结合方差及方差梯度的指纹图像改进分割算法

通过对基于方差及方差梯度的指纹图像分割算法的分析,提出一种改进算法。将指纹图像分块,结合各块方差及其梯度信息,自适应选取两个分割阈值,分割后去除孤立图像块,得到最终分割结果。实验表明,该算法简单快速,能够更有效地去除图像中的局部模糊区域,同时更完整地保留有效指纹区。     

基于双子代差分演化和自适应分块机制的多聚焦图像融合算法

基于分块的多聚焦图像融合算法是多聚焦图像融合领域中的一个重要算法。基于差分演化的多聚焦图像融合算法将图像分块大小作为差分演化算法的种群,通过多次演化,最后获得使融合图像效果最好的图像分块。为克服标准差分演化算法由于丢失父代种群的部分信息导致收敛速度变慢、全局搜索范围较小,以及当对应图像块的清晰度相等时该算法的处理方式会改变源图像的像素值的缺点,在原算法的基础上,引入双子代机制和自适应分块机制,提出一种基于双子代差分演化和自适应分块机制的多聚焦图像融合算法。在演化过程中生成两个子代种群,最大程度上保留父代种群的信息,扩大全局搜索范围,提高算法的收敛性能;利用自适应分块机制,当出现图像块清晰度相等的情况时,将图像块分解成更小的图像块,然后再进行清晰度的比较,使改进算法获得的融合图像比原算法获得的效果更好,而且不会改变源图像的像素值。实验结果表明,基于双子代差分演化和自适应分块机制的多聚焦图像融合算法可以获得比原算法效果更好的融合图像,而且收敛性能更好。     

基于图像块能量梯度的多聚焦图像融合

针对多聚焦图像,提出一种基于图像分块的融合方法。将源图像分为大小相同数量相等的子块,采用能量梯度算子作为对焦评价函数,计算各个图像子块能量梯度匹配度,设置匹配度阈值分离出源图像中的清晰区域。源图像中的清晰区域直接作为融合图像相应的区域,其它区域的处理中,构造与相应子块能量梯度大小相关的图像序列,以及像素点到各个子块中心距离相关的融合函数,然后用融合函数对图像序列融合。实验结果表明该方法有效性和合理性。     

基于图像分块与特征融合的户外图像天气识别

在视频监控及智能交通等领域,雾、雨、雪等恶劣天气会严重影响视频图像能见度,因此快速识别出当前的天气情况,并自适应地对监控视频进行清晰化处理极为重要.针对传统天气识别方法效果差以及天气图像数据集缺乏的问题,构建了一个多类别天气图像分块数据集,并提出了一种基于图像分块与特征融合的天气识别算法.该算法基于传统方法提取平均梯度...     

基于分块信息熵的彩色图像融合算法

针对常用的彩色图像融合算法在融合过程中降低原图像空间分辨率的问题,提出了一种基于分块信息熵的彩色图像融合算法。算法通过对图像进行块划分,计算分块图像在 IHS 色彩空间中亮度分量 I 上的信息熵,以对应块中信息熵大的为主元进行融合,得到新的融合图像。实验表明,与常用的IHS变换及PCA图像融合算法相比本文提出的方法可以更好的统筹源图像的场景细节信息,且在信息熵与平均梯度等方面都有很好的表现,具备一定的实用价值。     

融合偏微分方程和中值滤波的图像去噪模型

针对基于偏微分方程(PDE)的图像去噪模型不能有效地去除脉冲噪声,并且低阶偏微分方程在去噪的同时会出现“块效应”现象的问题,提出一种融合偏微分方程和自适应中值滤波的图像去噪模型。该模型通过对图像梯度的分析,在梯度变化剧烈区域和梯度变化微小区域利用二阶模型去噪以提高去噪效率;而在梯度渐变区域利用四阶模型平滑图像以避免出现“块效应”现象。同时,利用脉冲噪声梯度值远大于边缘梯度值的特点,定位脉冲噪声所在区域,在该区域利用自适应中值滤波消除脉冲噪声。该方法能有效去除脉冲噪声,保护图像边缘并消除“块效应”现象,同时提高了去噪效率。实验表明了该模型的有效性。     

