设方法、挖沟埋管、测试压力、探测等过程加以介绍,并分析每个过程中采用的技术手段和施工注意事项,从而比较全面的介绍和分析了油气海底管道施工的技术。     

海底管道不停产带压开孔技术的应用与分析

介绍了水下不停产带压开孔技术在渤海某海底输气管道修复作业中的应用,并对水下带压开孔技术和施工工艺进行了研究,分析了带压开孔作业过程中的各种施工风险及相关控制措施。     

天然气管道带压开孔施工技术

介绍了天然气管道带压开孔施工的原理,阐述了天然气管道带压开孔的工艺与施工过程,对类似工程的施工提供一定的参考作用。     

HDPE管道在排水工程中的应用特点

高密度聚乙烯管简称HDPE管。本文通过HDPE管道施工特点及其与混凝土管经济效益比较的论述,指出HDPE管道在排水工程的应用范围及连接施工特点,最后指出了HDPE管道在应用中应加以注意的问题。     

浅议空压站管道设计

文章介绍了作者亲身参与设计的一空压站项目的设计,从装置组成、主要管道材料选择、设备平面布置、厂房立面布置、设备基础、管道布置以及空压机进气、排气、泄气管线的管架设计等方面全面介绍了空压站管道专业的设计过程,在叙述中包含了设计过程中需要注意的事项。     

浅谈玻璃钢管道的维护施工工艺

玻璃钢管作为一种新型的管材,因其独有的性能优势备受石油化工及城镇给排水等行业的青睐。结合玻璃钢管道在安塞油田采出水处理系统中的应用情况,介绍了集输大队采出水回供DN150玻璃钢管道的运行情况,着重阐述了玻璃钢管材的维护施工工艺,以及维护过程中应注意的问题。     

穿越既有线顶管施工过程中遇到的问题及对策研究

介绍了顶管施工的工艺特点.结合施工实际,对穿越既有线顶管施工过程中可能会出现管道轴线偏差过大、地面沉降与隆起、顶力突然增大、工具管旋转、钢筋混凝土管道接口渗漏、钢筋混凝土管节裂缝、顶管前端正面上体坍塌的问题进行了全面的分析,并就出现这些问题的原因和应对策略进行了研究.     

新型石墨烯防腐涂料在凝露天然气管道的在线施工应用

天然气站场阀室管道涂层在凝露下容易起泡和生锈,漆膜腐蚀和老化现象明显.采用新型石墨烯改性重防腐涂料体系(包括环氧石墨烯防腐底漆和无溶剂水下固化面漆)对其进行修复.室内模拟试验和现场应用试验均表明该石墨烯防腐涂料可在凝露环境中在线施工,涂层平整均匀,附着力强,防腐性能好.     

带压封堵技术在成品油管道的应用

某成品油管线因与哈尔滨至大连的电气化铁路建设冲突,需要迁移部分管道,为避免管道停输造成生产损失,采取了双侧双封不停输带压开孔封堵技术,从而使管道施工与生产运行两不误.文章介绍了带压开孔封堵设备的结构特点、工作原理、施工步骤,并且重点介绍了施工中需要注意的事项,为今后的管道施工提供了借鉴.     

长输天然气管道干空气干燥最优长度优化计算

天然气管道建成后必须进行水压试验,使管道内含水量较高,输气管道投产前存在于管道内壁和管道低洼处的液态水对天然气有增湿作用,导致天然气露点在输气管道投产初期不能满足管输要求.为此,投产前需要对天然气管道进行干燥处理.干空气干燥是目前广泛采用的干燥方式,通过建立以干燥时间、压缩机费用、干燥空气费用和压缩机运输安装费用为最小...     

天然气单管伴热集输管道伴热优化

天然气在开采出来之后,经常含有水,天然气水合物是天然气与水在一定的压力和温度下形成的结晶笼状固态化合物。天然气水合物可能导致管道、仪表和分离设备的堵塞,对天然气的输送是有害的。石油与天然气输送的管道中,常用采用添加除水剂的方法,压力控制方法,伴热的方法来维持生产操作及停输期间管道内介质的温度与压力。着重研究利用单管热水伴热的方法来抑制天然气集气管道中水合物的生成。主要概述了利用热水伴热方法对管道进行伴热,并且借助VB程序编制软件完成热水伴热的输送过程的相关分析计算,通过计算的数据结果进行绘图,在符合实际伴热条件的的同时,选出最优方案。     

A New Treatment Strategy for Inactivating Algae in Ballast Water Based on Multi-Trial Injections of Chlorine

Ships’ ballast water can carry aquatic organisms into foreign ecosystems. In our previous studies, a concept using ion exchange membrane electrolysis to treat ballast water has been proven. In addition to other substantial approaches, a new strategy for inactivating algae is proposed based on the developed ballast water treatment system. In the new strategy, the means of multi-trial injection with small doses of electrolytic products is applied for inactivating algae. To demonstrate the performance of the new strategy, contrast experiments between new strategies and routine processes were conducted. Four algae species including Chlorella vulgaris, Platymonas subcordiformis, Prorocentrum micans and Karenia mikimotoi were chosen as samples. The different experimental parameters are studied including the injection times and doses of electrolytic products. Compared with the conventional one trial injection method, mortality rate time (MRT) and available chlorine concentration can be saved up to about 84% and 40%, respectively, under the application of the new strategy. The proposed new approach has great potential in practical ballast water treatment. Furthermore, the strategy is also helpful for deep insight of mechanism of algal tolerance.     

