铝合金/碳钢药芯焊丝熔-钎焊时的界面层脱落(英文)

采用锌基药芯焊丝对铝合金和无镀层低碳钢进行钨极氩弧熔-钎焊搭接。在焊缝中发现从界面层脱落的富铁层,Al-Zn相流入界面层和脱落层之间的夹层区域,并加速富铁层的进一步脱落。在焊缝凝固过程中,富铁脱落层逐渐向焊缝深处扩散、迁移。界面层的厚度为15μm,焊态下铝/钢异种金属接头的抗拉强度达111MPa。经焊后热处理,接头的抗拉强度提高到150MPa。     

焊后热处理对铝合金/镀锌钢接头组织与力学性能的影响

采用TIG熔-钎焊方法并添加AlSi_5焊丝,对1.5 mm厚的5A06铝合金和3 mm厚的镀锌Q235钢进行焊接。分析了焊后退火热处理对接头微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,热处理条件为280℃保温30 min。研究结果表明,采用TIG熔-钎焊的方法可以实现铝/钢异种金属的焊接,铝/钢界面处会产生金属间化合物层,焊态接头中金属间化合物层的厚度为4～5μm,化合物层主要由Al_8Fe_2Si相和少量的[Al,Fe,Si],Al13Fe4相组成,接头的抗拉强度值为163 MPa,断裂发生在焊缝处。对接头进行退火热处理后,接头中金属间化合物层的厚度增加到9～10μm,化合物层的组织无明显变化,主要由Al_8Fe_2Si相和少量的[Al,Fe,Si],Al₁₃Fe_4相组成,接头的抗拉强度值达到185 MPa,断裂发生在铝母材侧。     

不同焊丝成分对铝/钢CMT熔钎焊组织性能的影响

分别以AlSi5药芯焊丝、AlSi12药芯焊丝作为填充金属,采用CMT熔钎焊连接5086铝合金与Q235钢.研究不同焊丝成分、不同参数下熔钎焊接头宏观形貌、微观组织及力学性能.结果 表明:AlSi5药芯焊丝作为填充金属时所形成的金属间化合物层相较于AlSi12药芯焊丝所形成的金属间化合物层要更厚,说明Si元素对于金属间...     

TiAl合金/40Cr钢摩擦焊接头的组织与力学性能(英文)

讨论了焊后热处理对Ti Al合金与40Cr热轧钢摩擦焊接头显微组织及力学性能的影响。焊态下,钢侧界面层附近发生马氏体转变,界面层中碳原子富集生成Ti C,降低了接头的力学性能;Ti Al合金侧形成了羽毛状及魏氏体组织。经580°C和630°C保温2 h焊后热处理,界面层附近形成回火索氏体组织,碳弥散分布,接头的抗拉强度由焊态时的86 MPa分别提高至395 MPa和330 MPa。焊态下,接头沿界面层断裂;热处理后,接头呈准解理断裂,断裂位置位于Ti Al合金侧,距界面层约1 mm。     

ZnAl、AlSi(X)钎料钎焊铝/钢的接头耐腐蚀性研究

采用扫描电镜、能谱分析及电化学腐蚀、盐雾腐蚀和力学性能测试等实验分析手段研究ZnAl2、AlSi12和AlSiNi钎料的铝/钢钎焊接头耐腐蚀性。实验表明,母材和钎缝耐腐蚀性由强至弱依次是:Q235钢、3003铝合金、AlSiNi钎缝、AlSi12钎缝、ZnAl2钎缝,钎缝金属易被腐蚀;经过240 h的盐雾腐蚀实验,AlSiNi接头抗拉强度降低27%,耐腐蚀性最强,Ni元素有效提高了AlSi钎料的耐腐蚀性,ZnAl2接头抗拉强度衰减达92%,耐腐蚀性最差;ZnAl2接头中残留的立体"花状"锌铝相表明钎缝中的Zn相会优先被腐蚀;AlSiNi、AlSi12接头中的腐蚀优先产生于母材钢/钎缝界面处,钎缝一侧的α-Al相优先被腐蚀。     

多层多道焊接DH40船用钢接头组织及力学性能

使用药芯焊丝CO2焊,在多层多道焊条件下对大厚板DH40船用钢进行了焊接试验,并较为系统研究了接头组织及力学行为,重点探讨了焊接接头冲击韧性尤其是焊缝根部热影响区熔合线外5 mm区域冲击韧性严重衰减的原因.结果表明,焊接接头抗拉强度均高于母材,(大子母材抗拉强度515 MPa).弯曲试验所有样品均合格,满足塑性要求;采用CO2气体保护焊多层多道焊接DH40船用钢,易在焊缝根部热影响区熔合线外5 mm左右的狭窄范围内出现脆性带.其中“组织遗传”作用,造成晶粒粗大,是其冲击韧性下降的次要因素,该区域产生大量粒状贝氏体,是其冲击韧性严重衰减的根本原因.     