自适应融合局部和全局稀疏表示的图像显著性检测

针对基于局部或全局稀疏表示的图像显著性检测方法频繁出现提取对象不完整、边界不光滑及噪声消除不干净等问题,提出自适应融合局部和全局稀疏表示的图像显著性检测方法。首先,对原始图像进行分块处理,利用图像块代替像素操作,降低算法复杂度;其次,对分块后的图像进行局部稀疏表示,即：针对每一个图像块,选取其周围的若干图像块生成过完备字典,基于该字典对图像块进行稀疏重构,得到原始图像的初始局部显著图,该显著图能够有效提取显著性目标的边缘信息;接着,对分块后的图像进行全局稀疏表示,与局部稀疏表示过程类似,不同的是针对每一个图像块所生成的字典来源于图像四周边界处的图像块,这样可以得到能有效检测出显著性目标内部区域的初始全局显著图;最后,将初始局部和全局显著图进行自适应融合,生成最终显著图。实验结果表明,提出算法在查准率（precision）、查全率（recall）及F-measure等指标上优于几种经典的图像显著性检测方法。     

基于自适应空域滤波的图像去块效应算法

分块有损压缩图像忽略了块间相关性,重构时会产生块效应,该文提出一种空域自适应去块效应算法。对块边缘采用方向自适应有理滤波,以弱化块效应。根据块的内部活动性将图像块分成平坦块和纹理块2类,利用基于方差的空域检测方法检测出平坦块,并对平坦块进行邻块边缘自适应平滑。实验结果表明,该算法有效去除了块效应,一定程度上提高了信噪比,算法简单且鲁棒性较好。     

自适应多尺度分块压缩感知算法

目的 基于小波域的多尺度分块压缩感知重构算法忽略了高频信号在重构过程中的作用,丢失了大量的边缘与细节信息。针对上述问题,提出一种自适应多尺度分块压缩感知算法,不仅合理利用低频信息还充分利用图像的高频信息,在图像细节复杂度提高的情况下保证图像重构质量的提高。方法 首先进行3层小波变换,得到一个低频信号和9个高频信号,分别进行小波逆变换后分成大小相同互不重叠的块,对低频部分采用2维邻块边缘自适应加权滤波的方法进行处理,对高频部分采用纹理自适应分块采样,最后利用平滑投影Landweber（SPL）算法对其进行重构。结果 与已有的分块压缩感知算法、基于边缘和方向的分块压缩感知算法和基于纹理和方向的分块压缩感知算法相比,本文算法在不同的采样率下,性能均有所提升,代表细节信息的高频信号得到充分重建,改进的算法所得到的重建图像具有较高的分辨率,尤其对细节较为丰富的图像进行重建后具有较高的峰值信噪比;2维邻块边缘自适应加权滤波有效的去除了重建图像的块效应,且重建时间平均减少了0.3 s。结论 将三层小波变换后的高频分量作为纹理部分,利用自适应多尺度分块重建出图像的轮廓与边缘;将低频分量直接视为平坦部分,邻块边缘自适应加权滤波重建出图像细节,不仅充分利用了图像的高低频信息,还减少了平坦块检测过程,使得重建时间有效缩短。经实验验证,本文算法重建图像质量较好,尤其是对复杂图像明显消除了块效应,边缘和纹理细节较清晰。因此主要适用于纹理细节较复杂的人脸图像、建筑图像和遥感图像等。     

用于飞行员视觉增强的快速红外图像增强方法

提出了一种基于图像分块并行处理的快速的红外图像增强的方法.在对图像进行分块并行处理的基础上,综合利用改进的中值滤波算法、快速Sobel边缘检测算法、自适应权值的加权平均图像融合算法对红外图像进行快速处理.改进的中值滤波算法效果好于MTM算法,自适应权值的加权平均图像融合算法比基于区域对比度的权值选择法更好地抑制噪声,对...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。