动量比对气液射入压载水管路混溶过程的影响

船舶排放的压载水是造成地理性隔离水体间有害生物传播的最主要途径,至今还没有一种环境友好的阻断方法。在压载水输运管路中,利用高级氧化技术可以有效致死水中携带的大量海洋微小生物,是目前实现在船在线治理远洋船舶压载水最可行的方法。但由于压载水排放量大、流速高,其与高级氧化剂溶液的混溶过程直接影响海洋微小生物的致死效果。针对这一问题,利用Eulerian-Eulerian 双流体模型数值模拟了含有羟基自由基的气液垂直射入压载水输运管路的混溶过程。气体体积分数示踪结果显示,在约束横流环境中,冲击射流在上游壁面形成的scarf涡是形成下游反向涡旋对的主要原因,也是冲击射流与横流混合的源动力。同时也发现在下游壁面射流内存在气体集中的问题。     

船舶压载水处理设备及应用技术研究进展

船舶压载水造成的生物入侵一直是困扰各国海洋环境保护的难题之一,而有效的压载水处理技术是解决压载水生物入侵的有效途径。介绍了3种已被国际海事组织(IMO)最终认可的压载水处理设备及其作用原理。同时着重阐述了目前压载水的物理处理、化学处理和联合处理技术的作用机理和研究进展,并比较了各处理方法的优缺点。如何使环境、经济相协调是压载水处理方法研究的一个主要问题,研究高效、可行、低成本、对环境友好的压载水处理方法成为今后压载水处理方法研究的主要发展趋势。     

Novel Electrokinetic Microfluidic Detector for Evaluating Effectiveness of Microalgae Disinfection in Ship Ballast Water

Ship ballast water treatment methods face many technical challenges. The effectiveness of every treatment method usually is evaluated by using large scale equipment and a large volume of samples, which involves time-consuming, laborious, and complex operations. This paper reports the development of a novel, simple and fast platform of methodology in evaluating the efficiency and the best parameters for ballast water treatment systems, particularly in chemical disinfection. In this study, a microfluidic chip with six sample wells and a waste well was designed, where sample transportation was controlled by electrokinetic flow. The performance of this microfluidic platform was evaluated by detecting the disinfection of Dunaliella salina (D. salina) algae in ballast water treated by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution. Light-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LICF) intensity was used to determine the viability of microalgae cells in the system, which can be operated automatically with the dimension of the detector as small as 50 mm × 24 mm × 5 mm. The 40 µL volume of sample solution was used for each treatment condition test and the validity of detection can be accomplished within about five min. The results show that the viability of microalgae cells under different treatment conditions can be determined accurately and further optimal treatment conditions including concentrations of NaClO and treatment time can also be obtained. These results can provide accurate evaluation and optimal parameters for ballast water treatment methods.     

Numerical simulation of mixing process of gas–liquid impinging jet in ballast water discharge pipe

When a gas–liquid turbulent jet with hydroxyl free radicals is jetted into a ballast water discharge pipe to kill the invasive microbes, there is a challenge for hydroxyl free radicals to contact a large number of microbes in ballast water. In this paper, the Eulerian–Eulerian two-equation model is employed to simulate the mixing process of gas–liquid being jetted into the ballast water crossflow. The results show that the upstream wall-surface vortices lead to counter-rotating scarf vortex pairs (CVSPs) at downstream in confined crossflow, which enhance the mixing process. However, it is hard for the gas in the downstream wall-surface jet to diffuse due to the fact that the CVSPs have no influence on the downstream wall-surface jet. Therefore, the higher the momentum ratio is, the lower the value of weighted coefficient of variation of gas volume fraction at outlet is, however, when the momentum ratio is constant, the weighted coefficient of variation first drops and then goes up with increasing diameter ratio.     

船舶压舱水的危害及压舱水处理技术的现状

船舶压舱水是外来有害生物入侵的重要载体,生物入侵造成的环境问题己成为危害海洋环境的四大威胁之一。文章综述了压舱水生物入侵的现状及危害,并介绍了压舱水处理技术的研究现状,对压舱水处理技术的前景进行展望。     

用于油田注气的燃煤电站锅炉烟气处理工艺分析

将燃煤电厂锅炉产生的烟气经处理后注入油井既能提高原油采收率,同时还可以实现CO2温室气体的减排,因而具有经济和社会的双重效益。利用电厂燃煤锅炉烟气的关键在于烟气的净化处理工艺,本文针对注入烟道气和CO2气两种情况,对烟气处理技术路线进行了分析。对注入烟道气的情况,推荐采用非选择性催化烟气脱硝除氧 石灰石湿法脱硫 静电或袋式除尘 冷冻或吸附干燥处理工艺流程,同时,烟道气的输送采用高压管道输送方式。对注入CO2气的情况,推荐采用非选择性催化烟气脱硝除氧 石灰石湿法脱硫 静电或袋式除尘 化学溶剂吸收法CO2分离 冷冻或吸附法CO2干燥 氨制冷法CO2液化处理工艺流程,同时,CO2的输送可以采用管道输送或罐车运送方式。     

Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review

Invasive aquatic species discharged through ballast water is one of the most serious problems posed nowadays in the marine environment. This review paper summarizes the available technologies applied for ballast water treatment. These technologies can be either port‐based or ship‐based, with the latter being easier to implement. Special emphasis was given to onboard treatment methods, which can be categorized as physical separation, mechanical or chemical methods. The efficiency of the methods, as well as the capacity of application and the target microorganisms were compiled and are presented in this review. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry