考虑叶轮与蜗壳间隙的风机多因素正交优化设计

为了探究叶轮与蜗壳的上盖板间隙、下盖板间隙改变对风机性能的影响,分析风机性能改善的内部流场机理,获得静压效率更高的风机,将正交试验设计方法、CFD技术和试验验证等相结合,发展了一种基于正交试验设计方法和CFD技术的离心风机优化方法,并将该方法应用于某工业离心风机的优化设计;将叶轮与蜗壳的上盖板间隙、下盖板间隙和叶片前安装角作为3个独立因素,以静压效率为优化目标,基于该优化方法,对原风机进行多因素多水平的正交试验优化设计。结果表明,优化后风机的静压效率为77.29%,对比原风机静压效率提高了2.54%;叶轮与蜗壳上间隙对风机静压效率影响较大,优化后风机的湍流强度明显降低,二次流损失减小,风机气动性提高。     

蓖冷风机的数值模拟及内流场分析

对篦冷风机的三维内部流场进行了数值模拟,预测了风机的整体性能曲线,通过与试验数据比较表明了数值计算的可靠性.通过数值模拟,详细分析了风机子午平面和回转面的流动情况,分析了篦冷风机流场内射流-尾流、进风口与叶轮之间的间隙流动、叶轮流道内的二次流等局部流动特征.     

纤维输送风机的设计与试验研究

针对纺织行业纤维物料输送风机效率低、噪声高等缺点,在考虑安全性前提下对风机叶轮形式进行了有效改进设计;并对叶轮与机壳之间间隙控制方面进行了试验研究.设计的新型风机经推广应用,表明其具有安全可靠、噪声低、效率高等性能.     

两种尾缘凹陷方式对开式轴流叶轮内流特性及性能影响分析

开式轴流叶轮因其无外壳结构造成风机内部流动结构复杂。论文采用数值分析与实验结合的方法,以某室外机用开式3叶轴流叶轮为模型,通过改进叶轮尾缘结构,设计了两组不同的尾缘凹陷方案进行数值模拟和试验研究。结果显示:尾缘凹陷能够有效改善叶片表面压力分布,减小压力面与吸力面之间的压力差,减小叶顶间隙涡流区,改善角区分离,减弱叶轮尾迹,有效改善叶轮内部流动。对比实际工作流量点,在相同转速条件下,尾缘凹陷使得风机全压降低5.2Pa,功率降低28.0%;在相同工况条件下,叶轮功率降低达14.3%,节能效果明显。     

口环间隙对高温泵转子稳定性的影响

为改善高温泵转子的运行稳定性,对不同口环间隙的模型泵进行了数值模拟,分析了口环间隙对高温泵性能的影响规律,计算了不同口环间隙下的形变量和转子部件临界转速,通过谐响应分析研究口环间隙对叶轮位移-频率响应曲线的影响规律,确定发生共振的位移及频率.研究结果表明:当口环间隙从0.4 mm增加至1 mm,设计工况下,模型泵的扬程...     

“可控涡”方法在离心叶轮设计中的应用研究

采用流线曲率法求解S2流面反问题,为了考虑由于流体粘性损失造成的熵增,将Galvas的一维管流损失模型修改后应用于二维通流计算中并与主方程耦合求解,并编制了一套离心叶轮"可控涡"通流设计程序。为了探讨加入同等的欧拉功条件下不同环量分布方式对叶轮流场及性能的影响,以某给定设计目标的离心叶轮为研究对象,在满足后加载的前提下针对叶片尾缘附近环量的导数采取两种不同的分布方式进行通流设计,并进行了全三维粘性流动分析比较。结果表明:气流环量及环量沿流向的导数分别对叶片通道内的速度分布和叶片表面的载荷分布有着显著地影响。     