铝/钛异种合金激光熔钎焊接头特性

以C02激光为热源，以A1Si12焊丝为填充材料，对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金和5056铝合金异种材料激光熔钎焊进行研究，采用SEM、EDS、XRD和金相显微镜分析接头的微观结构特征，通过拉伸实验评定接头的力学性能。研究结果表明：所得接头具有熔焊和钎焊双重性质，即铝母材局部熔化，为熔化焊，而钛母材与焊缝金属之间存在金属间化合物层钎焊界面；钎焊界面上部的金属间化合物层组成复杂，可分为2层，即呈针状或芽状的Ti-Al-Si系金属间化合物层和以Ti-Al系金属间化合物为主的连续层；钎焊界面下部的金属间化合物层较薄；拉伸试样断裂倾向于发生在紧邻钎焊界面的焊缝上，平均抗拉强度为298．5MPa。     

坡口角度及焊丝偏移量对钛/铝冷弧MIG焊接头显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用SAl 5183焊丝对TA2钛/5A05铝进行脉冲冷弧MIG焊. 研究钛侧坡口角度θ及焊丝偏移量d对接头成形及显微组织与力学性能的影响. 结果表明,坡口角度过小时,接头上部钛局部熔化而根部结合不良,Ti/Al界面组织差异大;坡口角度过大则出现焊缝下塌;坡口角度在30° ~ 45°范围内,Ti/Al界面组织差异小且结合良好. 焊丝偏向钛侧时,接头上部钛局部熔化而根部结合不良,Ti/Al界面组织差异大;焊丝向铝侧偏移过大则出现焊缝下塌;焊丝偏铝侧0 ~ 1 mm时,Ti/Al界面组织差异小且结合良好. 试验获得的优化工艺为坡口角度θ = 35°,焊丝偏铝d = 0.5 mm. 最佳工艺下,接头上部Ti/Al钎焊界面形成了Ti_3.3Al和TiAl₃两层金属间化合物;接头下部则通过形成一层TiAl₃实现钎焊结合;接头平均抗拉强度达198 MPa.     

纵向直流磁场对铝铜熔钎焊接头组织和性能的影响

采用TIG焊进行铝铜异种材料熔钎焊对接试验,通过添加Zn-2%Al药芯焊丝调控焊缝成分,并施加纵向直流磁场调控界面组织,接头力学性能显著提高. 结果表明,相比于无磁场,在纵向直流磁场的作用下,Cu侧IMC层的形状、厚度和化合物种类均发生变化:平均厚度明显变薄,由32.8 μm降至14.6 μm;形状由平直变为弯曲,起到“机械咬合”作用;Cu侧IMC层Al_4.2Cu_3.2Zn_0.7三元化合物的出现抑制了硬脆的AlCu与Al₂Cu化合物的生长,接头性能升高. 添加直流磁场后,接头抗拉强度均比无磁场时高,且接头抗拉强度随着磁场强度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势. 当焊接电流I = 95 A,焊接电压U = 16 V,焊接速度v = 140 mm/min,磁场强度B = 10 mT时,接头抗拉强度最高,达到110.8 MPa,比无磁场升高了约24%.     

Ti-Si-Mg-Al焊丝对SiC_p/Al基复合材料等离子弧原位焊接焊缝组织和性能的影响(英文)

研究Ti-Si-Mg-Al焊丝对等离子弧原位合金化焊接制备SiC颗粒/铝金属基复合材料的微观结构和力学性能的影响。以氩氮混合气体为离子气,采用Ti-Si-Mg-Al药芯焊丝作为填充材料,对焊接接头进行拉伸试验,并对宏观形态和微观组织进行分析。结果表明:以Ti-Si-Mg-Al药芯焊丝作为原位反应填充材料,可以有效抑制针状脆性相Al4C3的生成。以15Ti-5Si-5Mg-Al药芯焊丝作为填充材料时,焊接接头的最大抗拉强度为267MPa,达到退火条件下基体材料强度的83%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。