基于多目标遗传算法的新型三通管形优化设计方法

传统T形三通管的流体动力学仿真表明，在管形分支处会产生强烈的涡流区和二次流现象，并产生了较大压力损失。论文提出了一种新型三通管形，将直角支管部分设计成两段弯曲的形式，以优化区域的长度以及两段弯曲管路的半径为设计变量，以最小化二次流和压力损失为目标，采用多目标遗传算法，对新型三通管的结构参数进行了优化设计。优化后的新型三通管比传统T形三通管二次流减小了76.98%，压力损失减小了13.05%。为分支管路的设计提供了参考。     

叶顶间隙对轴流风机内部流场影响的研究

基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型和 SIMPLE 算法,对某轴流式通风机在不同叶顶间隙下进行了设计工况时的数值模拟.讨论了不同叶顶间隙大小对风机性能的影响,分析了叶轮出口截面速度、压力等参数的分布以及叶顶泄漏流和泄漏涡随间隙大小的变化情况.数值结果表明,随叶顶间隙逐渐增大,风机性能不断下降;叶轮出口截面速度、总压和湍动能大小受间隙泄漏流的影响明显;泄漏涡由泄漏流与主流发生卷吸而形成,且泄漏涡会受到间隙大小的影响.     

采用分组模型的高比转速离心风机改进设计

为了提升某高比转速离心风机的气动性能,采用分组设计的方法,结合试验和数值模拟依次对原始风机的叶轮、蜗壳和集流器进行了改进设计。结果表明：叶轮前盘型线对高比转速离心风机的气动性能影响较大,仅对叶轮前盘型线改进设计后,风机的全压和效率分别提升了9.64%和8.91%;双圆弧叶片相较于单圆弧叶片具有更高的设计自由度,可实现对叶轮内部流动更加精细的控制,当双圆弧叶片的相对半径系数和相对叶片角系数分别取0.7和0.3时,全压效率值为87.43%;经过分组改进设计后的风机在设计工况下的全压和全压效率较原始风机分别提升了17.84%和12.79%,最高效率值为88.58%,内部流场得到优化,流动损失明显减小,性能得到全面提升。采用分组模型的改进设计方法可以有效地提升离心风机的气动性能,具有实际工程应用价值。     

流面倾斜叶轮最佳轮毂比的确定

针对流面倾斜叶轮风机三元流动特性,在改进损失模型的基础上,导出了效率与轮毂比之间的解析关系,提出了按最高效率确定叶轮出口轮毂比,按倾斜流面叶栅最大许可当量出气角确定叶轮进口极限轮毂比。实验表明,本文方法与实验结果吻合较好,并具有实用性。     

对旋轴流风机叶顶形态对其性能的影响

为了探究改变叶顶结构对风机性能的影响，采用Fluent对不同叶顶形态的对旋轴流风机性能进行数值模拟。分析了不同叶顶形态对风机效率、全压、叶顶泄漏流和泄漏涡的影响。结果表明：风机效率随叶顶开槽长度的增加而增大。在开槽长度和深度相同时，与第一级叶轮相比，改变第二级叶轮的叶顶形态对风机性能的改善更加显著。与后缘相比，在叶顶前缘开槽对风机性能改善更大。叶顶开槽后，间隙处形成泄漏涡，且叶顶泄漏流入口处涡流强度明显提高，可有效削弱叶顶泄漏流的发展，改善风机性能。     

对旋轴流风机叶顶间隙对其性能的影响

为了探究改变对旋轴流风机两级叶轮的叶顶间隙对其性能的影响，建立不同叶顶间隙下风机三维模型，利用Fluent进行数值模拟，并结合风机性能试验验证仿真的正确性。分析压升、效率、轴功率、湍流动能和叶顶泄漏涡随两级叶轮叶顶间隙的变化情况，结果表明：在相同流量下，压升、效率随间隙的增大而减小；与第一级叶轮相比，间隙对第二级叶轮的轴功率、湍流动能及泄漏涡影响更加显著；随间隙增大，叶顶泄漏涡的强度和影响区域越大。     

Tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor

Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor which has the same configuration of impeller with six different tip clearances. Secondary flow and loss distribution have been surveyed to understand the flow mechanism due to the tip clearance. Tip leakage flow strongly interacts with mainstream flow and considerably changes the secondary flow and the loss distribution inside the impeller passage. A method has been described to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance drop and the efficiency drop. The tip clearance has caused specific work reduction and additional entropy generation. The former, which is called inviscid loss, is independent of any internal loss and the latter, which is called viscous loss, is dependent on every loss in the flow passage. Two components equally affected the performance drop as the tip clearances were small, while the efficiency drop was influenced by the viscous component alone. The additional entropy generation was modeled with all the kinetic energy of the tip leakage flow. Therefore, the present paper can provide how to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance and efficiency.     

Performance prediction and flow field calculation for airfoil fan with impeller inlet clearance

The performance prediction of an airfoil fan using a commerical code, STAR/CD, is verified by comparing the calculated results with measured performance data and velocity fields of an airfoil fan. The effects of inlet tip clearance on performance are investigated. The calculations overestimate the pressure rise performance by about 10–25 percent. However, the performance reduction due to tip clearance is well predicted by numerical simulations. Main source of performance decrease is not only the slip factor but also impeller efficiency. The reduction in performance is 12–16 percent for 1 percent gap of the diameter. The calculated reductions in impeller efficiency and slip factor are also linearly proportional to the gap size. The span-wise distributions of phase averaged velocity and pressure at the impeller exit are strongly influenced by the radial gap size. The radial component of velocity and the flow angle increase over the passage as the gap increases. The slip factor decreases and the loss increases with the gap size. The high velocity of leakage jet affects the impeller inlet and passage flows. With a larger clearance, the main stream moves to the impeller hub side and high loss region extends from the shroud to the hub.     

低压轴流风机叶顶间隙对叶尖涡及外部性能的影响研究

基于其一动叶可调的低压轴流风机叶轮,通过对其在不同叶顶间隙下的叶顶区域进行数值模拟分析。计算结果分析表明:该轴流风机在叶顶间隙较小时虽然会出现泄漏流动,但不一定会出现泄漏涡,随着叶顶间隙的增大,泄漏流动将变得不明显,取而代之的是泄漏涡,并且泄漏涡的强度和影响区域随着间隙的增大而增大;在相同流量下,通风机的全压随着叶顶间隙的增大而减小;随着流量的降低,叶顶间隙越大,越早进入非稳定状态。     

Centrifugal compressor tip clearance and impeller flow

Compressors consume a considerable portion of the electricity used in the industrial sector. Hence, improvements in compressor efficiency lead to energy savings and reduce environmental impacts. The efficiency of an unshrouded centrifugal compressor suffers from leakage flow over the blade tips. The effect of tip leakage flow on the passage flow differs between the full and splitter blade passages. In this study, the differences in the flow fields between the full and splitter blade passages were studied numerically in detail. An industrial high-speed compressor with a design pressure ratio of 1.78 was modelled. Numerical studies were conducted with six different tip clearances and three different diffuser widths. The results show that increasing tip clearance considerably increases the reversed flow into the impeller with an unpinched diffuser. The reversed flow then partly mixes into the flow in the same blade passage it entered the impeller and the rest migrates over the blade, mixing with the tip clearance flow. Furthermore, as the reversed and clearance flow mix into the wake, the wake is weakened. As pinch reduces both the reversed flow and clearance flow, the passage wakes are stronger with pinches. However, the pinch is beneficial as the losses at the impeller outlet decrease.

     

Numerical study on the effect of the tip clearance of a 100 HP axial fan on the aerodynamic performance and unsteady stall characteristics

In this study, a numerical analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the tip clearance on the aerodynamic performance, internal flow characteristics, and stall region characteristics of an axial fan. Three-dimensional steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) calculations were conducted with a shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. Tip clearance ratios of 0, 0.01, and 0.02 were applied to the impeller. As the tip clearance ratio increased, the aerodynamic performance of the axial fan decreased at both the design and the off-design conditions. The correlation between the tip leakage vortex (TLV) and the flow angle of the velocity triangle was presented for the difference in the tip clearance and flow rate. As the flow rate increased, the differences in the aerodynamic performance induced by the tip clearance ratio decreased. As the tip clearance ratio increased, the size of the TLV increased and gradually moved in the circumferential direction to interfere with the main flow at the low flow rate. Meanwhile, the size of the TLV was similar and gradually moved in the axial direction even if the tip clearance ratio increased at the high flow rate. The pressure fluctuations were observed by the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis to compare and analyze internal flow characteristics at the stall region and design point. The static pressure was converted to the appropriate magnitude. The locations of the highest magnitude were shown to be different at the stall region and the design point, respectively.

     

Effect of meridional shape on performance of axial-flow fan

In this study, the effect of impeller meridional shape on the performance of axial-flow fan is investigated by CFD method. Three axialflow fan impellers with different meridional shapes are designed. The blade angle, blade stacking condition and other structure factors of the impellers are all remained consistent. The performance curves of the three impellers are calculated and compared. In almost all the interested flowrate range, the impeller W3 with an inverted-isosceles-trapezoid meridional shape and the longer blade camber achieves both the higher pressure rise and the higher efficiency than the other two impellers. A two-stage axial-flow fan designed on basis of W3 is manufactured and tested. Test results show good agreement with the calculated performance curves. Further, analyses of the CFD results are conducted to reveal the reasons for the different performance. A newly-defined Local Euler head (LEH) is introduced to represent the distribution of the major Euler work in the axial-flow fan. And the LEH distributions in the three impellers are obtained. W3 achieves the highest LEH at blade Trailing edge (TE), because it could perform the most Euler work to the fluid with the longest blade camber. Then losses in the impellers are analyzed by means of the entropy generation. Among the losses in impeller, the tip leakage loss and endwall friction loss are dominated at design flowrate. The generation condition of the tip leakage loss shows significant differences among the three impellers. And the whole power loss in impeller of W3 is slightly higher than those of the other two models. However, the power loss difference among the three impellers is negligible. And due to the highest shaft power, the efficiency loss of W3 is the lowest of all.     

齿顶间隙对双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵泄漏及空化特性的影响

为了研究在高速高压工况下双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵齿顶间隙对齿轮泵泄漏及空化特性的影响,建立了双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵最佳齿顶间隙数学模型,计算出最佳齿顶间隙。利用PumpLinx对考虑空化后不同齿顶间隙的齿轮泵内部流场进行数值模拟,结果表明:当齿顶间隙为0.02 mm,齿轮泵的流量脉动和压力脉动相对较小,流量输出品质好,与理论分析最佳齿顶间隙为0.0207 mm基本一致,验证了最佳齿顶间隙模型建立的正确性;齿顶间隙会影响齿轮泵内部流场的空化程度和泄漏量,齿轮泵内部的空化程度随着齿顶间隙的增大而减小,齿顶间隙处的泄漏会随齿顶间隙的增大而增大;齿轮泵齿顶间隙处的空化具有密封作用,可以减小齿顶间隙泄漏。研究结果对双圆弧螺旋齿轮泵结构优化及应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow pump

Rotor-stator interaction in axial pumps can produce pressure fluctuations and further vibrations even damage to the pump system in some extreme case. In this paper, the influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow water pump has been investigated by numerical method. Three-dimensional unsteady flow in the axial flow water pump has been simulated with different tip clearances between the impeller blade tip and the casing wall. In addition to monitoring pressure fluctuations at some typical points, a new method based on pressure statistics was proposed to determine pressure fluctuations at all grid nodes inside the whole pump. The comparison shows that the existence of impeller tip clearance magnifies the pressure fluctuations in the impeller region, from the hub to shroud. However, the effect on pressure fluctuation in the diffuser region is not evident. Furthermore, the tip clearance vortex has also been examined under different tip clearances.